Ludwig’s Angina Following Self Application of an Acidic Chemical

Ludwig’s angina is a potentially life threatening diffuse cellulitis usually resulting from odontogenic infection. We report a case of Ludwig’s angina resulting from self administration of an acidic chemical to treat toothache.Keywords: Toothache, Acid chemical, Ludwig’s angin

Evaluation of Repeat Analysis and Dose Burdens of Patients Examined in the Radiology Department of a Medical University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria

The objectives of this study was to examine the repeated examinations carried out and dose burdens of patients examined in the radiology department of a tertiary institution teaching hospital in Nigeria. A standard daily record keeping method (accepted and rejected films compiled by Radiographers) was used to collect data after viewing by a Radiologist. Raw data collected were sorted with the aid of Tally Chart. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the data collected with the help of Excel software. The specific repeat rates (SRRs) for different examinations are as follows: chest PA (CXR-6.68 %); lumbosacral (LS-10.90%); skull/head (S/H-15.08 %); abdomen (ABD-12.97 %); pelvis/hip (PE/H-7.77 %); cervical spine/neck (SP/NK-5.56 %); thoracic spine (TS-7.14 %); extremities (EXT-1.64 %); shoulder joint (SHJ-2.22 %); knee joint (KNJ-2.99 %); elbow joint (ELB-2.53 %); ankle joint (ANK-2.77 %); and  hysterosalpingography (HSG-7.35 %). The highest causal reject rates (CRRs) was found to be as a result of under-penetration (34.3%) in this study. This is followed in succession by over-collimation (22.90 %) and processing artifact (20.50 %).   The excessive population doses of the exposed patients resulting from repeats for some examinations are: chest PA (CXR-103.60 mGy); lumbosacral AP (LS-23.00 mGy); skull/head PA (S/H-71.10 mGy); abdomen AP (ABD-33.48 mGy); thoracic spine AP (TS-2.52 mGy);  shoulder joint AP (SHJ-1.89 mGy); knee joint AP (KNJ-2.00 mGy); ankle joint AP (ANK-0.76 mGy);  hysterosalpingography (HSG-1.95 mGy). The selected exposure parameters could also be examined and adjusted to prevent under-penetration

Effective Doses and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks from Absorbed Dose Rates Measured in Facilities of Two Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria

This study was aimed at examining the radiation absorbed dose rate, annual effective doses and excess lifetime cancer risks of halls of residence, Radiotherapy Unit and Radiology Department of UI, UCH and UNIMEDTH respectively. Results of measurements show that the mean absorbed dose rate for male and female hall are 0.33 ± 0.05476 and 0.17 ± 0.05074 µSv h-1 respectively. The mean overall absorbed dose rates calculated for facilities studied are 0.269 ± 0.0992 µSv h-1, 0.121 ± 0.036 µSv h-1 and 0.123 ± 0.00931 µSv h-1 in UI, UCH and UNIMEDTH respectively. The mean annual effective doses recorded in both male and female halls in University of Ibadan ranges between 0.71 mSv y-1 and 2.67 mSv y-1. The mean annual effective doses obtained from the facility of University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo (UNIMEDTH) ranges between 0.17 and 0.44 mSv y-1. In addition, the mean annual effective doses calculated from the measured absorbed dose rate in Radiotherapy Department of University College Hospital, Ibadan ranges between 0.20 and 1.22 mSv y-1. As regards ELCRs, the mean values  determined in various facilities examined are 6.07 x 10-3 (Male Halls, UI), 3.27 x 10-3 (Female Halls, UI), 0.57 x 10-3 (UNIMEDTH- NE), 0.99 x 10-3 (UNIMEDTH- EX), 0.65 x x 10-3 (Teletherapy, UCH) and 0.57 x 10-3 (Brachytherapy, UCH).The mean ELCRs of both halls examined are higher than the world average of 1.45 x 10-3 and the standard value of 0.29 x 10-3 by at least a factor of 1.97 units

Entrepreneurial Intentions Among Stem and Non-Stem Undergraduates of a Private University in Nigeria: A Comparative Study

