Validated RP-HPLC method for determination of related substances of montelukast from montelukast sodium chewable tablets

The development of a RP-HPLC method for Montelukast in the presence of its impurity and degradation product generated from force degradation studies drug was exposed through various degradation stress conditions and found to be stable column used BDS Hypersil C18 (250 mm x 4.6mm) 5um. Mobile phase was used in mixture of Buffer and Acetonitrile (30:70, v/v). The HPLC method was developed and validated with respect to linearity, precession, accuracy, ruggedness and specificity

Phyllanthus Niruri: A magic Herb

Medicinal herbs are significant source of pharmaceutical drugs. Latest trends have shown increasing demand of phytodrugs and some medicinal herbs have proven hepatotprotective potential. Inflammation describes a coordinated series of molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic responses that drive the pathology of various diseases Inflammation is a finely tuned, dynamic, highly-regulated process that is not inherently detrimental, but rather required for immune surveillance, optimal post-injury tissue repair, and regeneration. The inflammatory response is driven by cytokines and chemokines and is partially propagated by damaged tissue-derived products (Damage-associated Molecular Patterns; DAMP’s). DAMPs perpetuate inflammation through the release of proinflammatory cytokines, but may also inhibit anti-inflammatory cytokines

A Review: Application and experimental designs of experiments for analysis of various organic compounds using GC-MS

Gas chromatography ("GC") and mass spectrometry ("MS") make an effective combination for chemical analysis. This article serves to demonstrate tools for an effective attack or defence of GC/MS evidence. The GC device is generally a reliable analytical instrument.The GC instrument is effective in separating compounds into their various components. However, the GC instrument cannot be used for reliable identification of specific substances. The MS instrument provides specific results but produces uncertain qualitative results. When an analyst uses the GC instrument to separate compounds before analysis with an MS instrument, a complementary relationship exists. The technician has access to both the retention times and mass spectral data. Many scientists consider GC/MS analysis as a tool for conclusive proof of identity. GC/MS analysis, where the effluent to the GC instrument is the feed to the MS instrument, is in wide use for confirmation testing of substances. Drug testing, manufacturing quality control and environmental testing are some typical uses

Development of validated stability indicating assay method for the simultaneous estimation of hydrochlorothiazide Amlodipine besylate and Losartan potassium in combine dosage form

A Stability indicating Reverse-Phase liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous estimation of HCTZ, LOSA and AMLO was developed. The chromatographic assay involves the use of SUPELCO LC-8-DB column (15 cm x 4.6 mm, 5 m) with a simple mobile phase composition of Buffer (monobasic Potassium Dihydrogen phosphate of 0.025 M having pH 3.7): Acetonitrile (60:40) at a flow rate of 1mL/min with U.V detection at wavelength of 232 nm. The method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 4-40 ?g/mL for HCTZ and 2-22 ?g/mL for AMLO and 15-150 ?g/mL for LOSA. The proposed method was also successfully applied to 20 tablets of marketed formulation (Trilopace). The developed method was successfully validated as per the ICH guidelines for following parameters. Accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness, system suitability tests, etc. The RSD for system precision was found to be 0.89-0.49 for HCTZ, AMLO, and LOSA and for method precision 1.0-1.4 for HCTZ, AMLO, and LOSA. The average percentage recoveries 99.75, 99.88, 98.93 for HCTZ, AMLO, LOSA which was in good agreement with labeled amount of Pharmaceutical formulation. The stability indicating capacity was tested by accelerated degradation of marketed formulation in acidic (0.1 N HCL), basic (0.1 N NaOH), , Oxidative (3% H 2 O 2 ), Thermal (80 0 C

Six Sigma: A novel approach to pharmaceutical industry

The statistical concept, six sigma is used to define problems systematically, provides tools to measure and influential factors and identifies the improvements that can be implemented easily. It is quality management tool which can be considered as a vision, a philosophy, a symbol, a metric, a goal, a methodology. It simply means a measure of quality that struggle for near perfection. It is a highly disciplined process that focuses on developing and deliveringNear perfect product and services It is based on three element Process improvement, Process. Design/re-design and Process management. When we use this technique for a process then process variation reduced to 3.4 DPMO (Defects per million Opportunities).Six sigma is divided in two sub methods DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) is improvement system for existing processes that doesnt meet specification. DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify) is used to develop new processes at six sigma level

