EFFICACY OF WATTAKAKA VOLUBILIS AGAINST ALUMINIUM SULPHATE INDUCED IN LIVER TOXICITY

Objective: The modulation of membrane-bound ATPases, carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and mitochondrial TCA cycle enzymes in Wattakaka volubilis on aluminium sulphate induced liver toxicity.Methods: Medicinal therapy requires careful assessment of effective treatment offering an acceptable safety over human health. Experimental animals were divided into five groups (Untreated, negative and positive control, hepatic group and the hepatic group fed on Wattakaka volubilis), Metabolising enzymes level, estimation of DNA, RNA and quantification of DNA fragmentation and gene expression were investigated. These altered enzyme levels were ameliorated significantly by administration of Wattakaka volubilis at the concentration of 200 mg/kg in drug-treated animals.Results: Results showed that treatment with methanol extract of Wattakaka volubilis normal level of enzymes which are compared with silymarin. This was evident from the significant increase in p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001 enzyme levels. Aluminium sulphate induced rats showed decreased the activities of metabolising enzymes and increased DNA fragmentation in the liver. This clearly explained the reason for the hepatoprotective activity of Wattakaka volubilis leaf extract.Conclusion: The methanolic leaf extract of W. volubilis showed high protective activity against aluminium sulphate-induced hepatotoxicity

SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA AND EVALUATION OF THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

AbstractAim:  Andrographis paniculata is one of the most important antibacterial effects. The result proved Andrographis paniculata have antibacterial activity. The objective of this study to synthesis of silver nanoparticles from  Andrographis paniculata  and evaluate antibacterial method.Methods: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Andrographis paniculata leaves was done by using 1mM AgNO3 solution and incubates 24hr at room temperature.  Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was done by        UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR analysis, SEM analysis and  antibacterial activity.Results: In this result synthesized AgNPs from leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata showed potential antibacterial activity with various human pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity of the silver nanoparticles was performed by a disk diffusion method. The highest antibacterial activity of AgNPs synthesized by Androraphis paniculata  leaf  was found against Salmonella typhi (30 mm). The AgNPs synthesized in this process were found to have efficient antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria.Conclusion: In totality, the AgNPs prepared are safe to be discharged in the environment and possibly utilized in processes of pollution remediation.  AgNPs may also be efficiently utilized in agricultural research to obtain better health of crop plants as shown by our study. The study concluded that the AgNPs from Andrographis paniculata leaf extract have potential antibacterial activity

Adoption Behaviour of ELS cotton growers in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu

The present study was taken up to analyse the adoption behaviour of ELS cotton growers in Vellore district of Tamil Nadu. The study was taken up in two blocks of Vellore district namely, Tirupattur and Kandhili blocks. The data were collected from 132 cotton growers using a well structured interview schedule and analysed.The study revealed that less than two- thirds of the respondents had medium level of adoption followed by high and low levels

Concentration of CO<SUB>2</SUB> over melting ice oscillates

We report that the concentration of CO2 over melting ice oscillates as long as water and ice coexist. A phenomenological model involving melting of CO2 containing ice leading to its release, readsorption of the vapor on ice, and dissolution in water is proposed. Thermokinetics of these processes lead to nonlinearity of the dynamics. This phenomenon is also observed over impure ice contaminated with salts or in the presence of nitrogen or air. Oscillations have been observed in several other solute or ice-water systems

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis of Cinnamomum Tamala Leaf Extract

Objective: The purpose of the study is to assess the properties and bioactive components of Cinnamomum tamala leaves. Methods: The leaves of Cinnamomum tamala were extracted. Different experimental methods have been used to study the phytochemicals (qualitative and quantitative). The phytochemical screening was evaluated in different extractions such as aqueous, hexane, ethanol, petroleum ether and hydroethanolic to compare the solubility of various bioactive components. Further, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were also performed to study the presence of flavonoids and secondary metabolites respectively. Results: The Qualitative analysis showed the presence of phytochemical compounds in higher concentration in hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. In comparison with other extracts, hydroethanolic extract had larger yields of flavonoids (186.42 ± 13.04 mg/g QE), phenols (226.34 ± 15.84 mg/g GAE), saponins (112.10 ± 7.84 mg/g) and steroids (161.30 ± 11.29 mg/g CL). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids in hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. GC-MS analysis proved the presence of various bioactive compounds in the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated the significance of the leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. We concluded that Cinnamomum tamala leaves have various biological activities which can treat diseases.

