5 research outputs found
Strong THz and Infrared Optical Forces on a Suspended Single-Layer Graphene Sheet
Single-layer graphene exhibits exceptional
mechanical properties
attractive for optomechanics: it combines low mass density, large
tensile modulus, and low bending stiffness. However, at visible wavelengths,
graphene absorbs weakly and reflects even less, thereby is inadequate
to generate large optical forces needed in optomechanics. Here, we
numerically show that a single-layer graphene sheet is sufficient
to produce strong optical forces under terahertz or infrared illumination.
For a system as simple as graphene suspended atop a uniform substrate,
high reflectivity from the substrate is crucial in creating a standing-wave
pattern, leading to a strong optical force on graphene. This force
is readily tunable in amplitude and direction by adjusting the suspension
height. In particular, repellent optical forces can levitate graphene
to a series of stable equilibrium heights above the substrate. One
of the key parameters to maximize the optical force is the excitation
frequency: peak forces are found near the scattering frequency of
free carriers in graphene. With a dynamically controllable Fermi level,
graphene opens up new possibilities of tunable nanoscale optomechanical
devices
Large Cavity-Optomechanical Coupling with Graphene at Infrared and Terahertz Frequencies
Graphene exhibits many unusual elastic
properties, making it an
intriguing material for mechanical measurement and actuation at the
quantum limit. We theoretically examine the viability of graphene
for cavity optomechanics from near-infrared to terahertz wavelengths,
fully taking into account its large optical absorption and dispersion.
A large optomechanical coupling coefficient, on the same order of
that observed in state-of-the-art optomechanical materials, can be
realized in the mid-infrared spectrum with highly doped graphene,
a high optical quality factor, and optimal positioning of graphene.
Around 100 THz, the dispersive coupling coefficient reaches 180 MHz/nm
and 500 MHz/nm in the resolved and unresolved sideband regimes, respectively.
We find that predominantly dispersive coupling requires a high graphene
Fermi level and mid-infrared excitation, while predominantly dissipative
coupling favors a moderate graphene Fermi level and near-infrared
excitation
Electrical Switching of Infrared Light Using Graphene Integration with Plasmonic Fano Resonant Metasurfaces
Graphene
has emerged as a promising optoelectronic material because
its optical properties can be rapidly and dramatically changed using
electric gating. Graphene’s weak optical response, especially
in the infrared part of the spectrum, remains the key challenge to
developing practical graphene-based optical devices such as modulators,
infrared detectors, and tunable reflect-arrays. Here it is experimentally
and theoretically demonstrated that a plasmonic metasurface with two
Fano resonances can dramatically enhance the interaction of infrared
light with single layer graphene. Graphene’s plasmonic response
in the Pauli blocking regime is shown to cause strong spectral shifts
of the Fano resonances without inducing additional nonradiative losses.
It is shown that such electrically controllable spectral shift, combined
with the narrow spectral width of the metasurface’s Fano resonances,
enables reflectivity modulation by nearly an order of magnitude. We
also demonstrate that metasurface-based enhancement of the interaction
between graphene and infrared light can be utilized to extract one
of the key optical parameters of graphene: the free carrier scattering
rate. Numerical simulations demonstrate the possibility of strong
active modulation of the phase of the reflected light while keeping
the reflectivity nearly constant, thereby paving the way to tunable
infrared lenses and beam steering devices based on electrically controlled
graphene integrated with resonant metasurfaces
Improved Electrical Conductivity of Graphene Films Integrated with Metal Nanowires
Polycrystalline graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition
(CVD)
on metals and transferred onto arbitrary substrates has line defects
and disruptions such as wrinkles, ripples, and folding that adversely
affect graphene transport properties through the scattering of the
charge carriers. It is found that graphene assembled with metal nanowires
(NWs) dramatically decreases the resistance of graphene films. Graphene/NW
films with a sheet resistance comparable to that of the intrinsic
resistance of graphene have been obtained and tested as a transparent
electrode replacing indium tin oxide films in electrochromic (EC)
devices. The successful integration of such graphene/NW films into
EC devices demonstrates their potential for a wide range of optoelectronic
device applications
Contrast between Surface Plasmon Polariton-Mediated Extraordinary Optical Transmission Behavior in Epitaxial and Polycrystalline Ag Films in the Mid- and Far-Infrared Regimes
In this Letter we report a comparative study, in the
infrared regime,
of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation in epitaxially grown
Ag films and in polycrystalline Ag films, all grown on Si substrates.
Plasmonic resonance features are analyzed using extraordinary optical
transmission (EOT) measurements, and SPP band structures for the two
dielectric/metal interfaces are investigated for both types of film.
At the Si/Ag interface, EOT spectra show almost identical features
for epitaxial and polycrystalline Ag films and are characterized by
sharp Fano resonances. On the contrary, at the air/Ag interface, dramatic
differences are observed: while the epitaxial film continues to exhibit
sharp Fano resonances, the polycrystalline film shows only broad spectral
features and much lower transmission intensities. In corroboration
with theoretical simulations, we find that surface roughness plays
a critical role in SPP propagation for this wavelength range