Comparative proteomic study of pig muscle proteins during growth and development of an animal

The production of high-quality pork is closely related to the growth and development of muscle tissue. The present article provides a comparative proteomic research of l. dorsi, b. femoris, m. brachiocephalicus during the pigs’ growth and development (at age of 60 days and 180 days). This work was supported by data of electrophoretic methods: one-dimensional electrophoresis according to Laemmli with densitometric assessment in the ImageJ software and two-dimensional electrophoresis according to O’Farrell method with its further processing on the software ImageMaster. The mass spectrometric identification was conducted with the help of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system connected to a mass spectrometer; further the data were interpreted by search algorithm Andromeda. When comparing frequency diagrams of one-dimensional electrophoregrams of all three muscle tissues of weaned pigs, the greatest difference was observed for the muscle sample l. dorsi. Comparison of diagrams of muscle tissue samples taken for mature pigs showed a great similarity of all three studied muscles samples. Within the framework of the research, the Fold indicator was calculated. The exceeding its value by more than 2 units is generally considered to be a statistically significant difference. When analyzing two-dimensional electrophoretograms of weaned pigs’ muscles, 18 protein fractions were revealed with Fold > 2. When examining the muscle tissue of mature pigs, 15 of those proteins were found; the differences were mostly detected in the minor protein fractions. The mass spectrometric analysis of the cut bands with well-pronounced differences from the onedimensional electrophoretogram revealed 214 proteins involved to a greater extent in cellular and metabolic processes, physical activity and localization. Growth and development protein — semaphorin‑6B (96.78 kDa) — was revealed in muscle tissue of l. dorsi, a. Also in l. dorsi and b. femoris the growth and development proteins were found: cadherin‑13 (78.23 kDa), cadherin‑7 (87.01 kDa), the F‑actin-cap protein beta subunit (30.66 kDa), and two uncharacterized proteins at 65.60 kDa and 63.88 kDa

Comparative study of technologies for extraction of biologically active substances from the raw material of animal origin

Technologies of isolation and concentration of biologically active substances, developed in the middle of the 20th century, need adjustment and adaptation to modern conditions both to increase the activity of substances and for greater economic efficiency. The aim of the research is the comparison of dynamics of biologically active compounds extraction from porcines pancreas in two methods: the saline method based on 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and the acidic method based on 2.4% trichloroacetic acid solution. Also the purpose of research is to assess the possibilities for further optimization of technologies. The total protein concentration based on the biuret reaction in the samples taken during the extraction, as well as the calculation and analysis of the point degrees and rates of extraction are chosen as the controlled parameters. Local maxima of the protein yields into the extractant media at the 60th, 135th and 255th minute were recorded during saline extraction; and at the 75th and 135th minute during acid extraction. Also the proteomic profile of the extracts was studied. Wide range of compounds with molecular weight of less than 52 kDa was found in extracts based on physiological saline solution, and protein substances of whole presented range of molecular weights in trichloroacetic acid based extracts were considered. The predominance of low molecular weight protein fraction of interest was noted also in this method of extraction in comparison with the other methods of extraction. According to the UniProt database, we assume availability of probable compounds with a molecular weight of less than 30 kDa in the purified acidic extract. The presence of some proteins absent in the final saline extract was noted. The acidic erythrograms showed a weak degrading effect of both types of extracts on the membranes of rat erythrocytes, as well as the cytoprotective effect of acidic ultrafiltrates (less than 3 kDa). The obtained results prove a better efficiency of trichloroacetic acid extraction method used for obtaining a mixture of a wide range of compounds, including biologically active substances of low molecular weight

Supply Chain Management Development for Organization of Public Services in the City: The Experience of Moscow