This study compared entrepreneurial intentions of STEM and non- STEM undergraduates of a private University in Nigeria. The survey research design and systematic random sampling technique were used in data collection and selection of participants. A total of 250 students (126 STEM and 124 non-STEM) across the five academic levels (100-500) participated in this study. Fifty-two percent (52%) of the participants were males and forty-eight percent (48%) were females. Four hypotheses were raised and tested using t-test for independent samples. The result revealed significant difference in entrepreneurial capacity [t (248) = .084, P.05] and attraction to entrepreneurship [t (248) = 1.296, P>.05]. This study concluded that although STEM and non-STEM students were similar in their entrepreneurial attraction and capacity for developing new products/services, non-STEM students displayed more entrepreneurial capacity and intentions. Therefore, it was recommended that equal attention and opportunities be given to STEM and non-STEM students for entrepreneurship training and capacity building towards increased competitiveness and sustainable development in Nigeria

The burden and risks of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria: A desk‐based review of existing literature and data

Background: Pneumonia is a leading killer of children under‐5 years, with a high burden in Nigeria. We aimed to quantify the regional burden and risks of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, and specifically the states of Lagos and Jigawa. / Methods: We conducted a scoping literature search for studies of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in under‐5 children in Nigeria from 10th December 2018 to 26th April 2019, searching: Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included grey literature from stakeholders' websites and information shared by organizations working in Nigeria. We conducted multivariable logistic regression using the 2016 to 2017 Multiple Cluster Indicators Survey data set to explore factors associated with pneumonia. Descriptive analyses of datasets from 2010 to 2019 was done to estimate trends in mortality, morbidity, and vaccination coverage. / Results: We identified 25 relevant papers (10 from Jigawa, 8 from Lagos, and 14 national data). None included data on pneumonia or acute respiratory tract infection burden in the health system, inpatient case‐fatality rates, severity, or age‐specific pneumonia mortality rates at state level. Secondary data analysis found that no household or caregiver socioeconomic indicators were consistently associated with self‐reported symptoms of cough and/or difficulty breathing, and seasonality was inconsistently associated, dependant on region. / Conclusion: There is a clear evidence gap around the burden of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, and challenges with the interpretation of existing household survey data. Improved survey approaches are needed to understand the risks of pediatric pneumonia in Nigeria, alongside the need for investment in reliable routine data systems to provide data on the clinical pneumonia burden in Nigeria

Health system challenges for improved childhood pneumonia case management in Lagos and Jigawa, Nigeria

Background: Case fatality rates for childhood pneumonia in Nigeria remain high. There is a clear need for improved case management of pneumonia, through the sustainable implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) diagnostic and treatment algorithms. We explored barriers and opportunities for improved case management of childhood pneumonia in Lagos and Jigawa states, Nigeria. / Methods: A mixed‐method analysis was conducted to assess the current health system capacity to deliver quality care. This was done through audits of 16 facilities in Jigawa and 14 facilities in Lagos, questionnaires (n = 164) and 13 focus group discussions with providers. Field observations provided context for data analysis and triangulation. / Results: There were more private providers in Lagos (4/8 secondary facilities) and more government providers in Jigawa (4/8 primary, 3/3 secondary, and 1/1 tertiary facilities). Oxygen and pulse oximeters were available in two of three in Jigawa and six of eight in Lagos of the sampled secondary care facilities. None of the eight primary facilities surveyed in Jigawa had oxygen or pulse oximetry available while in Lagos two of three primary facilities had oxygen and one of three had pulse oximeters. Other IMCI and emergency equipment were also lacking including respiratory rate timers, particularly in Jigawa state. Health care providers scored poorly on knowledge of IMCI, though previous IMCI training was associated with better knowledge. Key enabling factors in delivering pediatric care highlighted by health care providers included accountability procedures and feedback loops, the provision of free medication for children, and philanthropic acts. Common barriers to provide care included the burden of out‐of‐pocket payments, challenges in effective communication with caregivers, delayed presentation, and lack of clear diagnosis, and case management guidelines. / Conclusion: There is an urgent need to improve how the prevention and treatment of pediatric pneumonia is directed in both Lagos and Jigawa. Priority areas for reducing pediatric pneumonia burden are training and mentoring of health care providers, community health education, and introduction of oximeters and oxygen supply

