Application of ERTS-1 data to the protection and management of New Jersey's coastal environment

The author has identified the following significant results. Photomaps, using MSS bands 5 and 7, have been prepared delineating the coastal zone as described in the Coastal Area Facility Review Act before the State Legislature. An upper wetlands boundary overlay has been prepared at 1:500,000 scale. The movement and dispersion of wastes in the New York Bight area are being plotted with each orbit. The possible impact of these wastes on the New Jersey shoreline is being quantified

Application of ERTS-A data to the protection and management of New Jersey's coastal environment

The author has identified the following significant results. Apparent sewage sludge disposal by barge has been detected approximately 12 miles offshore in an area with an approximate radius of 2.5 nautical miles. Verification is underway to determine whether this dumping is within one of the approved dump sites in the Bight. Analysis of all available historical and routine meteorological data in correlation with the observed phenomenon is necessary before final conclusions can be reached with respect to the effects of currents on the disposal of dumped wastes. Four effluent plumes emanating from the shoreline just south of Sandy Hook were observed and are moving in a southerly direction. Another plume is evident north of Barnegat Inlet and is moving almost directly offshore. This suggests that the more northerly plumes are under the influence of the tidal regime around New York Harbor much more than are the plumes further south along the New Jersey coast. Of further interest are what appear to be an internal wave phenomena approximately 75 miles east of the New Jersey coast. This same sort of phenomena has been observed repetitively off the coast of Oregon

Impact of ERTS-1 images on management of New Jersey's coastal zone

The thrust of New Jersey's ERTS investigation is development of procedures for operational use of ERTS-1 data by the Department of Environmental Protection in the management of the State's coastal zone. Four major areas of concern were investigated: detection of land use changes in the coastal zone; monitoring of offshore waste disposal; siting of ocean outfalls; and allocation of funds for shore protection. ERTS imagery was not useful for shore protection purposes; it was of limited practical value in the evaluation of offshore waste disposal and ocean outfall siting. However, ERTS imagery shows great promise for operational detection of land use changes in the coastal zone. Some constraints for practical change detection have been identified

Long Range Forces from Pseudoscalar Exchange

Using dispersion theoretic techniques, we consider coherent long range forces arising from double pseudoscalar exchange among fermions. We find that Yukawa type coupling leads to $1/r^3$ spin independent attractive potentials whereas derivative coupling renders $1/r^5$ spin independent repulsive potentials.Comment: 27 pages, REVTeX, 3 figures included using epsfi

Extreme nonlinear electrodynamics in metamaterials with very small linear dielectric permittivity

We consider a sub-wavelength periodic layered medium whose slabs are filled by arbitrary linear metamaterials and standard nonlinear Kerr media and we show that the homogenized medium behaves as a Kerr medium whose parameters can assume values not available in standard materials. Exploiting such a parameter availability, we focus on the situation where the linear relative dielectric permittivity is very small thus allowing the observation of the extreme nonlinear regime where the nonlinear polarization is comparable with or even greater than the linear part of the overall dielectric response. The behavior of the electromagnetic field in the extreme nonlinear regime is very peculiar and characterized by novel features as, for example, the transverse power flow reversing. In order to probe the novel regime, we consider a class of fields (transverse magnetic nonlinear guided waves) admitting full analytical description and we show that these waves are allowed to propagate even in media with $\epsilon0$ since the nonlinear polarization produces a positive overall effective permittivity. The considered nonlinear waves exhibit, in addition to the mentioned features, a number of interesting properties like hyper-focusing induced by the phase difference between the field components.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

Dynamical variables in Gauge-Translational Gravity

Assuming that the natural gauge group of gravity is given by the group of isometries of a given space, for a maximally symmetric space we derive a model in which gravity is essentially a gauge theory of translations. Starting from first principles we verify that a nonlinear realization of the symmetry provides the general structure of this gauge theory, leading to a simple choice of dynamical variables of the gravity field corresponding, at first order, to a diagonal matrix, whereas the non-diagonal elements contribute only to higher orders.Comment: 15 page

Application of ERTS-1 data to the protection and management of New Jersey's coastal environment

The author has identified the following significant results. A Coastal Zone Surveillance Program has been developed in which systematic comparisons of early ERTS-1 images and recently acquired images are regularly made to identify areas where changes have occurred. A methodology for assessing and documenting benefits has been established. Quantification of benefits has been directed toward four candidate areas: shore protection, ocean outfalls, coastal land resources, and offshore waste disposal. A refinement in the change detection analysis procedure has led to greater accuracy in spotting developmental changes in the Coastal Zone. Preliminary conclusions drawn from the Shore Erosion case study indicate that in the northern test area (developed beach) erosion has occurred more often, is generally more severe, and the beach is slower to recover than in the southern test area (natural beach). From these data it appears that it may be possible to define areas most likely to experience further erosion. The assumption of continued erosion in areas that have at one time experienced severe erosion is supported by the simple fact that as a beach narrows wave energy is concentrated on a narrower beach surface. The higher energy condition subsequently results in accelerated erosion

Addendum to Finite-size effects on multibody neutrino exchange

The interaction energy of the neutrons due to massless neutrino exchange in a neutron star has recently been proved, using an effective theory, to be extremely small and infrared-safe. Our comment here is of conceptual order: two approaches to compute the total interaction energy density have recently been proposed. Here, we study the connection between these two approaches. From CP invariance, we argue that the resulting interaction energy has to be even in the parameter $b=-G_F n_n /\sqrt{2}$, which expresses the static neutrino potential created by a neutron medium of density $n_n$.Comment: Latex file (Revtex), 9 pages, 1 figure, one reference change

Transparent Nuclei and Deuteron-Gold Collisions at RHIC

The current normalization of the cross section of inclusive high-pT particle production in deuteron-gold collisions measured RHIC relies on Glauber calculations for the inelastic d-Au cross section. These calculations should be corrected for diffraction. Moreover, they miss the Gribov's inelastic shadowing which makes nuclei more transparent (color transparency). The magnitude of this effect rises with energy and it may dramatically affect the normalization of the RHIC data. We evaluate these corrections employing the light-cone dipole formalism and found a rather modest corrections for the current normalization of the d-Au data. The results of experiments insensitive to diffraction (PHENIX, PHOBOS) should be renormalized by about 20% down, while those which include diffraction (STAR), by only 10%. Such a correction completely eliminates the Cronin enhancement in the PHENIX data for pions. The largest theoretical uncertainty comes from the part of the inelastic shadowing which is related to diffractive gluon radiation, or gluon shadowing. Our estimate is adjusted to data for the triple-Pomeron coupling, however, other models do not have such a restrictions and predict much stronger gluon shadowing. Therefore, the current data for high-pT hadron production in d-Au collisions at RHIC cannot exclude in a model independent way the possibility if initial state suppression proposed by Kharzeev-Levin-McLerran. Probably the only way to settle this uncertainty is a direct measurement of the inelastic d-Au cross sections at RHIC. Also d-Au collisions with a tagged spectator nucleon may serve as a sensitive probe for nuclear transparency and inelastic shadowing. We found an illuminating quantum-mechanical effect: the nucleus acts like a lens focusing spectators into a very narrow cone.Comment: Latex 50 pages. Based on lectures given by the author at Workshop on High-pT Correlations at RHIC, Columbia University, May-June, 2003. The version to appear in PR

Effects of Bose-Einstein Condensation on forces among bodies sitting in a boson heat bath

We explore the consequences of Bose-Einstein condensation on two-scalar-exchange mediated forces among bodies that sit in a boson gas. We find that below the condensation temperature the range of the forces becomes infinite while it is finite at temperatures above condensation.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure