32,097 research outputs found
Characterization of Jets in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
Jet quenching is considered to be one of the signatures of the formation of
quark gluon plasma. In order to investigate the jet quenching, it is necessary
to detect jets produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions, determine their
properties and compare those with the jets one obtains in hadron-hadron or
collisions. In this work, we propose that calculation of flow
parameters may be used to detect and characterize jets in relativistic heavy
ion collisions.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, more discussions are added, to be published in
Phys. Rev.
Large Deviation Principles and Complete Equivalence and Nonequivalence Results for Pure and Mixed Ensembles
We consider a general class of statistical mechanical models of coherent
structures in turbulence, which includes models of two-dimensional fluid
motion, quasi-geostrophic flows, and dispersive waves. First, large deviation
principles are proved for the canonical ensemble and the microcanonical
ensemble. For each ensemble the set of equilibrium macrostates is defined as
the set on which the corresponding rate function attains its minimum of 0. We
then present complete equivalence and nonequivalence results at the level of
equilibrium macrostates for the two ensembles.Comment: 57 page
The Large Deviation Principle for Coarse-Grained Processes
The large deviation principle is proved for a class of -valued processes
that arise from the coarse-graining of a random field. Coarse-grained processes
of this kind form the basis of the analysis of local mean-field models in
statistical mechanics by exploiting the long-range nature of the interaction
function defining such models. In particular, the large deviation principle is
used in a companion paper to derive the variational principles that
characterize equilibrium macrostates in statistical models of two-dimensional
and quasi-geostrophic turbulence. Such macrostates correspond to large-scale,
long-lived flow structures, the description of which is the goal of the
statistical equilibrium theory of turbulence. The large deviation bounds for
the coarse-grained process under consideration are shown to hold with respect
to the strong topology, while the associated rate function is proved to
have compact level sets with respect to the weak topology. This compactness
property is nevertheless sufficient to establish the existence of equilibrium
macrostates for both the microcanonical and canonical ensembles.Comment: 19 page
The Mass Assembly Histories of Galaxies of Various Morphologies in the GOODS Fields
We present an analysis of the growth of stellar mass with cosmic time
partitioned according to galaxy morphology. Using a well-defined catalog of
2150 galaxies based, in part, on archival data in the GOODS fields, we assign
morphological types in three broad classes (Ellipticals, Spirals,
Peculiar/Irregulars) to a limit of z_AB=22.5 and make the resulting catalog
publicly available. We combine redshift information, optical photometry from
the GOODS catalog and deep K-band imaging to assign stellar masses. We find
little evolution in the form of the galaxy stellar mass function from z~1 to
z=0, especially at the high mass end where our results are most robust.
Although the population of massive galaxies is relatively well established at
z~1, its morphological mix continues to change, with an increasing proportion
of early-type galaxies at later times. By constructing type-dependent stellar
mass functions, we show that in each of three redshift intervals, E/S0's
dominate the higher mass population, while spirals are favored at lower masses.
This transition occurs at a stellar mass of 2--3 times 10^{10} Msun at z~0.3
(similar to local studies) but there is evidence that the relevant mass scale
moves to higher mass at earlier epochs. Such evolution may represent the
morphological extension of the ``downsizing'' phenomenon, in which the most
massive galaxies stop forming stars first, with lower mass galaxies becoming
quiescent later. We infer that more massive galaxies evolve into spheroidal
systems at earlier times, and that this morphological transformation may only
be completed 1--2 Gyr after the galaxies emerge from their active star forming
phase. We discuss several lines of evidence suggesting that merging may play a
key role in generating this pattern of evolution.Comment: 24 pages, 1 table, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
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Adding chopped straw to concentrate feed: the effect of inclusion rate and particle length on intake behaviour of horses
Production of a Z boson and two jets with one heavy-quark tag
We present a next-to-leading-order calculation of the production of a Z boson
with two jets, one or more of which contains a heavy quark (Q=c,b). We show
that the cross section with only one heavy-quark jet is larger than that with
two heavy-quark jets at both the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN LHC. These
processes are the dominant irreducible backgrounds to a Higgs boson produced in
association with a Z boson, followed by h->bb. Our calculation makes use of a
heavy-quark distribution function, which resums collinear logarithms and makes
the next-to-leading-order calculation tractable.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. Erratum adde
Physics at Future Linear Colliders
This article summarises the physics at future linear colliders. It will be
shown that in all studied physics scenarios a 1 TeV linear collider in addition
to the LHC will enhance our knowledge significantly and helps to reconstruct
the model of new physics nature has chosen.Comment: Invited talk at the Lepton Photon Symposium 2005, Upsala, Sweden,
July 2005, V2: minor improvement
Magneto-optical determination of the electron-solid phase-boundary
We have obtained a two-dimensional electron-solid phase diagram in the extreme magnetic quantum limit by studying the temperature dependence of the radiative recombination of electrons in a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs heterojunction with holes bound to a delta-layer, 250 A away in the GaAs, of Be acceptors. The low-energy shoulder to the luminescence line, indicating the presence of the electron solid, is seen to disappear at a filling-factor-dependent critical temperature. We observe no shoulder above a filling factor of 0.25, and the critical temperature falls to below 0.4 K at filling factors 1/5 and 1/7
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