AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN REFRACTION AND ACCOMMODATION IN JUNIOR SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN

The myopia incidence in children and teenagers for the last 10 years increased by 1.5 times, the most widely spread it received among graduates of lyceums and gymnasiums (50%).Purpose. To reveal the dynamics of changes in refraction, accommodation and viscoelastic properties of the cornea in schoolchildren within 3 years.Material and methods. The dynamics of myopia progression was investigated in 323 children (182 children with emmetropia and 141 – with myopia). The examined children were divided into 2 groups: the group 1 included children with emmetropia; the group 2 – children with mild to moderate myopia (mean spherical equivalent: -1.65±1.07D) aged from 7 to 12 years (mean age: 8.52±1.00). The period of follow-up was 3 years. The study carried out an estimation of axial length (AL), refraction, accommodation.Results. During 3 year follow-up the axial length steadily increased: within the first year – most intensively in the group 2, in the second and third years – in both groups. In the examination of refraction of the eye a gradual increase in the quantity of myopic children was noted in the group 1 with the initial emmetropia, reaching to the end of the 3rd year 82 children (34.7%). During the study, lower indices of reserve of relative accommodation were detected in the group 2 that remained during the entire period of follow-up.Conclusions. 1. Children with myopia have lower reserves of relative accommodation compared with healthy pupils. 2. Children with myopia have a higher gradient of AL growth compared with children of the same age group with the initial emmetropia. 3. The increase of myopia in 8-year schoolchildren is related to the intensive visual load, provoking habituallyexcessive accommodation tension

The x-rey structure analysis of hard alloys on the polycarbide basis

Проведено рентгеноструктурний аналіз та встановлено фазовий склад твердих сплавів на основі TiC-VC-NbC-WC з Ni-Cr зв’язкою, отриманих за різними технологіями, в залежності від хімічного складу та технологічних параметрів.The X-ray structure analysis was carried out and the phase composition of hard alloys on the basis of TiC-VC-NbC-WC with Ni-Cr binder obtained with the help of different technologies, in dependence on chemical composition and technological parameters was determined

The laser technologies of targeted opening of blood-brain barrier for drug brain delivery

Here we show the photodynamic treatmen

Ретикулярные тромбоциты – новый фактор риска атеротромбоза?

In this review we described the properties of reticulated platelets (RP) and showed how variations of their content might influence platelet activity, efficacy of antiplatelet drugs and the rate of thrombotic events in patients with cardiovascular diseases. RP represent a minor platelet fraction containing residual RNA from megakaryocytes. Platelets have no nucleus and do not synthesize RNA de novo, and RNA of megakaryocytic origin is destroyed during their circulation. That is why only recently produced “young” platelets contain RNA. In healthy donors RP are identified by staining with the RNA specific fluorescent dyes by flow cytofluorimetry or using standard protocols in modern flow haematological analyzers. RP content in blood reflects the level of thrombocytopoesis in the bone marrow. RP on average amounted from 3 to 10% of all platelets in the circulation depending on the method applied for their determination. RP absolute amount and/or their percentage is changed in haematological diseases associated with the alterations of megakaryocyte productive properties. RT measurements in patients with cardiovascular diseases have shown that their content is increased in acute coronary syndrome patients. RP are larger and functionally more active in comparison with not reticulated forms. They more frequently incorporate into the platelet aggregates and contain more intracellular granules. Increase of RT content in the circulation correlates with the increase of the average size and functional activity in the whole platelet population. High RP content in patients with cardiovascular diseases reduces antiaggregative effects of aspirin and P2Y12 APD receptor antagonists and increases the risk of atherothrombotic events.В обзоре рассмотрены свойства ретикулярных тромбоцитов (РТ) и показано, как как вариации их содержания могут влиять на активность тромбоцитов, действие антитромбоцитарных препаратов и частоту тромбозов у больных сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями (ССЗ). РТ представляют собой минорную фракцию тромбоцитов, содержащих остаточную РНК из мегакариоцитов. Тромбоциты не имеют ядра и не синтезируют РНК de novo, а РНК мегакариоцитарного происхождения разрушается в процессе их циркуляции в кровотоке. В связи с этим РНК содержит только недавно образовавшиеся, «молодые» тромбоциты. РТ определяют по окраске РНК специфическими флуоресцентными красителями с помощью проточной цитофлуориметрии или используя стандартные протоколы в современных проточных гематологических анализаторах. Содержание в крови РТ отражает уровень тромбоцитопоэза в костном мозге. У здоровых лиц, в зависимости от способа определения, РТ составляют в среднем от 3 до 10% всех циркулирующих тромбоцитов. Абсолютное количество и/или процентное содержание РТ изменяется при гематологических патологиях, ассоциированных с изменениями продуктивных свойств мегакариоцитов. Измерения РТ у больных с ССЗ показали, что их содержание повышено у больных с острым коронарным синдромом. РТ крупнее и функционально более активны, чем неретикулярные формы. Они чаще включаются в состав агрегатов и содержат больше внутриклеточных гранул. Увеличение количества РТ в кровотоке коррелирует с увеличением среднего размера и функциональной активности в общей популяции тромбоцитов. Повышенное содержание РТ у больных с ССЗ снижает антиагрегационное действие аспирина и антагонистов P2Y12 рецепторов АДФ и увеличивает риск атеротромботических событий

