1,860 research outputs found
Phase diagram of an Ising model for ultrathin magnetic films
We study the critical properties of a two--dimensional Ising model with
competing ferromagnetic exchange and dipolar interactions, which models an
ultra-thin magnetic film with high out--of--plane anisotropy in the monolayer
limit. In this work we present a detailed calculation of the phase
diagram, being the ratio between exchange and dipolar interactions
intensities. We compare the results of both mean field approximation and Monte
Carlo numerical simulations in the region of low values of ,
identifying the presence of a recently detected phase with nematic order in
different parts of the phase diagram, besides the well known striped and
tetragonal liquid phases. A remarkable qualitative difference between both
calculations is the absence, in this region of the Monte Carlo phase diagram,
of the temperature dependency of the equilibrium stripe width predicted by the
mean field approximation. We also detected the presence of an increasing number
of metastable striped states as the value of increases.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
Thermodynamics from a scaling Hamiltonian
There are problems with defining the thermodynamic limit of systems with
long-range interactions; as a result, the thermodynamic behavior of these types
of systems is anomalous. In the present work, we review some concepts from both
extensive and nonextensive thermodynamic perspectives. We use a model, whose
Hamiltonian takes into account spins ferromagnetically coupled in a chain via a
power law that decays at large interparticle distance as for
. Here, we review old nonextensive scaling. In addition, we
propose a new Hamiltonian scaled by that
explicitly includes symmetry of the lattice and dependence on the size, , of
the system. The new approach enabled us to improve upon previous results. A
numerical test is conducted through Monte Carlo simulations. In the model,
periodic boundary conditions are adopted to eliminate surface effects.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, submitted for publication to Phys. Rev.
Pattern formation in the dipolar Ising model on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice
We present Monte Carlo simulation results for a two-dimensional Ising model
with ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor couplings and a competing long-range
dipolar interaction on a honeycomb lattice. Both structural and thermodynamic
properties are very similar to the case of a square lattice, with the exception
that structures reflect the sixfold rotational symmetry of the underlying
honeycomb lattice. To deal with the long-range nature of the dipolar
interaction we also present a simple method of evaluating effective interaction
coefficients, which can be regarded as a more straightforward alternative to
the prevalent Ewald summation techniques.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Anisotropy-based mechanism for zigzag striped patterns in magnetic thin films
In this work we studied a two dimensional ferromagnetic system using Monte
Carlo simulations. Our model includes exchange and dipolar interactions, a
cubic anisotropy term, and uniaxial out-of-plane and in-plane ones. According
to the set of parameters chosen, the model including uniaxial out-of-plane
anisotropy has a ground-state which consists of a canted state with stripes of
opposite out-of-plane magnetization. When the cubic anisotropy is introduced
zigzag patterns appear in the stripes at fields close to the remanence. An
analysis of the anisotropy terms of the model shows that this configuration is
related to specific values of the ratio between the cubic and the effective
uniaxial anisotropy. The mechanism behind this effect is related to particular
features of the anisotropy's energy landscape, since a global minima transition
as a function of the applied field is required in the anisotropy terms. This
new mechanism for zigzags formation could be present in monocrystal
ferromagnetic thin films in a given range of thicknesses.Comment: 910 pages, 10 figure
The exchange bias phenomenon in uncompensated interfaces: Theory and Monte Carlo simulations
We performed Monte Carlo simulations in a bilayer system composed by two thin
films, one ferromagnetic (FM) and the other antiferromagnetic (AFM). Two
lattice structures for the films were considered: simple cubic (sc) and a body
center cubic (bcc). In both lattices structures we imposed an uncompensated
interfacial spin structure, in particular we emulated a FeF2-FM system in the
case of the (bcc) lattice. Our analysis focused on the incidence of the
interfacial strength interactions between the films J_eb and the effect of
thermal fluctuations on the bias field H_EB. We first performed Monte Carlo
simulations on a microscopic model based on classical Heisenberg spin
variables. To analyze the simulation results we also introduced a simplified
model that assumes coherent rotation of spins located on the same layer
parallel to the interface. We found that, depending on the AFM film anisotropy
to exchange ratio, the bias field is either controlled by the intrinsic pinning
of a domain wall parallel to the interface or by the stability of the first AFM
layer (quasi domain wall) near the interface.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figure
Evidence of exactness of the mean field theory in the nonextensive regime of long-range spin models
The q-state Potts model with long-range interactions that decay as 1/r^alpha
subjected to an uniform magnetic field on d-dimensional lattices is analized
for different values of q in the nonextensive regime (alpha between 0 and d).
