3,591 research outputs found
A Quantum Adiabatic Evolution Algorithm Applied to Random Instances of an NP-Complete Problem
A quantum system will stay near its instantaneous ground state if the
Hamiltonian that governs its evolution varies slowly enough. This quantum
adiabatic behavior is the basis of a new class of algorithms for quantum
computing. We test one such algorithm by applying it to randomly generated,
hard, instances of an NP-complete problem. For the small examples that we can
simulate, the quantum adiabatic algorithm works well, and provides evidence
that quantum computers (if large ones can be built) may be able to outperform
ordinary computers on hard sets of instances of NP-complete problems.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, email correspondence to [email protected] ; a
shorter version of this article appeared in the April 20, 2001 issue of
Science; see http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/292/5516/47
Venus Interior Structure Mission (VISM): Establishing a Seismic Network on Venus
Magellan radar data show the surface of Venus to contain a wide range of geologic features (large volcanoes, extensive rift valleys, etc.). Although networks of interconnecting zones of deformation are identified, a system of spreading ridges and subduction zones like those that dominate the tectonic style of the Earth do not appear to be present. In addition, the absence of a mantle low-viscosity zone suggests a strong link between mantle dynamics and the surface. As a natural follow-on to the Magellan mission, establishing a network of seismometers on Venus will provide detailed quantitative information on the large scale interior structure of the planet. When analyzed in conjunction with image, gravity, and topography information, these data will aid in constraining mechanisms that drive surface deformation
Aging dynamics in reentrant ferromagnet: CuCoCl-FeCl graphite bi-intercalation compound
Aging dynamics of a reentrant ferromagnet
CuCoCl-FeCl graphite bi-intercalation compound has
been studied using AC and DC magnetic susceptibility. This compound undergoes
successive transitions at the transition temperatures ( K) and
( K). The relaxation rate exhibits a characteristic
peak at close to a wait time below , indicating that
the aging phenomena occur in both the reentrant spin glass (RSG) phase below
and the ferromagnetic (FM) phase between and . The
relaxation rate () in the FM phase
exhibits two peaks around and a time much shorter than under
the positive -shift aging, indicating a partial rejuvenation of domains. The
aging state in the FM phase is fragile against a weak magnetic-field
perturbation. The time () dependence of around is well approximated by a stretched exponential relaxation:
. The exponent depends on
, , and . The relaxation time () exhibits a
local maximum around 5 K, reflecting a chaotic nature of the FM phase. It
drastically increases with decreasing temperature below .Comment: 16 pages,16 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Power-to-gas and power-to-liquid for managing renewable electricity intermittency in the Alpine Region
Large-scale deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) plays a central role in reducing CO2 emissions from energy supply systems, but intermittency from solar and wind technologies presents integration challenges. High temperature co-electrolysis of steam and CO2 in power-to-gas (PtG) and power-to-liquid (PtL) configurations could utilize excess intermittent electricity by converting it into chemical fuels. These can then be directly consumed in other sectors, such as transportation and heating, or used as power storage. Here, we investigate the impact of carbon policy and fossil fuel prices on the economic and engineering potential of PtG and PtL systems as storage for intermittent renewable electricity and as a source of low-carbon heating and transportation energy in the Alpine region. We employ a spatially and temporally explicit optimization approach of RES, PtG, PtL and fossil technologies in the electricity, heating, and transportation sectors, using the BeWhere model. Results indicate that large-scale deployment of PtG and PtL technologies for producing chemical fuels from excess intermittent electricity is feasible, particularly when incentivized by carbon prices. Depending on carbon and fossil fuel price, 0.15−15 million tonnes/year of captured CO2 can be used in the synthesis of the chemical fuels, displacing up to 11% of current fossil fuel use in transportation. By providing a physical link between the electricity, transportation, and heating sectors, PtG and PtL technologies can enable greater integration of RES into the energy supply chain globally
ArchEnemy: Removing scattered-light glitches from gravitational wave data
Data recorded by gravitational wave detectors includes many non-astrophysical
transient noise bursts, the most common of which is caused by scattered-light
within the detectors. These so-called ``glitches'' in the data impact the
ability to both observe and characterize incoming gravitational wave signals.