Enhancing preschoolers' executive functions through embedding cognitive activities in shared book reading

Given evidence that early executive functioning sets the stage for a broad range of subsequent outcomes, researchers have sought to identify ways to foster these cognitive capacities. An increasingly common approach involves computerized ‘brain training’ programs, yet there are questions about whether these are well suited for fostering the early development of executive functions (EFs). The current series of studies sought to design, develop, and provide evidence for the efficacy of embedding cognitive activities in a commonplace activity – shared reading of a children’s book. The book, Quincey Quokka’s Quest, required children to control their thinking and behaviour to help the story’s main character through a series of obstacles. The first study investigated effects of reading with embedded cognitive activities in individual and group contexts on young children’s executive functions (EFs). The second study compared reading with embedded cognitive activities against a more-active control condition (dialogic reading) that similarly engaged children in the reading process yet lacked clear engagement of EFs. The third study sought to investigate whether the effect of reading the story with embedded EF activities changed across differing doses of the intervention and whether effects persisted 2 months post-intervention. Findings provide converging evidence of intervention effects on working memory and shifting in as little as 3 weeks (compared to more traditional reading) and maintenance of these gains 2 months later. This suggests the efficacy of embedding cognitive activities in the context of everyday activities, thereby extending the range of users and contexts in which this approach can be used

Play at work, learning and innovation

Suggesting a virtuous triangle constituting public service innovation of new governances, innovation and learning, the paper examines how and why a particular mode of learning occurs: that of play. Having identified an absence of research literature on play as a catalyst for new ideas in public services, the paper argues that the diversified nature of public services and disciplinary intermixing offers fertile ground for playing with new service ideas. Our conception of play avoids functional interpretations, such as Amabile or individualizing the results of play and instead draws upon Vygotsky’s social learning theory to conceptualize play as a group activity from which new ideas emerge and suggest a new framework for understanding purposive play at work and the contribution it can make to public service innovation

ПИЛОТНЫЙ ПРОЕКТ «РАЗВИТИЕ СИСТЕМЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ». ПРОТОКОЛ ВТОРОЙ ФАЗЫ

The Pilot project «Development of medical rehabilitation system in Russian Federation» is the large Russian project which is intended to transform system of rehabilitation care for patients with stroke, heart attack, and after total hip arthroplasty. The present article is the second one in the series of publications of the Project’s protocol. The publication shows the criteria of translation from 1 to 2 stages of rehabilitation and from 2 to 3 stages for all three profiles of the project. Working peculiarities of the second phase of the project are prescribed which realizes the new model of rehabilitation with assessment according to the ICF, determination of rehabilitation diagnosis, work in multidistsiplinary team and the introduction of a new speciality – ergotherapy. Пилотный проект «Развитие системы медицинской реабилитации в Российской федерации» – большой всероссийский проект, призванный преобразовать систему оказания реабилитационной помощи больным с инсультом, инфарктом и после эндопротезирования тазобедренного сустава. Данная статья является второй в серии публикаций протокола Проекта. В данной публикации приведены критерии перевода с 1-го на 2-й этапы реабилитации и со 2-го на 3-й по всем трем профилям проекта. Прописаны особенности работы во 2-й фазе проекта, где реализована новая модель реабилитации с оценкой по МКФ, установкой реабилитационного диагноза, работой в мультидисциплинарной команде и введением новой специальности – эрготерапии