Air freight demand models: An overview

A survey is presented of some of the approaches which have been considered in freight demand estimation. The few existing continuous time computer simulations of aviation systems are reviewed, with a view toward the assessment of this approach as a tool for structuring air freight studies and for relating the different components of the air freight system. The variety of available data types and sources, without which the calibration, validation and the testing of both modal split and simulation models would be impossible are also reviewed

Slice Stretching Effects for Maximal Slicing of a Schwarzschild Black Hole

Slice stretching effects such as slice sucking and slice wrapping arise when foliating the extended Schwarzschild spacetime with maximal slices. For arbitrary spatial coordinates these effects can be quantified in the context of boundary conditions where the lapse arises as a linear combination of odd and even lapse. Favorable boundary conditions are then derived which make the overall slice stretching occur late in numerical simulations. Allowing the lapse to become negative, this requirement leads to lapse functions which approach at late times the odd lapse corresponding to the static Schwarzschild metric. Demanding in addition that a numerically favorable lapse remains non-negative, as result the average of odd and even lapse is obtained. At late times the lapse with zero gradient at the puncture arising for the puncture evolution is precisely of this form. Finally, analytic arguments are given on how slice stretching effects can be avoided. Here the excision technique and the working mechanism of the shift function are studied in detail.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, revised version including a study on how slice stretching can be avoided by using excision and/or shift

Matrix De Rham complex and quantum A-infinity algebras

I establish the relation of the non-commutative BV-formalism with super-invariant matrix integration. In particular, the non-commutative BV-equation, defining the quantum A-infinity-algebras, introduced in "Modular operads and Batalin-Vilkovisky geometry" IMRN, Vol. 2007, doi: 10.1093/imrn/rnm075, is represented via de Rham differential acting on the matrix spaces related with Bernstein-Leites simple associative algebras with odd trace q(N), and with gl(N|N). I also show that the Lagrangians of the matrix integrals from "Noncommmutative Batalin-Vilkovisky geometry and Matrix integrals", Comptes Rendus Mathematique, vol 348 (2010), pp. 359-362, arXiv:0912.5484, are equivariantly closed differential forms.Comment: published versio

Comparing teacher roles in Denmark and England

This article reports the findings of a comparative study of teaching in Denmark and England; its broader aim is to help develop an approach for comparing pedagogy. Lesson observations and interviews identified the range of goals towards which teachers in each country worked and the actions these prompted. These were clustered using the lens of Bernstein’s pedagogic discourse (1990; 1996) to construct teacher roles which provided a view of pedagogy. Through this approach we have begun to identify variations in pedagogy across two countries. All teachers in this study adopted a variety of roles; of significance was the ease with which competent English teachers moved between roles. The English teachers observed adopted roles consistent with a wider techno-rationalist discourse. There was a greater subject emphasis by Danish teachers whose work was set predominantly within a democratic humanist discourse, whilst the English teachers placed a greater emphasis on applied skills

Improved Parameters and New Lensed Features for Q0957+561 from WFPC2 Imaging

New HST WFPC2 observations of the lensed double QSO 0957+561 will allow improved constraints on the lens mass distribution and hence will improve the derived value of H$_0$. We first present improved optical positions and photometry for the known components of this lens. The optical separation between the A and B quasar images agrees with VLBI data at the 10 mas level, and the optical center of the primary lensing galaxy G1 coincides with the VLBI source G' to within 10 mas. The best previous model for this lens (Grogin and Narayan 1996) is excluded by these data and must be reevaluated. Several new resolved features are found within 10\arcsec of G1, including an apparent fold arc with two bright knots. Several other small galaxies are detected, including two which may be multiple images of each other. We present positions and crude photometry of these objects.Comment: 7 pages including 2 postscript figures, LaTeX, emulateapj style. Also available at http://www.astro.lsa.umich.edu:80/users/philf/www/papers/list.htm

Diverse macular dystrophy phenotype caused by a novel complex mutation in the ELOVL4 gene

