Swastika: A New Symbolic Interpretation

Paper by Stanley A. Freed and Ruth S. Free

Stress versus temperature dependent activation energies in creep

The activation energy for creep at low stresses and elevated temperatures is lattice diffusion, where the rate controlling mechanism for deformation is dislocation climb. At higher stresses and intermediate temperatures, the rate controlling mechanism changes from that of dislocation climb to one of obstacle-controlled dislocation glide. Along with this change, there occurs a change in the activation energy. It is shown that a temperature-dependent Gibbs free energy does a good job of correlating steady-state creep data, while a stress-dependent Gibbs free energy does a less desirable job of correlating the same data. Applications are made to copper and a LiF-22 mol. percent CaF2 hypereutectic salt

Gravitational Instantons and Fluxes from M/F-theory on Calabi-Yau fourfolds

We compactify four-dimensional N=1 gauged supergravity theories on a circle including fluxes for shift-symmetric scalars. Four-dimensional Taub-NUT gravitational instantons universally correct the three-dimensional superpotential in the absence of fluxes. In the presence of fluxes these Taub-NUT instanton contributions are no longer gauge-invariant. Invariance can be restored by gauge instantons on top of Taub-NUT instantons. We establish the embedding of this scenario into M-theory. Circle fluxes and gaugings arise from a restricted class of M-theory four-form fluxes on a resolved Calabi-Yau fourfold. The M5-brane on the base of the elliptic fourfold dualizes into the universal Taub-NUT instanton. In the presence of fluxes this M5-brane is anomalous. We argue that anomaly free contributions arise from involved M5-brane geometries dual to gauge-instantons on top of Taub-NUT instantons. Adding a four-dimensional superpotential to the gravitational instanton corrections leads to three-dimensional Anti-de Sitter vacua at stabilized compactification radius. We comment on the possibility to uplift these M-theory vacua, and to tunnel to four-dimensional F-theory vacua.Comment: 47 pages, 2 figure

Self-consistent variational theory for globules

A self-consistent variational theory for globules based on the uniform expansion method is presented. This method, first introduced by Edwards and Singh to estimate the size of a self-avoiding chain, is restricted to a good solvent regime, where two-body repulsion leads to chain swelling. We extend the variational method to a poor solvent regime where the balance between the two-body attractive and the three-body repulsive interactions leads to contraction of the chain to form a globule. By employing the Ginzburg criterion, we recover the correct scaling for the $\theta$-temperature. The introduction of the three-body interaction term in the variational scheme recovers the correct scaling for the two important length scales in the globule - its overall size $R$, and the thermal blob size $\xi_{T}$. Since these two length scales follow very different statistics - Gaussian on length scales $\xi_{T}$, and space filling on length scale $R$ - our approach extends the validity of the uniform expansion method to non-uniform contraction rendering it applicable to polymeric systems with attractive interactions. We present one such application by studying the Rayleigh instability of polyelectrolyte globules in poor solvents. At a critical fraction of charged monomers, $f_c$, along the chain backbone, we observe a clear indication of a first-order transition from a globular state at small $f$, to a stretched state at large $f$; in the intermediate regime the bistable equilibrium between these two states shows the existence of a pearl-necklace structure.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur

Aspects of economy, technology, and ecology

153 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-148) and index.In the year 1958-1959, Shanti Nagar was a north Indian village characterized by a generally traditional economy and technology at the beginning of intensive modernization. Modern influences impinged upon its people in the form of legislation and governmental programs that were designed to change, even revolutionize, village life from economic, technological, and social viewpoints. The vocational, educational, and recreational opportunities afforded by Delhi, a city then experiencing rapid modernization and westernization, were influences equally as effective as the developmental programs promulgated by the Government of India. The village was not overwhelmed by either governmental or urban influences. A well-integrated social unit, its people possessed the capacity to adopt selectively those innovations they believed to be useful and to reject others they perceived as risky or dangerous. The conjunction of various traditional and modern influences in Shanti Nagar resulted in a predominantly agricultural economy but a significant proportion of income was derived from salaries in modern urban occupations. It was clear that considerable potential for further economic and technological change existed in two principal areas. The Green Revolution would, in all probability, change village agriculture and, temporarily at least, could result in a reduced concern to obtain income from urban employment, especially on the part of the large landowners. With the passage of time, however, the future economic well-being of the villagers probably will increasingly depend on training the young people for modern careers in government, business, and industry"--P. 7

Sickness and health

p. 287-353 : ill. ; 26 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 345-348) and index."Shanti Nagar during 1958 to 1959 was a village in the initial stages of response to modern urbanization, primarily emanating from Delhi, the capital city of India, which was experiencing rapid modernization and urbanization. One aspect of these changes was in the diverse patterns of health care which were practiced in the village. The changes, which were occurring with respect to health care, were slow and not always easy to detect, but some of the changes were with regard to a greater use of Ayurvedic medicine because of Arya Samaj influences, and others to a lesser degree with Western medicine. The health care system of Shanti Nagar comprised a composite use of curers and healing practices deriving from the Atharva-veda, Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine, and Western medicine. The present paper points out the concepts of sickness and health of the people of Shanti Nagar and how their system of belief regarding illness and healing was eclectic, often an article of faith, and at the same time pragmatic. It also provides indices of changes in health care"--P. 289

Goals of children

39 p. ; 24 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 39)

Role behavior

63 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-63)

The boundary field theory induced by the Chern-Simons theory

The Chern-Simons theory defined on a 3-dimensional manifold with boundary is written as a two-dimensional field theory defined only on the boundary of the three-manifold. The resulting theory is, essentially, the pullback to the boundary of a symplectic structure defined on the space of auxiliary fields in terms of which the connection one-form of the Chern-Simons theory is expressed when solving the condition of vanishing curvature. The counting of the physical degrees of freedom living in the boundary associated to the model is performed using Dirac's canonical analysis for the particular case of the gauge group SU(2). The result is that the specific model has one physical local degree of freedom. Moreover, the role of the boundary conditions on the original Chern- Simons theory is displayed and clarified in an example, which shows how the gauge content as well as the structure of the constraints of the induced boundary theory is affected.Comment: 10 page