Review: common trouble shooting problems in RP-HPLC

High performance liquid chromatography is one the powerful analytical tool regularly employed for the analysis of the drugs in the pharmaceutical formulations. Day by day advancement in instrumentation is increasing but still the problems have been encountered while performing analysis. Here in this review article different troubleshooting has been described with their causative and preventive parameters during performing the method development for separation and identification by RP-HPLC

Microsponge A Novel New Drug Delivery System: A Review

Microsponge is recent novel technique for control release and target specific drug delivery system. Therefore many scientist or researcher attracted towards the microsponge drug delivery system. Also Microsponge technology has been introduced in topical drug products to facilitate the controlled release of active drug into the skin in order to reduce systemic exposure and minimize local cutaneous reactions to active drugs. More and more developments in delivery systems are being integrated to optimize the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the therapy. Microsponge technology offers entrapment of ingredients and is believed to contribute towards reduced side effects, improved stability, increased elegance, and enhanced formulation flexibility. In addition, numerous studies have confirmed that microsponge systems are non-irritating, non-mutagenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. MDS technology is being used currently in cosmetics, over-the-counter (OTC) skin care, sunscreens and prescription products. One of the best feature of microsponge is it is self-sterilizing. This review is focused on method of preparation, characterization and application of microsponge

Degradation Kinetics of Polycarbonate Composites: Kinetic Parameters and Artificial Neural Network

In order to design a reactor, kinetics of degradation of polycarbonate/CaCO3 composites was investigated here by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), applying model-free and modelistic methods together, to obtain E, A, ΔS*, ΔH* and ΔG* (kinetic parameters). The system was tested with all the mechanisms available using non-isothermal modelistic method (Coats-Redfern). This approach allowed choosing the models, which are otherwise difficult to decide upon simply based on regression fit methods. The mechanism proposed was a simple nth order. Application of artificial neural network supported in designing a neural network could lead to a quick determination of kinetic parameters. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

STUDIES ON BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF CURCUMIN

Objective: The objective of the present work was to improve aqueous solubility and in vivo bioavailability of curcumin and structural analogues of curcumin such as potassium, calcium, magnesium salts and nitro derivative. Methods: Structural analogues of curcumin were prepared by reaction of curcumin with potassium chloride, magnesium chloride hexahydrate and calcium chloride dihydrate in a suitable solvent. The nitro derivative synthesized by treating curcumin with sulphuric acid and nitric acid. The prepared analogues were evaluated for melting behavior, solubility, UV spectrophotometry, partition coefficient, moisture content, cellular uptake, FTIR analysis, antimicrobial activity and in vivo bioavailability in the rat. Results: Chemical modification of curcumin increased the saturation solubility to 11.6, 16.5, 21.5, 28.0 µg/ml in calcium salt, magnesium salt, potassium salt and nitro derivative respectively, against 8.6 µg/ml of curcumin. The analogues were chemically stable as curcumin analyzed by FTIR spectrophotometry. Increased cellular uptake, as well as enhanced antimicrobial activity, was demonstrated by modified curcumin analogues. Moreover, significant improvement in plasma levels was estimated with nitro derivative. Conclusion: The present work recommends that nitration of curcumin improves aqueous solubility which may improve absorption and in vivo bioavailability

XMIAR: X-ray medical image annotation and retrieval

The huge development of the digitized medical image has been steered to the enlargement and research of the Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems. Those systems retrieve and extract the images by their own low level features, like texture, shape and color. But those visual features did not aloe the users to request images by the semantic meanings. The image annotation or classification systems can be considered as the solution for the limitations of the CBIR, and to reduce the semantic gap, this has been aimed annotating or to make the classification of the image with few controlled keywords. In this paper, we suggest a new hierarchal classification for the X-ray medical image using the machine learning techniques, which are called the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN). Hierarchy classification design was proposed based on the main body region. Evaluation was conducted based on ImageCLEF2005 database. The obtained results in this research were improved compared to the previous related studies