Abstract- The present article discusses the practical aspects of organizing provision of public services in Moscow by using supply chain strategy. The main difficulties of providing public services in multifunctional centers (MFC) of the capital region are studied, and the main limitations of provision of public services in modern Russian conditions are revealed. Currently, one of the most important tasks of the state is to provide modern, timely and high-quality public services to citizens. In the process of providing public services, the state pays great attention to the development of feedbacks from citizens and uses new ways of providing public services. In Moscow, a “Single portal of state and municipal services (functions)†has been created, which provides electronic access to services. With its help, the applicant can submit an application and other necessary documents, and also learn about the progress of the public service. The result of organization of MFC is that the process of providing public services has become more accessible, convenient and much more comfortable. In recent years, the form of activity of MFC has undergone significant changes, mainly due to the rapidly growing needs of citizens. Most changes occurred in the Moscow Multifunctional Center because of the fast growth in demand for services and desire to improve the quality of services. However, problems of citizens' awareness of the newly created services and the possibilities of obtaining them have still remained unresolved

Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.) Kumm. Hybrids-Promising Producers of Proteins

Отримання нових перспективних штамів їстівних грибів – актуальна проблема для промислового грибівництва. Завданням цього дослідження було визначення біохімічного складу нових гібридів Рleurotus ostreatus, отиманих шляхом аутбридінгу. Абсолютно суху масу міцелію визначали гравіметричним методом, вміст білків у міцелії гібридів – методом Лоурі, альбуміни і глобуліни – спектрофотометричним методом, вміст вільних амінокислот у міцелії – методом хроматографії на папері. Вивчено нові гібриди гливи звичайної, які продукують більшу кількість амінокислот (Д.22-41), білків, альбумінів та глобулінів (Д.30-41), ніж контрольний штам НК-35 угорської селекції. При цьому штам Д.30-41 характеризується високим рівнем продуктивності за білковими речовинами, а штам Д.22-41 є перспективним продуцентом амінокислот, у тому числі й незамінних. Нові гібриди придатні для використання в харчовій промисловості, у сільському господарстві як біодобавка для харчування тварин. Producing of new potential stamps of edible fungi is a pressing issue for industrial mushroom production. The present investigation was aimed at the identification of biochemical composition of new hybrids of Pleurotus ostreatus, received by outbreeding. Absolutely dry mycelium weight was defined by gravimetric method. Protein content in mycelium was found by Lowry method, content of albumins and globulins – by spectrophotometric method, content of free amino acids – by paper chromatography method. The new hybrids of Pleurotus ostreatus, that produce a greater number of amino acids (D.22-41), proteins, albumins and globulins (D.30-41) than the control stamp HK-35 of the Hungary selection, were investigated. Herewith the D.30-41 stamp is characterized by a high level of productivity of protein substances and the D.22-41 stamp is a potential producer of amino acids, including indispensable ones.Вєтрова О. В. – кандидат біологічних наук, доцент Донецького національного університету; Демченко С. І. – кандидат біологічних наук, доцент Донецького національного університету; Жук Г. О. – аспірант НДІ Молекулярної біології та генетик

Increasing potato yield using foliar fertilization to boost growth

To date, the use of fertilizers has become firmly embedded in advanced crop cultivation technologies, as the main component of obtaining high and sustainable yields. The nutritional regime of plants cannot be optimized only with the help of macronutrients. They also need trace elements that can increase the resistance of plants to adverse growing conditions, diseases and pests. However, the high cost of such fertilizers makes it necessary to develop new more effective and less expensive drugs. Therefore, in modern potato cultivation technologies, much attention is paid to non-root top dressing. As a result of three-fold leaf treatments with the developed fertilizer, the yield increase of potato variety Gulliver was 0.4…5.2 t/ha, variety Vimpel 2.0…5.1 t/ha, variety Matushka 0.1…4.1 t/ha

Корекція доксорубіциніндукованої гепатотоксичності похідними глюкозаміну та їх комбінаціями з кверцетином в експерименті на щурах

The article presents the results of the pharmacological study of glucosamine derivatives and their combinations with flavonoid quercetin as correctors of hepatotoxicity of anthracycline antibiotics, particularly doxorubicin. As the test compounds substances of glucosamine hydrochloride in conventionally therapeutic doses of 50 mg/kg, and the combination of aminosugars of glucosamine hydrochloride and N-acetylglucosamine with flavonoid quercetin in the ratio of 3:1 equivalent to glucosamine hydrochloride in a conventionally therapeutic dose of 82 mg/kg have been studied. Quercetin was used in the dose of 20.5 mg/kg as a reference medicine. To assess the degree of liver damage and severity of the hepatoprotective activity of the objects selected a number of biochemical parameters (the level of TBA-reactants of the serum and the liver homogenate, the activity of indicator enzymes of ALT, AST cytolysis, the content of the total protein, glucose, urea in the serum) have been determined; the the histomorphologic study of liver tissue has been conducted. According to the experimental results it has been found that all tested compounds have the ability to reduce the toxic effects of doxorubicin in relation to the liver. With respect to overall rating of the parameters studied a combination of aminosugars of glucosamine hydrochloride and N-acetylglucosamine with quercetin has shown the most significant hepatoprotective effect, and it can be explained by a synergistic action of its individual components directed to inhibition of free radical processes and cytolysis, inhibition of inflammation, urea formation function, protein synthesis in the liver, normalization of the carbohydrate metabolism and decrease of hypoplastic changes in the liver tissue. The results of the study experimentally substantiate the use perspectiveness of a combination of aminosugars of glucosamine hydrochloride and N-acetylglucosamine with quercetin for pharmacological correction of toxic effects of anthracycline antibiotics during anticancer therapy.Приведены результаты фармакологического изучения производных глюкозамина и их комбинаций с флавоноидом кверцетином в качестве корректоров гепатотоксичности антрациклиновых антибиотиков, в частности доксорубицина. В качестве исследуемых соединений изучались субстанции глюкозамина гидрохлорида в условно терапевтической дозе 50 мг/кг и комбинация аминосахаров глюкозамина гидрохлорида и N-ацетилглюкозамина с флавоноидом кверцетином в соотношении 3:1 в пересчете на глюкозамина гидрохлорид в условно терапевтической дозе 82 мг/кг. В качестве препарата сравнения использовали кверцетин в дозе 20,5 мг/кг. Для оценки степени поражения печени и выраженности гепатотропного действия выбранных объектов определяли ряд биохимических показателей (уровень ТБК-реактантов сыворотки крови и гомогената печени, активность индикаторных ферментов цитолиза АлАТ, АсАТ, содержание общего белка, глюкозы, мочевины в сыворотке крови), а также проводили гистоморфологическое исследование ткани печени. По результатам опыта установлено, что все исследуемые соединения проявили способность к уменьшению токсических проявлений доксорубицина по отношении к печени. По суммарному рейтингу исследованных показателей наиболее значимое гепатотропное действие проявила комбинация аминосахаров глюкозамина гидрохлорида и N-ацетилглюкозамина с кверцетином, что может объясняться синергическим действием ее отдельных компонентов, направленным на ингибирование свободнорадикальных процессов и цитолиза, угнетение воспаления, восстановление мочевинообразующей, белоксинтезирующей функций печени, нормализацию углеводного обмена и уменьшение гипопластических изменений в ткани печени. Результаты исследования экспериментально обосновывают перспективность использования комбинации аминосахаров глюкозамина гидрохлорида и N-ацетилглюкозамина с кверцетином для фармакокоррекции токсических эффектов антрациклиновых антибиотиков при проведении противоопухолевой терапии.Наведені результати фармакологічного вивчення похідних глюкозаміну та їх комбінацій з флавоноїдом кверцетином у якості коректорів гепатотоксичності антрациклінових антибіотиків, зокрема доксорубіцину. В якості досліджуваних сполук вивчались субстанції глюкозаміну гідрохлориду в умовно-терапевтичній дозі 50 мг/кг та комбінація аміноцукрів глюкозаміну гідрохлориду і N-ацетилглюкозаміну з флавоноїдом кверцетином у співвідношенні 3:1 в перерахунку на глюкозаміну гідрохлорид в умовно-терапевтичній дозі 82 мг/кг. У якості препарату порівняння використовували кверцетин у дозі 20,5 мг/кг. Для оцінки ступеня ураження печінки та вираженості гепатотропної дії обраних об’єктів визначали низку біохімічних показників (рівень ТБК-реактантів сироватки крові та гомогенату печінки, активність індикаторних ферментів цитолізу АлАТ, АсАТ, вміст загального білка, глюкози, сечовини у сироватці крові), а також проводили гістоморфологічне дослідження тканини печінки. За результатами досліду встановлено, що всі досліджувані сполуки проявили здатність до зменшення токсичних проявів доксорубіцину по відношенню до печінки. За сумарним рейтингом досліджених показників найбільш значущу гепатотропну дію виявила комбінація аміноцукрів глюкозаміну гідрохлориду і N-ацетилглюкозаміну з кверцетином, що може пояснюватися синергічною дією її окремих компонентів, спрямованою на інгібування вільнорадикальних процесів і цитолізу, пригнічення запалення, відновлення сечовиноутворюючої, білоксинтезуючої функцій печінки, нормалізацію вуглеводного обміну та зменшення гіпопластичних змін у тканині печінки. Результати дослідження експериментально обгрунтовують перспективність використання комбінації аміноцукрів глюкозаміну гідрохлориду і N-ацетилглюкозаміну з кверцетином для фармакокорекції токсичних ефектів антрациклінових антибіотиків при проведенні протипухлинної терапії

