Assessment of feasibility of projects for creating information and management systems of the electric power complex under conditions of uncertainty

Evaluating the feasibility of implementing proposed projects for creating information management systems (IMS) for industrial facilities is a complex procedure due to the uncertainty surrounding the accurate data about the prepared project during its implementation. Therefore, the application of decision support methods, based on soft computing and methodology, is deemed appropriate to address the difficulties arising from non-factors (uncertainty, non-determinism) in the evaluation of the implementation of proposed projects for IMS creation. Consequently, the use of non-deterministic interval methods has been proposed for the evaluation of the suitability of project proposals for creating information management systems under conditions of interval non-determinism, highlighting its advantages

Clinical portrait of an "ordinary" patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia and the efficacy of treating lower urinary tract symptoms

Introduction. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men that is often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Objective. To determine the clinical portrait of an "ordinary" patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia and develop an algorithm for improving the efficacy of treating lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia.Materials & methods. The study included 112 BPH-patients who received tamsulosin therapy or a combination of tamsulosin + solifenacin for three months. After three months of therapy, the patients were divided into two groups depending on the effectiveness of therapy: group 1 — a positive result (n = 77); group 2 — no positive effect (n = 35). Due to the lack of efficacy in patients of group 2, a multichannel urodynamics was performed, according to the results of which the patients were prescribed treatment with a subsequent assessment of the result after 3 months.Results. After 3 months of therapy in patients of group 1, a decrease in pollakiuria was noted. Regression of obstructive and irritative symptoms was also observed, and the urination-associated quality of life (QoL) improved. The maximum urine flow rate (Q max) remained unchanged mainly. By the sixth month, the frequency of urination continued to decrease (11.05 vs 9.32 episodes; p = 0.022), as well as the improvement of other parameters (IPSS, QoL, Q max and post-void residual urine volume (PVR) (80.87 vs 56.17 ml; p = 0.012). The indicators of patients of group 2 following three months of therapy remained without significant changes. Sixteen patients underwent transurethral prostate resection, 19 patients underwent therapy correction, which allowed reducing the number of episodes of daily pollakiuria. The total IPSS score decreased by 4.37 compared to baseline (IPSS (obstructive) — 13.79 vs 7.26 pts; p = 0.032). The QoL value was 2.84 pts, Q max — 14.90 mL/s, PVR — 10.58 mL.Conclusion. 19.8% of BPH-patients are resistant to drug therapy. The ineffectiveness of therapy may be due to the severe BOO. In the absence of the effect of the therapy within 3 months, it is recommended to perform multichannel urodynamics. Correction of therapy according to the multichannel urodynamics data improves its effectiveness by the sixth month of treatment. Indicators of IPSS, Q max and PVR after 3 months of therapy allow predicting the effectiveness of therapy, or suspect the need for surgical treatment

Analysis of manual modeling skills teeth dental undergraduates of the faculty as a tool for quality training of future doctors

The article deals with the improvement of manual skills of teeth modeling by senior students of the faculty of dentistry and the analysis of the survey data. The results of the survey revealed a strong motivation of the study participants to conduct artistic modeling of teeth.В статье рассмотрены вопросы совершенствования мануальных навыков моделирования зубов старшекурсниками стоматологического факультета и анализ данных анкетирования. Результаты анкетирования выявили выраженную мотивацию участников исследования к проведению художественного моделирования зубов

Современное состояние проблемы системной красной волчанки в Казахстане

Objective: to analyze the provision of medical, including rheumatology, care in Kazakhstan, to study the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and to develop a registry of patients with this condition.Material and methods. The investigators analyzed the guidelines for the organization of medical, including rheumatology, care in the republic and the official statistical materials of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the period 2012 to 2017. Articles were searched to select activity indices, organ damages and to assess the quality of life and treatment programs in order to create a registry of patients with SLE.Results and discussion. The paper presents the basic principles of providing medical, including rheumatology, care in the republic. It gives data on the issues of providing SLE patients with medicines in outpatient and inpatient settings. It also analyzes trends in the incidence of SLE in the population of Kazakhstan in 2012 to 2017. There were 4,448 SLE patients, including 3,986 women; a comparative analysis of indicators demonstrated a 62.8% increase in the incidence of SLE from 2012 to 2017. The purpose and objectives of the registry of patients with SLE were substantiated.Conclusion. An analysis of morbidity rates suggests that SLE remains to be significant in the republic. The incidence of SLE has been noted to increase in the period from 2012 to 2017; there is a female preponderance (89.6%). The application of the SLE registry in clinical practice will be able to improve the diagnosis of the disease in the early stage and to prevent possible complications. Цель исследования – анализ оказания медицинской, в том числе ревматологической, помощи в Казахстане, изучение показателей заболеваемости и разработка регистра пациентов с системной красной волчанкой (СКВ).Материал и методы. Проводился анализ руководящих документов по организации медицинской, в том числе ревматологической, помощи в республике и официальных статистических материалов Министерства здравоохранения Республики Казахстан (МЗ РК) за период с 2012 по 2017 г. Выполнен поиск статей для отбора индексов активности, повреждения органов, оценки качества жизни и программы терапии с целью создания регистра пациентов с СКВ.Результаты и обсуждение. Представлены основные принципы оказания медицинской, в том числе ревматологической, помощи в республике. Приведены данные по вопросам обеспечения пациентов с СКВ лекарственными средствами на амбулаторном и стационарном этапе. Проведен анализ динамики заболеваемости СКВ населения Казахстана за период с 2012 по 2017 г. Число пациентов с СКВ составило 4448 человек (из них женщин – 3986), сравнительный анализ показателей за период с 2012 по 2017 г. продемонстрировал увеличение заболеваемости на 62,8%. Обосновываются цель и задачи регистра пациентов с СКВ.Заключение. Анализ показателей заболеваемости свидетельствуют о сохранении значимости СКВ в республике. Отмечены прирост заболеваемости СКВ в период с 2012 по 2017 г., преобладание лиц женского пола (89,6%). Использование регистра пациентов с СКВ в клинической практике позволит улучшить диагностику заболевания на раннем этапе и предотвратить возможные осложнения.

ФОТОДИНАМИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ БАЗАЛЬНОКЛЕТОЧНОГО РАКА КОЖИ ГОЛОВЫ И ШЕИ С ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫМ ВНУТРИТКАНЕВЫМ ЛАЗЕРНЫМ ОБЛУЧЕНИЕМ

The article is devoted to the development and evaluation of the effi ciency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photosensitizer photolon with additional interstitial laser irradiation in patients with head and  neck basal cell skin cancer (BCSC). Treatment was performed in 55  patients. On the fi rst stage, all patients underwent photodynamic  therapy with interstitial irradiation using fl exible optical fi bers with  cylindrical diffuser, on the second stage PDT with distant delivery of  laser at a dose of 50-300 J/cm2 was carried out. During the follow- up period of 6 months to 4 years in 13 (23.6%) of the 55 patients a  recurrence of the disease was diagnosed. A higher rate of recurrence was in the group of patients who underwent PDT for recurrent  neoplasms compared with patients with primary disease (37.5% and 4.3%, respectively), in patients with endophytic growth of the tumor compared to patients with exophytic component (30.0% and 16.0%,respectively) and in patients with large tumors (up to 2.0 cm – 14.3%, from 2.0 to 5.0 cm – 16.7% and more than 5.0 cm – 54.4%).Статья посвящена разработке методики и оценке эффективности фотодинамической терапии с фотосенсибилизатором фотолон с дополнительным внутритканевым воздействием  лазерного света у больных базальноклеточным раком кожи головы и шеи. Лечение проведено 55 больным. На 1-ом этапе всем больным была проведена  фотодинамическая терапия с внутритканевым облучением с использованием световодов с  гибким цилиндрическим диффузором (выходная мощность лазерного излучения – 200-400  мВт, время воздействия – 15-25 мин), на 2-ом этапе – фотодинамическая терапия с  дистанционным подведением лазерного света в дозе 50-300 Дж/см2. На сроках наблюдения  от 6 мес до 4 лет у 13 (23,6%) из 55 пациентов были диагностированы рецидивы  заболевания. Более высокий процент рецидивов был в группе больных, которым проводили  фотодинамическую терапию по поводу рецидива заболевания, чем у больных с первичными  новообразованиями (37,5% и 4,3% соответственно), у больных с эндофитным типом роста  опухоли по сравнению с больными с экзофитным компонентом образования (30,0% и  16,0%, соответственно) и у пациентов с большим размером опухолевого узла (до 2,0 см – 14,3%, от 2,1 до 5,0 см – 16,7% и более 5,0 см – 54,4%)

Thermally Responsive Amphiphilic Conetworks and Gels Based on Poly(N‑isopropylacrylamide) and Polyisobutylene

Novel amphiphilic conetworks (APCN) consisting of thermoresponsive poly(N-isoproplyacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) cross-linked by hydrophobic methacrylate-telechelic polyisobutylene (MA-PIB-MA) were successfully synthesized in a broad composition range. The resulting PNiPAAm-l-PIB conetworks (“l” stands for “linked by”) were obtained by radical copolymerization of NiPAAm with MA-PIB-MA in tetrahydrofuran, a cosolvent for all the components. Low amounts of extractables substantiated efficient network formation. The composition dependent two glass transition temperatures (Tg) by DSC analysis indicate microphase separation of the cross-linked components without mixed phases. It was found that the PNiPAAm-l-PIB conetworks are uniformly swellable in both water and n-hexane; i.e., these new materials behave either as hydrogels or as hydrophobic gels in aqueous or nonpolar media, respectively. The uniform swelling in both polar and nonpolar solutes indicates cocontinuous (bicontinuous) phase morphology. The equilibrium swelling degrees (R) depend on composition, that is, the higher the PIB content, the lower the R in water and the higher in n-hexane. The PNiPAAm phase keeps its thermoresponsive behavior in the conetworks as shown by significant decrease of the swelling degree in water between 20 and 35 °C. The lower critical solubility temperature (LCST) values determined by DSC are found to decrease from 34.1 °C (for the pure PNiPAAm homopolymer) to the range of 25–28 °C in the conetworks, and the extent of the LCST decrease is proportional with the PIB content. Deswelling-swelling, i.e., heating–cooling, cycle indicates insignificant hysteresis in these new thermoresponsive materials. This indicates that PNiPAAm-l-PIB conetworks with predetermined and thermoresponsive swelling behavior can be designed and utilized in several advanced applications on the basis of results obtained in the course of this study