Biocontrol with Trichoderma species for the management of postharvest crown rot of banana

Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum musae cause the postharvest crown rot disease complex of banana. In vitro experiments evaluated the effect of twelve isolates of Trichoderma spp. from the soil of organic banana orchards (‘native isolates’) and eight isolates of Trichoderma spp. from culture collections (‘introduced isolates’) on the two pathogens. The native and introduced Trichoderma spp. had varied antagonistic effects against the two pathogens. Eight Trichoderma spp. isolates effective in the in vitro assays were evaluated singly on fruits both at room temperature and in cold storage. Single antagonists did not satisfactorily control crown rot on the fruits as compared with the fungicide carbendazim. However, two isolates of T. viride, one of T. harzianum and one of T. koningii performed well when applied singly, and these were selected for evaluation in isolate mixtures. There was very little antagonism between these isolates. Of 11 two-way, three-way and four-way mixtures of these isolates, the four-way and a three-way mixtures reduced crown rot incidence, both at room temperature and in cold storage, giving better control than carbendazim. The study identified consortia of compatible Trichoderma antagonists with superior biocontrol potential for the management of the postharvest crown rot complex of banana

Pirfenidone Induced Photosensitivity Reaction in a Patient with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Drug-induced photosensitivity refers to the development of cutaneous disease as a result of combined effects of a chemical and light. Photosensitivity reactions may result from systemic medications and topically applied compounds. Pirfenidone is known to cause photosensitivity reactions, rash, pruritus and dry skin at high doses. However, similar adverse reactions with low doses of Pirfenidone have not been reported. We report a case of photosensitivity reaction induced by low- dose Pirfenidone in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

Automatic Kidney Stone Detection Using Deep learning Method

Kidney stone disease is a common urological illness that affects millions of people worldwide. The identification of kidney stones early and accurately is critical for timely intervention and effective management of this illness. Deep learning approaches have showed promising results in a variety of medical image processing jobs in recent years. This paper describes a novel deep learning-based approach for automatic kidney stone diagnosis utilising medical imaging data. A convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is used in the suggested method to identify and classify kidney stones in medical photographs. A huge collection of kidney stone images is first collected and preprocessed to ensure homogeneity and improve feature extraction capabilities. To optimise its performance, the CNN model is trained on this dataset using a large number of annotated samples. The trained CNN model distinguishes kidney stone presence from healthy regions in medical pictures with good accuracy and robustness. It detects kidney stones of various sizes and shapes while overcoming hurdles given by different stone compositions and human anatomy. Furthermore, the deep learning model has fast processing speeds, making it suited for real-time clinical applications. Extensive validation and testing on an independent dataset are performed to evaluate the model's performance. The results show that the proposed deep learning method is effective in autonomous kidney stone identification, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy metrics comparable to or exceeding those of existing classical methods

Thioridazine: a potential adjuvant in pharmacotherapy of drug resistant tuberculosis Ki

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite advances in control strategies, inadequate treatment and failure to comply with drug regimens have resulted in TB to emerge as one of the most common and deadly infectious diseases worldwide. The emergence of drug-resistant TBhas evolved as a formidable obstacle for comprehensive TB control. Drug-resistant TB can be classified as multi-drug-resistant TB, extensively drug-resistant TB and totally drug resistant TB (TDR-TB). There is a paucity in the development of new drugs against drug-resistant mycobacteria. The focus has shifted to the exploration of anti-mycobacterial properties of drugs approved for other indications. Thioridazine, a drug approved for use in schizophrenia is one such potential agent, which has shown anti-mycobacterial activity. There is evidence of anti-mycobacterial action of Thioridazine in in-vitro and mouse models. There is a compelling need for new anti-mycobacterial drugs that are more effective and have less toxicity. Further clinical trials are advocated favoring the use of thioridazine as an adjuvant in the treatment of TB, especially TDR-TB

Investigations on selected ecological parameters of Tuticorin Bay, Gulf of Mannar, south-east coast of India with emphasis on suitability for mariculture

A study was conducted for a period of two years from 2017 to 2018 to assess the health of Tuticorin Bay, south-east coast of India. Water and sediment quality parameters, total clam density, heavy metal content in the sediment and clam tissue samples from four sites were used as the criteria for health assessment. High values of parameters like salinity (38.3±5.04 ppt) and ammonia (0.09±0.04 mg l-1) were observed at the station close to the thermal power station and high nitrite (0.688±0.13 μg l-1) and total suspended solids (380.3±0.04 mgl-1) were observed at the station close to Koramballam freshwater creek. Most of the water quality variables were within the standard limit prescribed for aquaculture activities. The organic matter content in the sediment of the bay ranged from 0.26 to 5.17%. Comparatively low heavy metal concentration was observed both in the sediment and clam tissue samples. The metals were found accumulated in the order of Fe>Mn> Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd in the sediment samples and in the order Fe>Pb>Mn>Cu>Cd>Ni in clam tissue samples. The estimated levels were also within the permissible limits for most of the metals. The study indicated that Tuticorin Bay is suitable for mariculture activities