Factors to affect inbred beet plants while developing material for linear selection

Considering its capacities, the generative system of Beta vulgaris L. is regarded as highly productive. While inbreeding, the reproductive potential of cross-pollinated beet plants with gametophytic self-incompatibility (SI) changes significantly and is determined by a joint effect of multiple factors including the level of inbred depression. In the present study, original data have been obtained revealing relationships between inbred beet seed productivity, its self-incompatibility and microgametophyte parameters, which is crucial for developing and maintaining constant fertile beet lines. It has been discovered that inbred depression increases the number of sterile microgametes and anomalous pollen grains, reduces pollen fertility and the length of pollen tubes. As a result, the seed yield in inbred beet progeny, including SI ones, reduces significantly just after the third inbreeding. At the same time, highly productive inbred beet is characterized by a lower rate of pollen tube growth in vitro. In inbred plants, there is no close relationship between pollen viability and seed productivity, because the elimination of germinated male gametes and degeneration of seed embryos may go over the entire period of fertilization starting its progamic phase. The SI plants have more degenerating embryos than self-fertile ones, but seed vessel outgrowth in the seeds with abortive embryos makes them morphologically similar to fertile seeds. For that reason, when assessing inbred beet plants based on their self-incompatibility/self-fertility, one should consider the qualitative characteristics of the seeds. Using the method of recurrent selection based on such factors as seed productivity, pollen tube length and field germination rate increase the output of plant forms with a potentially high self-compatibility in their progeny. To support such genotypes in the progeny, one has to, starting from the third inbreeding, perform sib crossing to reduce the negative effect of inbred depression and self-incompatibility

