Control Strategies for Hybrid Vehicles in Mountainous Areas

AbstractThis paper presents control strategies for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) aiming at fuel and battery consumption reduction in real life conditions. For years, car manufacturers have modeled and simulated control strategies using standardized driving cycles based on theoretical speed values such as the NEDC in Europe, leaving important external parameters out of the equation. Establishing driving cycles made out of GPS acquisitions and segmenting them into road sections, classified in different categories depending on the input parameters, including slope, allows the creation of logic rules defining the driving mode to adopt in each situation. Using Fuzzy Logic, those rules can be interpreted and used to adapt the control strategy to road conditions, resulting in many strategies covering every kind of road segment and offering different opportunities of energy savings

Conception of a Reliable Low Cost and Autonomous Explorative Hovercraft

The paper presents actual benefits and drawbacks of a multidirectional autonomous hovercraft conceived with limited resources and designed for indoor exploration. Recent developments in the field have led to the apparition of very powerful automotive systems capable of very high calculation and exploration in complex unknown environments. They usually propose very complex algorithms, high precision/cost sensors and sometimes have heavy calculation consumption with complex data fusion. These systems are usually powerful but have a certain price, and the benefits may not be worth the cost, especially considering their hardware limitations and their power consumption. The present approach is to build a compromise between cost, power consumption and results preciseness

Conception of a Reliable Low Cost and Autonomous Explorative Hovercraft

The paper presents actual benefits and drawbacks of a multidirectional autonomous hovercraft conceived with limited resources and designed for indoor exploration. Recent developments in the field have led to the apparition of very powerful automotive systems capable of very high calculation and exploration in complex unknown environments. They usually propose very complex algorithms, high precision/cost sensors and sometimes have heavy calculation consumption with complex data fusion. These systems are usually powerful but have a certain price, and the benefits may not be worth the cost, especially considering their hardware limitations and their power consumption. The present approach is to build a compromise between cost, power consumption and results preciseness

Conception of a Reliable Low Cost and Autonomous Explorative Hovercraft

The paper presents actual benefits and drawbacks of a multidirectional autonomous hovercraft conceived with limited resources and designed for indoor exploration. Recent developments in the field have led to the apparition of very powerful automotive systems capable of very high calculation and exploration in complex unknown environments. They usually propose very complex algorithms, high precision/cost sensors and sometimes have heavy calculation consumption with complex data fusion. These systems are usually powerful but have a certain price, and the benefits may not be worth the cost, especially considering their hardware limitations and their power consumption. The present approach is to build a compromise between cost, power consumption and results preciseness

Extension of the IPSL Titan climate model to full three-dimensional GCM

International audienceThe 2-dimensional Climate Model developed for the atmosphere of Titan at the Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace has been very successful to interpret many of the features observed in this complex atmosphere. But in order to take into account the couplings between dynamical, microphysical and photochemical processes, the model was reduced more than ten years ago to an axisymmetric latitude-altitude formulation to save computational time. For that purpose, a specific parameterization was introduced to take into account the non-axisymmetric barotropic waves that were obtained and studied with a 3-dimensional, but uncoupled, previous version of the model. Now that computational power has greatly improved, we are coming back to a full 3-dimensional GCM. This improved version ranges from the surface to roughly 500 km altitude, with an horizontal resolution of 64 longitudes by 48 latitudes. It takes into account the couplings with the microphysics and photochemistry developed for the 2-D model, with 3-D haze and composition. Though, the microphysical evolution of the haze and the photochemistry are still computed only in the altitude-latitude plan, with diurnally, zonally averaged tendencies. Starting with an initial state obtained from the 2-dimensional simulations, the GCM has been run for several Titan years without dramatic changes in the circulation, though analysis and tests are still going on. We will present preliminary analysis of the 3-D circulation obtained, with emphasis on the differences with the 2-D simulations

Extension of the IPSL Titan climate model to full three-dimensional GCM

International audienceThe 2-dimensional Climate Model developed for the atmosphere of Titan at the Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace has been very successful to interpret many of the features observed in this complex atmosphere. But in order to take into account the couplings between dynamical, microphysical and photochemical processes, the model was reduced more than ten years ago to an axisymmetric latitude-altitude formulation to save computational time. For that purpose, a specific parameterization was introduced to take into account the non-axisymmetric barotropic waves that were obtained and studied with a 3-dimensional, but uncoupled, previous version of the model. Now that computational power has greatly improved, we are coming back to a full 3-dimensional GCM. This improved version ranges from the surface to roughly 500 km altitude, with an horizontal resolution of 64 longitudes by 48 latitudes. It takes into account the couplings with the microphysics and photochemistry developed for the 2-D model, with 3-D haze and composition. Though, the microphysical evolution of the haze and the photochemistry are still computed only in the altitude-latitude plan, with diurnally, zonally averaged tendencies. Starting with an initial state obtained from the 2-dimensional simulations, the GCM has been run for several Titan years without dramatic changes in the circulation, though analysis and tests are still going on. We will present preliminary analysis of the 3-D circulation obtained, with emphasis on the differences with the 2-D simulations

Extension of the IPSL Titan climate model to full three-dimensional GCM

International audienceThe 2-dimensional Climate Model developed for the atmosphere of Titan at the Institute Pierre-Simon Laplace has been very successful to interpret many of the features observed in this complex atmosphere. But in order to take into account the couplings between dynamical, microphysical and photochemical processes, the model was reduced more than ten years ago to an axisymmetric latitude-altitude formulation to save computational time. For that purpose, a specific parameterization was introduced to take into account the non-axisymmetric barotropic waves that were obtained and studied with a 3-dimensional, but uncoupled, previous version of the model. Now that computational power has greatly improved, we are coming back to a full 3-dimensional GCM. This improved version ranges from the surface to roughly 500 km altitude, with an horizontal resolution of 64 longitudes by 48 latitudes. It takes into account the couplings with the microphysics and photochemistry developed for the 2-D model, with 3-D haze and composition. Though, the microphysical evolution of the haze and the photochemistry are still computed only in the altitude-latitude plan, with diurnally, zonally averaged tendencies. Starting with an initial state obtained from the 2-dimensional simulations, the GCM has been run for several Titan years without dramatic changes in the circulation, though analysis and tests are still going on. We will present preliminary analysis of the 3-D circulation obtained, with emphasis on the differences with the 2-D simulations

Conception of a Reliable Low Cost and Autonomous Explorative Hovercraft

The paper presents actual benefits and drawbacks of a multidirectional autonomous hovercraft conceived with limited resources and designed for indoor exploration. Recent developments in the field have led to the apparition of very powerful automotive systems capable of very high calculation and exploration in complex unknown environments. They usually propose very complex algorithms, high precision/cost sensors and sometimes have heavy calculation consumption with complex data fusion. These systems are usually powerful but have a certain price, and the benefits may not be worth the cost, especially considering their hardware limitations and their power consumption. The present approach is to build a compromise between cost, power consumption and results preciseness

Dual Origin of Aerosols in Titan's Detached Haze Layer

International audienceWe have analyzed scattered light profiles from the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem, taken at the limb and at several large phase angles. We also used results from an occultation observed by Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph in the ultraviolet. We found that particles responsible for the scattering in the detached haze have an effective radius around 0.15 μm and the aerosol size distribution follows a power law (exponent about -4.5). We discuss these results along with microphysical constraints and thermal equilibrium of the detached haze, and we conclude that only a strong interaction with atmospheric dynamics can explain such a structure

Analyse d'observations de Titan avec VIMS, ISS et le VLT

National audienc