5,574 research outputs found
On the Fictitious Play and Channel Selection Games
Considering the interaction through mutual interference of the different
radio devices, the channel selection (CS) problem in decentralized parallel
multiple access channels can be modeled by strategic-form games. Here, we show
that the CS problem is a potential game (PG) and thus the fictitious play (FP)
converges to a Nash equilibrium (NE) either in pure or mixed strategies. Using
a 2-player 2-channel game, it is shown that convergence in mixed strategies
might lead to cycles of action profiles which lead to individual spectral
efficiencies (SE) which are worse than the SE at the worst NE in mixed and pure
strategies. Finally, exploiting the fact that the CS problem is a PG and an
aggregation game, we present a method to implement FP with local information
and minimum feedback.Comment: In proc. of the IEEE Latin-American Conference on Communications
(LATINCOM), Bogota, Colombia, September, 201
Low-Threshold Electrically Pumps Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Microlasers
Vertical-cavity electrically driven lasers with three GaInAs
quantum wells and diameters of several ÎŒm exhibit room-temperature pulsed current thresholds as low as 1.3mA with 958 nm output wavelength
Room-Temperature Continuous-Wave Vertical-Cavity Single-Quantum-Well Microlaser Diodes
Room-temperature continuous and pulsed lasing of vertical-cavity, single-quantum-well, surface-emitting microlasers is achieved at ~983nm. The active Ga[sub][0-8]In[sub][0-2]As single quantum well is 100 [angstroms] thick. These microlasers have the smallest gain medium volumes among lasers ever built. The entire laser structure is grown by molecular beam epitaxy and the microlasers are formed by chemically assisted ion-beam etching. The microlasers are 3-50-ÎŒm across. The minimum threshold currents are 1.1 mA (pulsed) and 1.5 mA (CW)
Effects of rf Current on Spin Transfer Torque Induced Dynamics
The impact of radiofrequency (rf) currents on the direct current (dc) driven
switching dynamics in current-perpendicular-to-plane nanoscale spin valves is
demonstrated. The rf currents dramatically alter the dc driven free layer
magnetization reversal dynamics as well as the dc switching level. This occurs
when the frequency of the rf current is tuned to a frequency range around the
dc driven magnetization precession frequencies. For these frequencies,
interactions between the dc driven precession and the injected rf induce
frequency locking and frequency pulling effects that lead to a measurable
dependence of the critical switching current on the frequency of the injected
rf. Based on macrospin simulations, including dc as well as rf spin torque
currents, we explain the origin of the observed effects.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Common variants of the TCF7L2 gene are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a UK-resident South Asian population
Background
Recent studies have implicated variants of the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene in genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in several different populations. The aim of this study was to determine whether variants of this gene are also risk factors for type 2 diabetes development in a UK-resident South Asian cohort of Punjabi ancestry.
Methods
We genotyped four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TCF7L2 (rs7901695, rs7903146, rs11196205 and rs12255372) in 831 subjects with diabetes and 437 control subjects.
Results
The minor allele of each variant was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes; the greatest risk of developing the disease was conferred by rs7903146, with an allelic odds ratio (OR) of 1.31 (95% CI: 1.11 â 1.56, p = 1.96 Ă 10-3). For each variant, disease risk associated with homozygosity for the minor allele was greater than that for heterozygotes, with the exception of rs12255372. To determine the effect on the observed associations of including young control subjects in our data set, we reanalysed the data using subsets of the control group defined by different minimum age thresholds. Increasing the minimum age of our control subjects resulted in a corresponding increase in OR for all variants of the gene (p †1.04 Ă 10-7).
Conclusion
Our results support recent findings that TCF7L2 is an important genetic risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in multiple ethnic groups
Spin-current-induced magnetization reversal in magnetic nanowires with constrictions
We have performed experiments on current-induced domain-wall motion sCIDWMd in the case of
the domain walls sDWd trapped within the nanoscale constrictions in patterned NiFe structures.
Direct observation of current-induced magnetization reversal was achieved and critical current
densities jc were measured in the presence of easy-axis magnetic fields. The direction of CIDWM
was found to be along the direction of the electron motion in absence of an applied magnetic field
and in the direction of the field when in the presence of even relatively weak fields. Data for the field
dependence of jc for both uniform and fast rising pulses suggest that the current, regardless of
polarity, assists in the depinning of the DW. Only for the dc case does the data strongly reveal the
influence of the electron pressure in promoting or hindering DW motion
Understanding the influence of surgical parameters on craniofacial surgery outcomes: a computational study
Sagittal craniosynostosis (SC) is a congenital condition whereby the newborn skull develops abnormally owing to the premature ossification of the sagittal suture. Spring-assisted cranioplasty (SAC) is a minimally invasive surgical technique to treat SC, where metallic distractors are used to reshape the newbornâs head. Although safe and effective, SAC outcomes remain uncertain owing to the limited understanding of skullâdistractor interaction and the limited information provided by the analysis of single surgical cases. In this work, an SC population-averaged skull model was created and used to simulate spring insertion by means of the finite-element analysis using a previously developed modelling framework. Surgical parameters were varied to assess the effect of osteotomy and spring positioning, as well as distractor combinations, on the final skull dimensions. Simulation trends were compared with retrospective measurements from clinical imaging (X-ray and three-dimensional photogrammetry scans). It was found that the on-table post-implantation head shape change is more sensitive to spring stiffness than to the other surgical parameters. However, the overall end-of-treatment head shape is more sensitive to spring positioning and osteotomy size parameters. The results of this work suggest that SAC surgical planning should be performed in view of long-term results, rather than immediate on-table reshaping outcomes
Transvaginal ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative assessment of myometrial infiltration in patients with low-grade endometrioid endometrial cancer: A systematic review and head-to-head meta-analysis
Purpose: We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) for detecting myometrial invasion (MI) in patients with low-grade endometrioid endometrial carcinoma.
Methods: A comprehensive search of MEDLINE (Pubmed), Web of Science, Embase and Scopus (from January 1990 to December 2022) was performed for articles comparing TVS and MRI in the evaluation of myometrial infiltration in low-grade (grade 1 or 2) endometrioid endometrial carcinoma in the same group of patients. We used QUADAS-2 tool for assessing the risk of bias of studies.
Results: We found 104 citations in our extensive research. Four articles were ultimately included in the meta-analysis, after excluding 100 reports. All articles were considered low risk of bias in most of the domains assessed in QUADAS-2. We observed that pooled sensitivity and specificity for detecting deep MI were 65% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 54%-75%) and 85% (95% CI = 79%-89%) for MRI, and 71% (95% CI = 63%-78%) and 76% (95% CI = 67%-83%) for TVS, respectively. No statistical differences were found between both imaging techniques (p > 0.05). We observed low heterogeneity for sensitivity and high for specificity regarding TVS; and moderate for both sensitivity and specificity in case of MRI.
Conclusions: The diagnostic performance of TVS and MRI for the evaluation of deep MI in women with low-grade endometrioid endometrial cancer is similar. However, further research is needed as the number of studies is scanty
Vertical cavity lasers for optical interconnects
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers are generating much interest due to their geometric suitability for two-dimensional array fabrication and their potential for achieving ultra-low thresholds. Here we report on optically- and electrically-pumped microlaser devices. having transverse dimensions of a few microns and active material lengths of a few hundred A. The very small volumes are a key factor in achieving low thresholds. So far however surface recombination has prevented us from achieving thresholds much below 1 mA
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