Algorithmic means implementing requirements reliability entering information into the onboard control computing system in rocket "SOYUZ-2"

Рассмотрены предъявляемые требования по надежности к режиму ввода программного обеспечения в бортовую цифровую вычислительную систему ракеты-носителя «Союз-2». Произведен анализ существующих программно-алгоритмических средств обеспечения предъявленных требований по надежности. Из-за большого количества используемых элементов и возрастания объемов хранимой информации возникает ряд проблем связанных с реализацией надежного ввода. Основные проблемами в данном режиме это большая вероятность возникновения двух кратных искажений информации и внешнее воздействие на линии связи. В связи с этим представлены доработанные программно-алгоритмические средства обеспечения надежности режима ввода программного обеспечения, с учетом особенностей и возможностей бортовой цифровой вычислительной системы ракеты-носителя «Союз-2», существенно повысившие надежность режима ввода и системы в целом.Discussed requirements to in terms of reliability to the input mode software onboard digital computer system rocket "Soyuz-2". The analysis of existing software and algorithmic means to ensure demand under reliability. Due to the large number of elements used and increasing volumes of stored information, a number of problems associated with the implementation of a reliable input. The main problem in this mode is a large probability of two multiple misstatements and external influence on the link. In this regard, presented the modified software and algorithmic means of securing the input mode information, taking into account the characteristics and capabilities of the onboard digital computer system carrier rocket "Soyuz-2", will significantly increase the reliability of the input mode and the system as a whole

Assessment of operability software and hardware system of automatic control systems

В статье рассматривается проблема оценки вероятности возникновения одиночного сбоя в аппаратуре при выполнении ключевых программ отвечающих за работоспособность системы. В ходе работы была проанализирована связь временных и емкостных характеристик программ, были получены соотношения позволяющие определять характеристики программ необходимые для достижения заданных вероятностных величин.The article considers the problem of evaluation of the likelihood of a single failure in the equipment when performing key programs responsible for the operability of the system. The article has been analyzed relations temporal and capacitive characteristics of the program were obtained ratio by which one can define the characteristics of programs needed to achieve defined values of probability

Obtaining cyclopentanone from acidic wastewater of caprolactam production

It has been shown that adipic acid released from the by-products of caprolactam production is a promising raw material for the production of cyclopentanone. The thermal stability of calcium adipate was investigated by the derivatographic method and the conditions were selected that ensure the yield of at least 50% of the target cyclopentanone with a purity of at least 99%

OBTAINING CYCLOPENTANONE FROM ACIDIC WASTEWATER OF CAPROLACTAM PRODUCTION

The process of oxidation of cyclohexane with atmospheric oxygen, carried out as a separate stage in the production of caprolactam, is characterized by a large amount of oxygen-containing compounds, which are concentrated in acidic wastewater. One of these compounds is adipic acid. The resulting calcium salt of adipic acid decomposes during high-temperature processing to cyclopentanone. Cyclopentanone is an important intermediate in the production of insecticides, biologically active pharmaceuticals. Ketocyclopentane is an intermediate in the synthesis of jasmon. In the pharmaceutical industry it is a precursor in the production of cyclopentobarbital, which is a sedative. Cyclopentanone is also used to produce cyclopentamine, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of fungicides such as pencycuron. The solid concentrate of acidic wastewater was diazomethylated to obtain methyl esters of carboxylic acids

Tensor analyzing power Ayy in deuteron inclusive breakup at large Pt and spin structure of deuteron at short internucleonic distances

The Ayy data for deuteron inclusive breakup off hydrogen and carbon at a deuteron momentum of 9.0 GeV/c and large Pt of emitted protons are presented. The large values of Ayy independent of the target mass reflect the sensitivity of the data to the deuteron spin structure. The data obtained at fixed $x$ and plotted versus Pt clearly demonstrate the dependence of the deuteron spin structure at short internucleonic distances on two variables. The data are compared with the calculations using Paris, CD-Bonn and Karmanov's deuteron wave functions.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, talk given at the SPIN2004 Conf., 10-16 Oct. 2004, Triest, Ital

Graphene as a transparent conductive support for studying biological molecules by transmission electron microscopy

We demonstrate the application of graphene as a support for imaging individual biological molecules in transmission electron microscope (TEM). A simple procedure to produce free-standing graphene membranes has been designed. Such membranes are extremely robust and can support practically any sub-micrometer object. Tobacco mosaic virus has been deposited on graphene samples and observed in a TEM. High contrast has been achieved even though no staining has been applied

Structural phase transitions in the kagome lattice based materials Cs2-xRbxSnCu3F12 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5)

The solid solution Cs2-xRbxSnCu3F12 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) has been investigated crystallographically between 100 and 300 K using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and, in the case of x = 0, neutron powder diffraction.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure

Tensor Ayy and vector Ay analyzing powers in the H(d,d')X and ^{12}C(d,d')X reactons at initial deuteron momenta of 9 GeV/c in the region of baryonic resonances excitation

The angular dependence of the tensor Ayy and vector Ay analyzing powers in the inelastic scattering of deuterons with a momentum of 9.0 GeV/c on hydrogen and carbon have been measured. The range of measurements corresponds to the baryonic resonance excitation with masses 2.2--2.6 GeV/c^2. The Ayy data being in good agreement with the previous results demonstrate an approximate $t$ scaling up to -1.5 (GeV/c)^2. The large values of A_y show a significant role of the spin-dependent part of the elementary amplitude of the NN->NN* reaction. The results of the experiment are compared with model predictions of the plane-wave impulse approximation.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures. submitted to Yad.Fi

Legislative approaches to the electronic document definition and its evidentiary value in the CIS countries

This article considers the issues related to the electronic document definition according to the legislation of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Attention is focused on differences in the approaches to the structure of the electronic document, the electronic digital signature, the copy of electronic document, the use of electronic documents and electronic materials as evidence in the civil proces

Heat capacity of bulk boron doped single crystal HPHT diamonds in the temperature range from 2 to 400 K

Heat capacity Ср of boron-doped single crystal diamonds grown by the temperature gradient method was studied. Boron content was about < 10¹⁶, ~ 10¹⁸ and ~ 10²⁰ cm⁻³. Heat capacity data for all tested crystals match well within the measurement accuracy (1 %) in the temperature range of 150–400 K and obey the Debye law. At low temperatures heat capacity follows linear law possibly due to metallic inclusions in diamond bulk. Using this data the amount of metal can be calculated for each sample.Досліджено теплоємність Ср легованих бором монокристалічних алмазів, вирощених методом температурного градієнта. Вміст бору був < 10¹⁶, ~ 10¹⁸ і ~ 10²⁰ см⁻³. Дані по теплоємності для всіх досліджених кристалів добре узгоджуються в межах точності вимірювань (1 %) в інтервалі температур 150–400 К і підпорядковуються закону Дебая. При низьких температурах теплоємність змінюється за лінійним законом, можливо, через наявність металевих включень в алмазі. Використовуючи ці дані, кількість металу може бути обчислена для кожного зразка.Исследована теплоемкость Ср легированных бором монокристаллических алмазов, выращенных методом температурного градиента. Содержание бора было < 10¹⁶, ~ 10¹⁸ и ~ 10²⁰ см⁻³. Данные по теплоемкости для всех исследованных кристаллов хорошо согласуются в пределах точности измерений (1 %) в интервале температур 150–400 К и подчиняются закону Дебая. При низких температурах теплоемкость изменяется по линейному закону, возможно, из-за присутствия металлических включений в алмазе. Полученные данные позволяют рассчитать долю металлических включений в каждом из образцов