Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Local and Imported Citrus

Indonesia horticultural product has experienced major implication from global free trade. Quantity of imported fruits was increased rapidly during the last ten years under implication of free trade. In spite implies market positively by boosting consumption and market growth, imports also implies increasing competition between imported and local fruit. Increase of imports has significantly affect production by decreasing number of certain scale of farm whose growth local product. It is important measuring whether the market and costumer response due the competition between locally grown and imported fruits.  The study intended to (1) examined the difference of demands between local citrus and imported one. (2) measured demographic factors that influence costumer choice to buy local or imported citrus,  and (3) examined product attributes that influence consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for local and imported citrus. The study was conducted in Malang district, East Java, Indonesia.  Respondents were determined by purposive quota sampling method. WTP data was collected refer to modified “Vickrey Auction” principles. Binary Logit Regression and Ordinary Least Square analysis have been employed respectively to measure demographic factor that influenced costumer decision and examine the product attributes related to costumer WTP.   The study has revealed that there were a different demand curve pattern and different own price elasticity between locally grown and imported citrus.  Higher Income, higher number of dependant and younger costumer has driven higher probability on consuming imported citrus. This research also shown that color, safety, healthy and packaging significantly affect costumer willingness to pay for imported citrus, while taste and safety was significant for local citrus. The findings indicated that in certain market, consumer would pay higher price to afford imported citrus, which placed locally grown citrus in the high competition. Higher incomes will increase imported citrus consumption. Meanwhile, color and packaging are factors that must be considered by citrus local grower to win the competition. Keywords: import; demand; locally grown; competition; willingness to pay; citrus

Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Persepsi Harga dengan Penggunaan Pestisida dalam Usahatani

The use of pesticides for certain crops can not be avoided because of the character of the plant, one of which is coffee. Pesticides in the cultivation of coffee is often used unwisely, excessive doses and the use of an incorrect type, the effect is potentially decreasing the quality of the coffee. As the times and the changing mindset of consumers about organic farming encourage to consume organic coffee products. This is evidenced by the increasing demand than available supply. The aim of this study are: 1) Knowing the main source of information used by farmers in the purchase decision and the use of pesticides in the cultivation of coffee; 2) Determine the relationship of knowledge to the purchase decision and the use of pesticides in the cultivation of coffee; 3) Knowing the relationship of knowledge to the effectiveness of the use of pesticides in the cultivation of coffee. The study was conducted in the village Sumber Tempur Wonosari Subdistrict precisely in farmer groups Sumber Makmur I census method against 30 members of farmer groups. The results showed that 1) The source of information is important in decision making pesticide use in coffee farming is a row; Reference Group, Recommendations other institutions, consumer preferences, and family references; 2) Correlation analysis showed that the knowledge of the specifications of pesticides (0.72), knowledge threshold HPT attack (0.60) is strongly correlated with the complexity of the use of pesticides; 3) Correlation analysis showed that the knowledge of the specifications of pesticides (0.69), knowledge threshold HPT attack (0.76) is strongly correlated with the effectiveness of the use of pesticides