In this work we use a scattered-light glitch waveform model to identify and
characterize scattered-light glitches in a representative stretch of
gravitational wave data. We identify scattered-light glitches in
days of LIGO-Hanford data and glitches in days of LIGO-Livingston
data taken from the third LIGO-Virgo observing run. By subtracting identified
scattered-light glitches we demonstrate an increase in the sensitive volume of
the gravitational wave search for binary black hole signals by .Comment: 30 pages + acknowledgements and references, 13 figure
Scaling Law and Aging Phenomena in the Random Energy Model
We study the effect of temperature shift on aging phenomena in the Random
Energy Model (REM). From calculation on the correlation function and simulation
on the Zero-Field-Cooled magnetization, we find that the REM satisfies a
scaling relation even if temperature is shifted. Furthermore, this scaling
property naturally leads to results obtained in experiment and the droplet
theory.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, to be submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jp
Surface x-ray-diffraction study of the Rh(111)+(2×2)−3CO structure
We have studied the geometry of the high-coverage Rh(111)+(2×2)−3CO structure by surface x-ray diffraction. Analysis of the in-plane data set reveals three evenly separated CO molecules per (2×2) unit cell. The evaluation of the crystal truncation rods shows that one CO molecule resides in an on-top site while the other two CO molecules occupy hollow sites. The intensity modulations of the out-of-plane fractional order rods provide geometrical information about distances between the C and O atoms and on the buckling of the CO overlayer
Progress report of the third Generation ECR ion source fabrication
Recent progress in the construction of the 3rd Generation ECR ion source at the 88" cyclotron in Berkeley is reported. Test results of a full scale prototype superconducting magnet structure, which has been described in the last ECR Ion Source Workshop, lead to an improved coil design for the 3rd Generation ECR ion source. Solenoids of the new design have been fabricated and exceeded the design field values without quench. The new sextupole coils are currently being wound and will be tested this summer. This magnet structure consists of three solenoids and six race track coils with iron poles forming the sextupole. It is described in the report along with the structural support and coil winding specifications. The coils are designed to generate a 4T axial mirror field at injection and 3T at extraction and a radial sextupole field of 2.4 T at the plasma chamber wall. The high axial magnetic field of the 3rd Generation ECR ion source influences ion beam extraction considerably and we have initiated simulations of the extraction and beam transport system in order to enhance transmission through the injection beam line of the 88" cyclotron
Unified Behavior of Alkali Core-Level Binding-Energy Shifts Induced by sp Metals
Thin overlayers of Na, K, Rb, and Cs on different sp-metal substrates have been investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy. The alkali core levels show clearly resolved binding-energy shifts between the surface layer, the intermediate layer(s), and the interface layer. The magnitude of these shifts depends on sp metal and on alkali metal. The layer-resolved core-level binding-energy shifts are well reproduced by models based on a thermodynamical description. For three-layer alkali films the core-level binding energy of the intermediate layer is found to exhibit a small but significant shift between different sp-metal substrates. A simple relationship between the core-level binding-energy shift for the interface layer and the difference in rs value between the sp substrate and the adsorbate is shown to exist
Numerical Study on Aging Dynamics in the 3D Ising Spin-Glass Model. II. Quasi-Equilibrium Regime of Spin Auto-Correlation Function
Using Monte Carlo simulations, we have studied isothermal aging of
three-dimensional Ising spin-glass model focusing on quasi-equilibrium behavior
of the spin auto-correlation function. Weak violation of the time translational
invariance in the quasi-equilibrium regime is analyzed in terms of {\it
effective stiffness} for droplet excitations in the presence of domain walls.
Within the range of computational time window, we have confirmed that the
effective stiffness follows the expected scaling behavior with respect to the
characteristic length scales associated with droplet excitations and domain
walls, whose growth law has been extracted from our simulated data. Implication
of the results are discussed in relation to experimental works on ac
susceptibilities.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figure
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