Journal ArticlePURPOSE: A 5-bp deletion in ELOVL4, a photoreceptor-specific gene, has been associated with autosomal dominant (ad) macular dystrophy phenotypes in five related families, in which phenotypes range from Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3; Mendelian Inheritance in Man 600110) to pattern dystrophy. This has been the only mutation identified in ELOVL4 to date, which is associated with macular dystrophy phenotypes. In the current study, the potential involvement was investigated of an ELOVL4 gene variation in adSTGD-like and other macular dystrophy phenotypes segregating in a large unrelated pedigree from Utah (K4175). METHODS: The entire open reading frame of the ELOVL4 gene was analyzed by direct sequencing in a proband from the K4175 family. The combination of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) analysis and direct sequencing of all available family members was used to further assess segregation of identified ELOVL4 variants in the pedigree. RESULTS: A complex mutation, two 1-bp deletions separated by four nucleotides, was detected in all affected members of the family. The mutation results in a frameshift and the truncation of the ELOVL4 protein, similar to the effect of the previously described 5-bp deletion. CONCLUSIONS: The discovery of a second mutation in the ELOVL4 gene segregating with macular dystrophy phenotypes confirms the role of this gene in a subset of dominant macular dystrophies with a wide range of clinical expressions and suggests a role for modifying genes and/or environmental factors in the disease process

Dynamic autonomous intelligent control of an asteroid lander

One of the future flagship missions of the European Space Agency (ESA) is the asteroid sample return mission Marco-Polo. Although there have been a number of past missions to asteroids, a sample has never been successfully returned. The return of asteroid regolith to the Earth's surface introduces new technical challenges. This paper develops attitude control algorithms for the descent phase onto an asteroid in micro-gravity conditions and draws a comparison between the algorithms considered. Two studies are also performed regarding the Fault Detection Isolation and Recovery (FDIR) of the control laws considered. The potential of using Direct Adaptive Control (DAC) as a controller for the surface sampling process is also investigated. Use of a DAC controller incorporates increased levels of robustness by allowing realtime variation of control gains. This leads to better response to uncertainties encountered during missions

Applications of BGP-reflection functors: isomorphisms of cluster algebras

Given a symmetrizable generalized Cartan matrix $A$, for any index $k$, one can define an automorphism associated with $A,$ of the field $\mathbf{Q}(u_1, >..., u_n)$ of rational functions of $n$ independent indeterminates $u_1,..., u_n.$ It is an isomorphism between two cluster algebras associated to the matrix $A$ (see section 4 for precise meaning). When $A$ is of finite type, these isomorphisms behave nicely, they are compatible with the BGP-reflection functors of cluster categories defined in [Z1, Z2] if we identify the indecomposable objects in the categories with cluster variables of the corresponding cluster algebras, and they are also compatible with the "truncated simple reflections" defined in [FZ2, FZ3]. Using the construction of preprojective or preinjective modules of hereditary algebras by Dlab-Ringel [DR] and the Coxeter automorphisms (i.e., a product of these isomorphisms), we construct infinitely many cluster variables for cluster algebras of infinite type and all cluster variables for finite types.Comment: revised versio

The Highly Oscillatory Behavior of Automorphic Distributions for SL(2)

Automorphic distributions for SL(2) arise as boundary values of modular forms and, in a more subtle manner, from Maass forms. In the case of modular forms of weight one or of Maass forms, the automorphic distributions have continuous first antiderivatives. We recall earlier results of one of us on the Holder continuity of these continuous functions and relate them to results of other authors; this involves a generalization of classical theorems on Fourier series by S. Bernstein and Hardy-Littlewood. We then show that the antiderivatives are non-differentiable at all irrational points, as well as all, or in certain cases, some rational points. We include graphs of several of these functions, which clearly display a high degree of oscillation. Our investigations are motivated in part by properties of "Riemann's nondifferentiable function", also known as "Weierstrass' function".Comment: 27 pages, 6 Figures; version 2 corrects misprints and updates reference