147 research outputs found
Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄-ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
The article presents a methodical approach to assessing the level of development and use of brand equity of HEI, which reflects the relationships and interdependence between the major shares of structural and institutional capital and the possibility of their clear positioning at the educational market.Π£ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΈΡΠΊΡ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄-ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ³.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄-ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³
Developing optimal ventilation system for a pasta production workshop using mathematical model
The more real conditions differ from the rated ones,the greater error is observed when calculating the aerodynamics and air temperature for specific premises. The paper considers a technique for estimating the efficiency of ventilation systems at the stage of choosing design solutions using mathematical simulation exemplified by a pasta production workshop in Magnitogorsk. Two air change circuits with central and local air conditioners to remove heat have been estimated. Mathematical models were built with the boundary conditions preset,which allowed visually estimating the airflow temperature and velocity field distribution for the circuits studied. Based on the simulation results,conclusions have been drawn on the efficiency of the circuits proposed. Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Modeling of the process of spherical form correction for rotors of electrostatically suspended gyros
Improvement of the manufacturing technology for gyroscopic devices, which autonomously generate motion parameters of moving objects, has strategic importance and priority for various industries. The object of current research is a spherical rotor of an electrostatically suspended gyroscope which geometric parameters determine the accuracy characteristics of the device. The paper presents results of the process modeling of spherical form correction for rotors of electrostatically suspended gyroscopes at the stage of its manufacture during the coating deposition process. The proposed mathematical model of the deposition process is based on the placement of a movable screen with a hole
between a rotor and a spray source. The axis of the hole lies on the dynamic axis of the rotor and it provides a formation of a spherical segment on the coating rotor surface. During deposition of an additional layer, the screen or rotor moves along the dynamic axis of the rotor changing the distance between the rotor and the screen, and there is additional rotation of the rotor around its dynamic axis. It allows adjusting the curvature of the formed coating on the rotor surface. An analytical model of the technological process for correcting the shape of spherical rotors of electrostatically suspended gyroscopes has been developed. A mathematical description, control factors and significant parameters of the process are given. The results of practical testing of the developed model are presented. The presented mathematical model makes it possible to correct the shape of the rotors during the deposition of a functional coating expanding the technological possibilities and increasing the accuracy of rotors
Electroanatomic substrate of atrial fibrillation in patients after COVID-19
Aim. To determine the features of left atrial electroanatomic structure and the arrhythmia substrate in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods. The pilot study included 20 patients with AF who underwent catheter radiofrequency ablation. Ten patients had COVID-19 and 10 patients were included as a control group. AF substrate was identified using anatomic and bipolar mapping. Zones with following amplitudes were analyzed: <0,25 mV, <0,5 mV, from 0,5 to 0,75 mV inclusive, and >0,75 mV. Left atrial volume was determined based on anatomic map.Results. The groups were homogeneous in AF type, number of patients after prior pulmonary vein isolation, and heart rate during mapping. In the COVID-19 group, there was a higher area of fibrous zones with an amplitude of <0,25 mV (51,5Β±16,6% vs 29,1Β±16,1% in the control group, p=0,007), <0,5 mV (76,7Β±11,5% vs 45,6Β±22,7% in the control group, p=0,001) and a lower area of intact myocardium with an amplitude >0,75 mV (11,6Β±8,0% vs 45,0Β±25,0% in the control group, p=0,001). In 7 COVID-19 patients, the posterior wall was isolated due to low-amplitude zones. Of these, three patients underwent surgery for the first time. According to ROC analysis, in patients after COVID-19, fibrous tissue (<0,5 mV) occupies more than half of the area, while normal tissue (>0,75 mV) β ~30% or less.Conclusion. This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause left atrial remodeling in the form of diffuse fibrosis. The arrhythmia substrate in patients after COVID-19 can be localized not only in pulmonary vein mouths, but also in other left atrial areas. This must be taken into account before ablation, even if the procedure is being performed for the first time. It is recommended to perform amplitude mapping for all patients who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to identify fibrous zones and plan the operation extent
Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism is not a strong risk factor for diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy in Type I diabetes: case-control study
BACKGROUND: The gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been proposed as a candidate gene for vascular complications in Type I diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the influence of three-allelic variations in the APOE gene for the development of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. RESULTS: Neither APOE alleles frequencies or APOE genotypes frequencies differed between Type I diabetic groups either with or without nephropathy. Similar results were found for patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: APOE gene polymorphism does not determine genetic susceptibility for the development of diabetic retinopathy in Type I diabetes patients. Association between APOE gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy may be weak or moderate, but not strong
The comparison of 2D and 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography values in young athletes
Objective: to analyze the parameters of 2D and 3D transthoracic echocardiography (TEE) with speckle-tracking technology in young athletes. Materials and methods: 79 athletes (52 male, 27 female, median age 20,5Β±3,7 years) undergone prospective analysis. Participants were divided into groups by level of training (group A-professionals and group B-amateurs) and by gender (group 1-men and group 2-women). Athletes underwent 12-lead ECG, 2D TTE and 3D TTE with a speckle-tracking. The evaluation of LV function was performed using the speckle-tracking method with the assessment of LV longitudinal strain in the Automated Function Imaging mode. Results: significant differences in LDV (
ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ (ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ)