Экологическое испытание сортов свёклы столовой селекции ФГБНУ ФНЦО

Relevance. The value of table beetroot as an indispensable vegetable crop in a rational human diet is beyond doubt. It is possible to fill the shortage of production of this crop in the Russian Federation by increasing yields, which is facilitated by a number of factors. It is believed that the yield depends more on the variety, but the role of the medium in identifying varietal characteristics is also of great importance. In this regard, the varieties and hybrids recommended for production, along with high potential productivity, should be characterized by a wide range of adaptive properties (environmental resistance) to the stressful effects of environmental conditions. One of the effective methods to determine the adaptability of varieties to the conditions of a particular region is their simultaneous assessment in a number of geographically remote locations, which allows expanding the range of their use.Materials and methods. Research work on the environmental testing of six varieties of beetroot was carried out in 2020 according to generally accepted methods on the basis of the branches of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. As a standard, the Bordo 237 variety was used - recommended for cultivation in all regions of the Russian Federation. Ecological assessment of the environment as a background for selection and assessment of the adaptive ability of varieties was carried out according to the methodology of A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva.Results. According to the totality of all parameters, the most adaptive for cultivation in different regions of the Russian Federation, according to the combination of yield and marketability, it is possible to recommend the varieties of beetroot Karina and Bordo 237; according to the mass of commercial root crops - Karina and Gazpadynya. The varieties characterized by the greatest responsiveness to the improvement of growing conditions were: Lyubava, Gaspadynya, Dobrynya. The most informative background for identifying the potential productivity of varieties is the environment on the Biryuchekutsk station, on the ecological stability of the complex of signs – the Voronezh station. The most typical environments for growing beets on the grounds of "yield" and "marketability" are the conditions of Biryuchekutsk station, by weight of commercial root crop – Voronezh station.Актуальность. Ценность свеклы столовой, как незаменимой овощной культуры в рациональном питании человека не вызывает сомнения. Восполнить дефицит производства данной культуры в РФ возможно за счет повышения урожайности, чему способствует ряд факторов. Считается, что урожайность в большей степени зависит от сорта, однако роль среды в выявлении сортовых признаков также имеет большое значение. В связи с этим, рекомендуемые для производства сорта и гибриды наряду с высокой потенциальной продуктивностью, должны характеризоваться широким диапазоном приспособительных свойств (экологической устойчивостью) к стрессовым воздействиям условий среды. Одним из действенных приёмов, позволяющих определить приспособленность сортов к условиям конкретного региона, является их одновременная оценка в ряде географически-отдаленных пунктов, которая позволяет расширить ареал их использования.Материалы и методы. Научно-исследовательскую работу по экологическому испытанию шести сортов свеклы столовой проводили в 2020 году по общепринятым методикам на базе филиалов ФГБНУ ФНЦО. В качестве стандарта использовали сорт Бордо 237 - рекомендованный для выращивания во всех регионах РФ. Экологическую оценку сред, как фонов для отбора, и оценку адаптивной способности сортов проводили по методике А.В. Кильчевского и Л.В. Хотылевой.Результаты. По совокупности всех параметров к наиболее адаптивным для выращивания в разных регионах РФ, по сочетанию урожайности и товарности можно рекомендовать сорта свеклы столовой Карина и Бордо 237; по массе товарного корнеплода Карина и Гаспадыня. Наибольшей отзывчивостью на улучшение условий выращивания характеризовались сорта: Любава, Гаспадыня, Добрыня. Наиболее информативным фоном для выявления потенциальной продуктивности сортов является среда на Бирючекутской ОСОС, на экологическую стабильность по комплексу признаков – Воронежской ООС. Наиболее типичными средами для выращивания свеклы столовой по признакам «урожайность» и «товарность» являются условия Бирючекутской ОСОС, по массе товарного корнеплода – Воронежской ООС

Investigation of the Processes of Photooxidation of an Aqueous Solution of Nitrofural

Представлены результаты исследования по фотокаталитическому окислению нитрофурала в водных растворах в присутствии микродобавок пероксида водорода и оксосульфата титана. Установлено, что максимальные степени окисления наблюдаются при фотоокислении в присутствии пероксида водорода и достигают 99 %. Приведены анаморфозы кинетических кривых деструкции водного раствора нитрофурала в процессе фотолиза. Установлено, что основными продуктами деструкции нитрофурала в процессе фотолиза его водного раствора являются одноосновные карбоновые кислоты и альдегидыThe results of a study on the photocatalytic oxidation of nitrofural in aqueous solutions in the presence of microadditives of hydrogen peroxide and titanium oxosulfate are presented. It has been established that the maximum oxidation states are observed during photooxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and reach 99 %. Anamorphoses of the kinetic curves of the degradation of an aqueous solution of nitrofural during photolysis are presented. It has been established that the main degradation products of nitrofural during the photolysis of its aqueous solution are monobasic carboxylic acids and aldehyde

Architecture of composite multilayer semiconductor nanostructures

The problem of ensuring the operational parameters of composite multilayer semiconductor nanoscale structures at the design technology stages is solved. A mathematical model based on the physics of processes occurring in the structure during operation is developed. The problem is solved for the resonant-tunnelling AlGaAs nanoheterostructures