Фотодинамическая терапия: развитие метода и применение в клинической практике ФГБУ МРНЦ МЗ РФ

This article is dedicated to clinical experience of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in Medical Radiological Research Center. Authors represent the results of treatment in 156 patients with primary untreated tumors of different localizations as follows: basal cell skin cancer (BCSC) in 156 patients, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCCS) in 24 patients, cancer of upper and lower lips in 30 patients. The other group of patients included recurrent and metastatic diseases: recurrent BCSC were in 127 patients, recurrent or continued growth of SCCS – in 27, recurrent or continued growth of lip cancer – in 13, intracutaneous metastases of skin melanoma (62 patients) and breast cancer (46) – in 108. PDT was performed with photosensitizers Photosense (2.0 mg/kg), Photolon (0.9–2.5 mg/kg), and Photoditazine (0.7–0.8 mg/kg). The light irradiation dose was 100–600 J/cm2. After PDT of previously untreated BCSC the complete regression (CR) of tumor lesions was in 96.8% of patients, partial regression (PR) – in 3.2% of patients; for PDT of recurrent BCSC in 76.4% and 23.6%, respectively. After PDT treatment in patients with previously untreated SCCS CR of tumor lesions was achieved in 91.7% of patients, PR – in 8.3% of patients. For treatment of relapses in SCCS CR was achieved in 59.3% of cases, PR – in 33.3%, absence of regression was reported in 7.4% of cases. PDT of intracutaneous metastases of skin melanoma and breast cancer provided positive treatment effect (CR + PR + stabilizing) in 95 and 98% of cases, respectively. CR in primary lip cancer after PDT was reported in 86.0% of patients, PR – in 14.0%. For PDT of recurrent lip cancer CR accounted for 69.2%, PR – 30.8%. Статья посвящена опыту клинического применения фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) в ФГБУ МРНЦ МЗ РФ. Авторами приведены результаты лечения первичных, ранее не леченных злокачественных опухолей различной локализации: базальноклеточного рака кожи (БКРК) у 156 больных, плоскоклеточного рака кожи (ПКРК) – у 24, рака верхней и нижней губы – у 30. Другую группу соста- вили пациенты с рецидивными и метастатическими опухолями: рецидивы БКРК были у 127 больных, рецидивы или продолжен- ный рост ПКРК – у 27, рецидивы или продолженный рост рака губы – у 13, внутрикожные метастазы меланомы (62 больных) и рака молочной железы (46) – у 108. ФДТ проводили с применением фотосенсибилизаторов фотосенс (2,0 мг/кг), фотолон (0,9-2,5 мг/кг), и фотодитазин (0,7–0,8 мг/кг). Доза лазерного облучения составила 100–600 Дж/см2. После ФДТ ранее не леченного БКРК полная регрессия (ПР) опухолевых очагов была зарегистрирована у 96,8% пациентов, частичная регрессия (ЧР) – у 3,2%; после ФДТ рецидивного БКРК – у 76,4% и 23,6% соответственно. После ФДТ больных с ранее не леченным ПКРК ПР была получена у 91,7% пациентов, ЧР – у 8,3%. При лечении рецидивов ПКРК ПР была получена в 59,3% наблюдений, ЧР – в 33,3%, отсутствие эффекта – в 7,4%. Проведение ФДТ внутрикожных метастазов меланомы и рака молочной железы позволило достичь лечебного эффекта (ПР+ЧР+Стабилизация) в 95 и 98% соответственно. ПР после ФДТ ранее не леченного рака губы была зарегистрирована у 86,0% больных, ЧР – у 14,0%. При лечении рецидивного рака губы число ПР составило 69,2%, ЧР – 30,8%.

Angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer remains a significant public health problem, with limited therapeutic options in the setting of castrate-resistant metastatic disease. Angiogenesis inhibition is a relatively novel antineoplastic approach, which targets the reliance of tumor growth on the formation of new blood vessels. This strategy has been used successfully in other solid tumor types, with the FDA approval of anti-angiogenic agents in breast, lung, colon, brain, and kidney cancer. The application of anti-angiogenic therapy to prostate cancer is reviewed in this article, with attention to efficacy and toxicity results from several classes of anti-angiogenic agents. Ultimately, the fate of anti-angiogenic agents in prostate cancer rests on the eagerly anticipated results of several key phase III studies