Exploring entrepreneurial theories in the study of Igbo business mentoring (NWA Boy), south-east Nigeria

Over the years, studies have explored the expediency of entrepreneurship in addressing social problems relating to unemployment, poverty, economic stagnation and societal inability to attain national development in developing societies. To this end, government of these nations seek to promote entrepreneurship as a means of economic revitalization and sustainability mostly in rural areas. However, the success of entrepreneurship in any country may depend on several factors that could be explained theoretically. In social and behvioural sciences, theories have been constantly employed to provide explanations to social life issues bothering mankind. This article employed such theories to explain Igbo business mentoring (nwa boy) which most entrepreneurs in South-East GeoPolitical Zone of Nigeria seem to have engaged in establishing their businesses. These include: (i) Sociological Theory of Entrepreneurship; (ii) Anthropological Entrepreneurship Theory; (iii) Opportunity-Based Entrepreneurship Theory (iii) Resource-Based Entrepreneurship Theories; and (iv)The Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition, among others. Historical data was used to examine these theories in connection with the Igbo business mentoring (nwa boy) in order to enrich the body of knowledge on the social life reality of its contributions to entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. The importance of this effort is hinged on the fact that none of these theories has hitherto been applied to the Igbo business mentoring (nwa boy) in business and academic literature. The study concludes that the understanding the 'nwa boy' mentoring concept in the light of these theories could provide leverage for a successful entrepreneurial activities, mostly among youth. © 2019 International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)

The Role of Industrial-Organizational Psychology in Sustainable Development: Implication for 21stcentury Employee Management Strategies

The emerging technologies in the 21st century have created development issues for many African nations; resulting in a dire need to keep up with the pace of advancement across the globe without jeopardizing the wellbeing of the citizenry. The needed intervention lies in the attainment of sustainable development, the term that describes a people’s right to continuous survival and wellbeing. The key drivers of this developmentare the government, business organisations and the employees. The employees are deemed as the most important of these three because they determine the success of the others. The lack of synergy among these development drivers may be at the core of Africa’s economic setbacks. It becomes imperative to seek professional input in the management of these key driversof sustainable development in a rapidly changing world. To this end, this study explored the concept of sustainable development in the 21st century; the key drivers of sustainable development; the employees as the principal driver; the nature and role of Industrial and OrganisationalPsychology (the behavioural science concerned with building and retaining highly competitive employees, effective organisations and robust economies) in the pursuit of sustainable development. This study concluded that effective employee management is central to the attainment of sustainable development in the 21st century and that Industrial and Organisational Psychology provides very useful tools to achieve this feat. Therefore the principles of Industrial and Organisational Psychology was recommended as major requirements in 21st century employee management programs towards sustainable development

Hydrogeochemical characterization of a shallow groundwater system in the weathered basement aquifer of Ilesha area, southwestern Nigeria

Hydrogeochemical characterization of a weathered basement aquifer in Ilesha area, southwest Nigeria, was carried out with respect to geogenic and anthropogenic influences on the shallow groundwater system. Physico-chemical parameters revealed a pH of 6.4–8.4 and EC of 22–825 μs/cm in the urban areas compared to a pH of 7.3–10.5 and relatively higher EC of 126–1027 μs/cm in the peri-urban area. The concentrations of major cations (Ca, Na, K, Mg) in the urban areas revealed relatively lower average concentrations of 28.4, 16.7, 8.4 and 5.0 mg/L, respectively, compared to 82.5, 33.4, 19.3 and 12.4 mg/L, respectively, for the peri-urban areas. The low concentrations of major cations in the urban areas can be attributed to low mineral dissolution of quartzite and muscovite quartz-schist bedrocks compared to the weathered granitic, amphibolite and biotite schist in the peri-urban areas. Hydrochemical characterization revealed two main water types; namely Ca-Mg-(Na)-HCO3 mostly in the urban areas suggesting CO2-charged infiltrating recharge rainwater, and Ca-Na-(K)-SO4-Cl type in the peri-urban areas as products of water–rock interactions

Small scale multi-terminal HVDC transmission test rig

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