A robust uniform B-spline collocation method for solving the generalized PHI-four equation

In this paper, we develop a numerical solution based on cubic B-spline collocation method. By applying Von-Neumann stability analysis, the proposed technique is shown to be unconditionally stable. The accuracy of the presented method is demonstrated by a test problem. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the exact solution

Amelioration Of Snap Bean Growth, Yield, Quantity And Nutritional Status Under Salinity Stress By Using Spirulina Algae Extract And Amino Acids

Salinity stress is a major abiotic stress that limits agricultural production and threatens global food security due to rapid climate change. Salt stress negatively affects the growth, yield and quality of crops.  Amino Acids and Spirulina Algae Extract are well-known biostimulants that have positive effects on plant growth and productivity and significantly reduce damage caused by abiotic stress. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of several treatments with spirulina extract and amino acids on snap bean plant growing under saline soil stress. Field experiment was carried out during the two successive summer seasons of 2021 and 2022 under saline soil at private farm in Faqus - Sharkia Governorate, to study the effect of spirulina algae and amino acid concentrations as foliar spray on growth, yield quantity and quality and nutritional status of snap bean cv, Bronco. The experiment was executed in split plot design, three rates of spirulina algae extracts (0, 1 and 2 cm3 L-1) were distributed on main plot and another three level of amino acids (0, 500 and 1000 mg L-1) were arranged on subplot. Finally, main and subplot were replicated three times. The results can be summarized as follows: Under saline soil condition, spraying snap bean plants with different concentrations of spirulina extract and amino acids three times led to an improvement in plant growth, crop quantity and quality as well as nutritional status, compared to the experimental treatment in which both were not used. The highest values of growth, yield and content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were obtained by spraying 2 cm3 L-1 of spirulina extract with 1000 mg L-1 of amino acids under two consecutive seasons. Thus, it can be said that Therefore, the spirulina algae extract and amino acids are considered one of the safe solutions to get rid of the effect of soil salinity on the  snap bean plant, and then obtain a high yield and also high quality

A probabilistic multi-objective approach for FACTS devices allocation with different levels of wind penetration under uncertainties and load correlation

This study presents a probabilistic multi-objective optimization approach to obtain the optimal locations and sizes of static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) in a power transmission network with large level of wind generation. In this study, the uncertainties of the wind power generation and correlated load demand are considered. The uncertainties are modeled in this work using the points estimation method (PEM). The optimization problem is solved using the Multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm to find the best position and rating of the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. The objective of the problem is to maximize the system loadability while minimizing the power losses and FACTS devices installation cost. Additionally, a technique based on fuzzy decision-making approach is employed to extract one of the Pareto optimal solutions as the best compromise one. The proposed approach is applied on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The numerical results evince the effectiveness of the proposed approach and shows the economic benefits that can be achieved when considering the FACTS controller

RUTIN ATTENUATES IRON OVERLOAD-INDUCED HEPATIC OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS

Iron is an essential element that participates in several metabolic activities of the cell. However, excess iron is a major cause of iron-induced oxidative stress and several human diseases. Natural flavonoids, as rutin, are well-known antioxidants, and could be efficient protective agents. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective influence of rutin supplementation to improve rat antioxidant systems against iron overload (IOL)-induced hepatic oxidative stress. Sixty male albino rats were randomly divided to three equal groups. The first group, the control, the second group, iron overload group, the third group was used as iron overload+rutin group. Rats received six doses of ferric hydroxide polymaltose (100 mg/kg b.w.) as one dose every two days, by intraperitoneal injections (IP) and administerated rutin (50 mg/kg b.w.) as one daily oral dose until the sacrificed day. Blood samples and liver tissue specimens were collected three times, after three, four and five weeks from the onset of the experiment. Serum iron profile [iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), transferrin (Tf) and transferrin saturation% (TS%)], ferritin, albumin, total Protein, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols levels, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined. Moreover, iron in the liver, L-malondialdehyde (L-MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) and total nucleic acid (TNA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also determined. The obtained results revealed that IOL resulted in significant increase in serum iron, TIBC, Tf, TS% and ferritin levels as well as AST and ALT activities. Moreover, it increased liver iron, L-MDA, and NO levels. Meanwhile, it decreased serum UIBC, albumin, total protein, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols levels, as well as liver GSH, TNA levels, and Gpx, CAT and SOD activities when compared with the control rats. Rutin administration to IOL-rats resulted in significant decrease in serum iron, TIBC, Tf, TS%, ferritin levels, and AST and ALT activities as well as liver iron, L-MDA, and NO levels. Rutin also induced significant increases in serum UIBC, albumin, total protein and total cholesterol levels, as well as liver GSH, CAT and SOD activities compared with the IOL-rats. This study provides in vivo evidence that rutin administration can improve the antioxidant defence systems against IOL-induced hepatic oxidative stress in rats. This protective effect in liver of iron loaded rats may be due to both the antioxidant and metal chelation activities

2-Methyl-3-(2-methyl­phen­yl)-7-nitro­quinazolin-4(3H)-one

In the title methaqua­lone analogue, C16H13N3O3, the 2-tolyl group is almost orthogonal [dihedral angle = 85.20 (5)°] to the fused ring system (r.m.s. deviation of fitted non-H atoms = 0.029 Å). In the crystal, twofold symmetry generates two-mol­ecule aggregates linked by C—H⋯O and π–π inter­actions [ring centroid–centroid distance = 3.4967 (6) Å]

2-(4-Meth­oxy­phen­yl)-4-oxo-4-phenyl­butane­nitrile

The title mol­ecule, C17H15NO2, is twisted, the dihedral angle between the terminal benzene rings being 63.30 (6)°. In the crystal, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N inter­actions lead to supra­molecular layers in the ab plane. These are connected along the c axis via C—H⋯π inter­actions

Investigation of arenesulfonyl-2-imidazolidinones as potent carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University [RGP-VPP-163

2-Methyl-3-(2-methyl­phen­yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro­quinazolin-8-yl 4-methyl­benzoate

In the title quinazolin-4-one derivative, C24H20N2O3, both the 4-methyl­benzoate [dihedral angle = 83.90 (9)°] and 2-tolyl [87.88 (9)°] groups are almost orthogonal to the central fused ring system. These aryl groups are oriented towards the quinazolin-4-one-bound methyl group. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by C—H⋯O, C—H⋯π and π–π [ring centroid-to-centroid separation = 3.6458 (13) Å] inter­actions