We also consider the two dimensional antiferromagnetic Ising model with the
same type of interactions. The mean field solution and Monte Carlo calculations
for the equations of state for these models are compared. We show that, using a
derived scaling which properly describes the nonextensive thermodynamic
behaviour, both types of calculations show an excellent agreement in all the
cases here considered, except for alpha=d. These results allow us to extend to
nonextensive magnetic models a previous conjecture which states that the mean
field theory is exact for the Ising one.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Clifford-Finsler Algebroids and Nonholonomic Einstein-Dirac Structures
We propose a new framework for constructing geometric and physical models on
nonholonomic manifolds provided both with Clifford -- Lie algebroid symmetry
and nonlinear connection structure. Explicit parametrizations of generic
off-diagonal metrics and linear and nonlinear connections define different
types of Finsler, Lagrange and/or Riemann-Cartan spaces. A generalization to
spinor fields and Dirac operators on nonholonomic manifolds motivates the
theory of Clifford algebroids defined as Clifford bundles, in general, enabled
with nonintegrable distributions defining the nonlinear connection. In this
work, we elaborate the algebroid spinor differential geometry and formulate the
(scalar, Proca, graviton, spinor and gauge) field equations on Lie algebroids.
The paper communicates new developments in geometrical formulation of physical
theories and this approach is grounded on a number of previous examples when
exact solutions with generic off-diagonal metrics and generalized symmetries in
modern gravity define nonholonomic spacetime manifolds with uncompactified
extra dimensions.Comment: The manuscript was substantially modified following recommendations
of JMP referee. The former Chapter 2 and Appendix were elliminated. The
Introduction and Conclusion sections were modifie
Homologous self-organising scale-invariant properties characterise long range species spread and cancer invasion
The invariance of some system properties over a range of temporal and/or spatial scales is an attribute of many processes in nature1, often characterised by power law functions and fractal geometry2. In particular, there is growing consensus in that fat-tailed functions like the power law adequately describe long-distance dispersal (LDD) spread of organisms 3,4. Here we show that the spatial spread of individuals governed by a power law dispersal function is represented by a clear and unique signature, characterised by two properties: A fractal geometry of the boundaries of patches generated by dispersal with a fractal dimension D displaying universal features, and a disrupted patch size distribution characterised by two different power laws. Analysing patterns obtained by simulations and real patterns from species dispersal and cell spread in cancer invasion we show that both pattern properties are a direct result of LDD and localised dispersal and recruitment, reflecting population self-organisation
Intrinsic point defects in silica for fiber optics applications
Due to its unique properties, amorphous silicon dioxide (a-SiO2 ) or silica is a key material in many technological fields, such as high-power laser systems, telecommunications, and fiber optics. In recent years, major efforts have been made in the development of highly transparent glasses, able to resist ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. However the widespread application of many silica-based technologies, particularly silica optical fibers, is still limited by the radiation-induced formation of point defects, which decrease their durability and transmission efficiency. Although this aspect has been widely investigated, the optical properties of certain defects and the correlation between their formation dynamics and the structure of the pristine glass remains an open issue. For this reason, it is of paramount importance to gain a deeper understanding of the structure–reactivity relationship in a-SiO2 for the prediction of the optical properties of a glass based on its manufacturing parameters, and the realization of more efficient devices. To this end, we here report on the state of the most important intrinsic point defects in pure silica, with a particular emphasis on their main spectroscopic features, their atomic structure, and the effects of their presence on the transmission properties of optical fibers
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