Change in the Location of the Optic Strut Relative to the Anterior Clinoid Process Pneumatization

Objective: This study aimed to peruse the alteration of the position of the optic strut (OS) according to the anterior clinoid process (ACP) pneumatization. Methods: This retrospective study conducted on cone-beam computed tomography images of 400 patients with a mean age of 36.49 +/- 15.91 years. Results: Anterior clinoid process length, width, and angle were measured as 10.56 +/- 2.42 mm, 5.46 +/- 1.31 mm, and 42.56 +/- 14.68 degrees, respectively. The tip of ACP was measured as 6.60 +/- 1.50 mm away from the posterior rim of OS. In the 631 sides (78.87%) did not have ACP pneumatization. In the cases with ACP pneumatization, three different configurations were identified as follows: Type 1 in 71 sides (8.87%), Type 2 in 56 sides (7%), and Type 3 in 42 sides (5.23%). Relative to ACP, the location of OS was determined as follows: Type A in 29 sides (3.64%), Type B in 105 sides (13.12%), Type C in 344 sides (43%), Type D in 289 sides (36.12%), and Type E in 33 sides (4.12%). The spread of data related to the attachment site of OS according to the presence or absence of ACP pneumatization showed that the location of OS was affected by ACP pneumatization (P<0.001). In ACPs with pneumatization, the frequency of OS position relative to ACP was found as follows: Type A in none of sides (0%), Type B in 8 sides (7.6%), Type C in 53 sides (15.4%), Type D in 88 sides (30.4%), and Type E in 20 sides (60.6%). Conclusions: The main finding of this study was that the location of OS relative to ACP was affected by ACP pneumatization. In ACPs with pneumatization, OS was located more posteriorly compared with ACPs without pneumatization

Light intensity and wavelength influence development, reproduction and locomotor activity in the predatory flower bug Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

Citation: Wang, S., Tan, X. L., Michaud, J. P., Zhang, F., & Guo, X. (2013). Light intensity and wavelength influence development, reproduction and locomotor activity in the predatory flower bug Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Retrieved from http://krex.ksu.eduLight wavelength and intensity are physical factors that can affect arthropod development and reproduction. The present study examined the development, reproduction and locomotor activity of the predatory flower bug, Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), under five light intensities (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 lux) and five wavelengths [red (678.5 nm), green (620.0 nm), yellow (581.7 nm), blue (478. 1 nm) and white (all wavelengths)] at constant temperature (25 °C) and RH (70%). The duration of nymphal development was extended at lower light intensities, primarily due to effects on the first three instars. Under white, yellow and green light, O. sauteri completed development in 18.0 d, but blue light extended development by 3.2 d and red light extended it by 7.4 d. Although lower light intensities extended the preoviposition period and reduced fecundity, they improved egg fertility. Both red and blue light negatively affected preoviposition period, fecundity and egg fertility. Whereas adult female mean walking speed over a five min period was reduced at lower light intensities, longer wavelengths (yellow and red) increased it, ostensibly reflecting an avoidance response. The respiration quotient of adult O. sauteri females was also elevated under red light conditions. These findings are informative for optimizing O. sauteri mass-rearing procedures and maximizing its efficacy as a biological control agent in greenhouse cultures

Optimization of Sol–Gel-Formed ZnO:Al Processing Parameters by Observation of Dopant Ion Location Using Solid-State ²⁷Al NMR Spectrometry

We report the discrimination of Al doping sites in sol–gel-formed ZnO powders by solid-state 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. A degree of control of dopant placement is demonstrated by modifying sol precursors and processing parameters. ZnO powders containing 1–8 at. % aluminum ions were prepared from aqueous citrate-amino-alcohol-based gels calcined at 500 °C. The powders were characterized using ²⁷Al NMR spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solid-state ²⁷Al NMR spectrometry clearly distinguished between different Al environments and was effective in determining the relative amounts of incorporation of Al dopant ions into the Zn lattice sites in the zincite structure. This allowed a synthesis protocol to be developed to optimize the doping effectiveness. Relatively minor variations in processing conditions could influence the degree and mode of Al incorporation. Optimal conditions were found to include a 90 °C drying step, followed by placement in a preheated (500 °C) furnace for 1 h. An ethanolamine-containing precursor was shown to perform much better than precursors containing alternative amino alcohols