Observations of the solar particle event of 5 to 12 February 1965 with Mariner IV AND Injun IV

Solar energetic particle intensities obtained with Mariner IV and Injun IV during 5-12 February 1965 cosmic ray even

Method and apparatus for aligning a laser beam projector Patent

Laser beam projector for continuous, precise alignment between target, laser generator, and astronomical telescope during trackin

Observation of about 500 KeV protons in interplanetary space with Mariner IV

Mariner IV observations of protons in interplanetary spac

Geomagnetically trapped alpha particles

Geomagnetically trapped alpha particles from Injun IV satellite measurement

Method of directing a laser beam with very high accuracy

System will collimate and direct an argon laser beam with high angular tracking accuracy at objects on the moons surface. It can be adapted to missile and satellite tracking

Impulsive emission of approximately 40 KeV electrons from the sun

Impulsive emission of high energy electrons from sun and diffusive propagation through interplanetary medium observed by Mariner IV PARTICLE detector

Observation of approximately 500 KeV protons in interplanetary space with Mariner IV

Proton detection of approximately 500 KeV kinetic energy by Mariner IV Space Probe during interplanetary fligh

Low emission zones: the likely effects on the freight transport sector

London’s air quality has improved over recent decades, but is still the worst in the UK. Road transport emissions play an important part in this pollution. A low emission zone (LEZ) would help to accelerate the introduction of cleaner vehicles, and reduce the numbers of older, more polluting vehicles operating in London. The survey work carried out indicates that there is support among goods vehicle operators for an LEZ in London, depending on the precise scheme definition. Operators would generally try to comply with LEZ regulations, with most companies either using technical approaches to ensure that their London vehicle fleet complied with the required emission standard or by redeploying vehicles with the appropriate emission standard from other locations

Plasmas generated by ultra-violet light rather than electron impact

We analyze, in both plane and cylindrical geometries, a collisionless plasma consisting of an inner region where generation occurs by UV illumination, and an un-illuminated outer region with no generation. Ions generated in the inner region flow outwards through the outer region and into a wall. We solve for this system's steady state, first in the quasi-neutral regime (where the Debye length ${\lambda}_D$ vanishes and analytic solutions exist) and then in the general case, which we solve numerically. In the general case a double layer forms where the illuminated and un-illuminated regions meet, and an approximately quasi-neutral plasma connects the double layer to the wall sheath; in plane geometry the ions coast through the quasi-neutral section at slightly more than the Bohm speed $c_s$. The system, although simple, therefore has two novel features: a double layer that does not require counter-streaming ions and electrons, and a quasi-neutral plasma where ions travel in straight lines with at least the Bohm speed. We close with a pr\'{e}cis of our asymptotic solutions of this system, and suggest how our theoretical conclusions might be extended and tested in the laboratory.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Physics of Plasma

Pion mass effects on axion emission from neutron stars through NN bremsstrahlung processes

The rates of axion emission by nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung are calculated with the inclusion of the full momentum contribution from a nuclear one pion exchange (OPE) potential. The contributions of the neutron-neutron (nn), proton-proton (pp) and neutron-proton (np) processes in both the nondegenerate and degenerate limits are explicitly given. We find that the finite momentum corrections to the emissivities are quantitatively significant for the non-degenerate regime and temperature-dependent, and should affect the existing axion mass bounds. The trend of these nuclear effects is to diminish the emissivities