In the era of personalized treatment, oncologists are striving to tailor medical treatment to the characteristics of the individual patient, emphasizing the importance of a continuous search for accurate biomarkers. Prognostic biomarkers reflect the intricate underlying biology that enables cancer to progress. Intratumoural heterogeneity includes genetic, epigenetic and functional heterogeneity. Genetic intratumour heterogeneity is a consequence of clonal evolution and a cause of desease progression. Herewith specific mutations are associated with particular stages of tumour development, correlates with specific histopathological disease stages. Many patients with prostate cancer have disease recurrence after resection of the tumor despite adjuvant therapy, while some patients dont have a relapse despite the absence of treatment. So the reassessment of the current criteria and better prognostic and predictive biomarkers for the selection of patients who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy are urgently needed. A prognostic biomarker reflects the natural history of the tumor and provides information on the likely outcome and prognosis, independent of a specific treatment. Predictive biomarkers indicate the sensitivity or resistance of the tumor to a given treatment. Some markers can be both prognostic and predictive. Gene mutations and epigenetic changes that modify the intracellular signaling pathways may be important factors in oncogenesis. In this context, oncogenes, genes-tumor suppressors and miRNAs have attracted attention as potential biomarkers and regulators of oncogenesis and evaluate in clinical trials.Π ΡΠΏΠΎΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡΡΡ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ, ΡΠΏΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ² Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ Π±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΎΡ Π°Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π΅ Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°. Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Ρ, Π³Π΅Π½Ρ-ΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ ΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Secretory phospholipase A2: a biomarker of inflammation in autoimmune, bacterial and viral diseases
Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2) represent a large superfamily of enzymes with a molecular weight of 14-19 kDa, including 15 groups and more than 30 isoforms belonging to four types: secretory (sPLA2), cytosolic (cPLA2), calcium-independent (iPLA2) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2, PAF-AH). Eleven species of secretory sPLA2s (IB, IIA, IIC, IID, IIE, IIF, III, V, X, XIIA, and XIIB) have been found in mammals, performing versatile functions and participating in the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases. On the one hand, sPLA2 may promote elimination of damaged, apoptotic cells by hydrolyzing membrane phospholipids, and exerts a strong bactericidal and antiviral properties, including pronounced effects against antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. In this regard, the use of sPLA2 may represent a new strategy for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections. Moreover, due to the action of sPLA2 on its substrates, a number of biologically active molecules (arachidonic, lysophosphatidic acids, lysophospholipids, fatty acids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes) are formed, which provide strong inflammatory, detergent, coagulating effects and increase vascular permeability. This pro-inflammatory role of sPLA2 may explain its increase levels and activity in cardiovascular, respiratory, autoimmune, metabolic, oncological, bacterial and viral disorders. The review article presents a classification of sPLA2 isoforms, their substrates, regulatory factors, biological significance, and mechanisms of their strong bactericidal, virucidal, and pro-inflammatory activity in the heart and lung disorders, autoimmune, metabolic, bacterial, and viral diseases. In particular, the mechanisms of the selective action of sPLA2 against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms are discussed. We consider diagnostic and prognostic significance, correlations between elevated levels and activity of sPLA2 and distinct clinical symptoms, severity and outcome in the patients with coronary heart disease (CAD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), atherosclerosis, acute inflammatory lung injury (ALI), respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma, bacterial infections, septicemia and viral (COVID-19) infections. The opportunity of using sPLA2 as a biomarker of the severity and outcome of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bacterial infections, sepsis and viral infections, including COVID-19, is also considered
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° in vitro Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π° (ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅)
The objective: to study in vitro adsorption properties of various devices for selective lipopolysaccharide (LPS) adsorption.Subjects and Methods: Various methods of closed circuit circulating bovine serum endotoxin solutions were used. The serum was perfused using an LPS sorption device for 240 min. Serum samples were collected before the start of perfusion, and 30, 60, 120, 150, and 240 minutes after the start of circulation. LPS concentrations were measured by the turbidimetric method. One column for polymyxin hemoperfusion and three devices for selective adsorption of lipopolysaccharides were assessed.Results: When using the device for polymyxin hemoperfusion, the concentration of endotoxin in bovine serum decreased by 61% during 120 minutes, and in 120 minutes after additional administration of endotoxin, it went down by 57%. When using the other three devices, these parameters made 9% and 6%, 10% and 8%, 5% and 10%, respectively. Conclusion. By definition, an in vitro study cannot provide for complex pathophysiological reactions occurring in the body during sepsis. Π’his fact leads to limitations in extrapolating the results obtained to clinical practice.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ in vitro Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π° (ΠΠΠ‘).ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π² Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅. Π‘ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠΠ‘-ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 240 ΠΌΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 30, 60, 120, 150 ΠΈ 240 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠΠ‘.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 120 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° 61%, ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· 120 ΠΌΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° β 57%. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 9 ΠΈ 6%, 10 ΠΈ 8%, 5 ΠΈ 10% ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ in vitro ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡ
The changing pattern of human brucellosis: clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and treatment outcomes over three decades in Georgia
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Brucellosis is an endemic infection in Georgia. We conducted a review of patient records with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of brucellosis over three decades at the central referral hospital for brucellosis cases, the Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (IPTM) in Tbilisi. The purpose was to describe the demographic profile and clinical characteristics as well as diagnostic and treatment strategies in patients with brucellosis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Data were abstracted from randomly selected patient records at the IPTM. In total, 300 records were reviewed from three time periods: 1970-73, 1988-89, and 2004-2008.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The age distribution of patients shifted from a median age of 40 years in the first time period to 20 years in the third time period. Azeri ethnicity was an increasing proportion of the total number of cases. The frequency of relapsed infection was 14.7% (44 cases). A total of 50 patients received vaccine therapy, and although the vaccine produced immune responses, demonstrated by an increase in agglutination titers, it was not associated with improved outcome.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The demographics of brucellosis in Georgia fit a profile of persons that tend sheep. Osteoarticular complications were commonly detected, especially in children. The changing pattern of brucellosis in Georgia suggests clinicians should be updated about different trends in brucellosis in their country.</p
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