Physico-chemical parameters and trophic status of an acidic lake in Hutan Simpan Ayer Hitam, Puchong

Relationship between physico-chemical parameters including pH, Temperature, total dissolved solid, dissolved oxygen, light intensity, ammonia, nitrate, silica, and phosphate with microalgae diversity were studied. Water sampling water was conducted biweekly for 4 months from October 2015 to February 2016 for 15 weeks in North Lake of Hutan Simpan Ayer Hitam Puchong. Physico-chemical parameters were determined at site and laboratory. Data analysis including Pearson Correlation Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, and Canonical Correspondence Analysis were carried out. Green algae, Staurastrum sp. and Chlamydomonas have a positive correlation with pH and total dissolved solid. Cosmarium spp. have a positive correlation with dissolved oxygen and have association with increased pH and ammonia. Diatom, Navicula sp. have high negative correlation with pH and have association with increased of silica. Dinoflagellates, Gymnodinium sp. and Gonyaulax apiculata both have high negative correlation with pH. Gymnodinium sp. have association with increased phosphate and temperature. Gonyaulax apiculata have a positive correlation with temperature. Based on research, this lake were slightly acidic but remains oligotrophic North Lake of Hutan Simpan Ayer Hitam Puchong are acidic but oligotrophic due to pH in range of acidic condition but below the boundary of phosphate concentration from 0.01mg/L to 0.075mg/L suggested by USEPA (2002) in aquatic systems

Current status of algae biodiversity and succession in North Lake of Hutan Simpan Ayer Hitam, Puchong

This study presents data on the diversity and succession of algae in North Lake, Hutan Simpan Air Hitam (HSAH) as well as its relationship with chemical and physical factors. Algae samples were collected weekly from three different sites in North Lake started from October 2015 until January 2016 (15 weeks). Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, light, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid (TDS) and nutrients statuses were measured simultaneously. A total of 18 species were recorded comprising Bacillariophyta (3 species), Charophyta (4 species), Chlorophyta (4 species), Cyanobacteria (2 species), Dinophyta (4 species), and Ochrophyta (1 species). The highest total density of algal cells were phyla Dinophyta (24%) followed by Charophyta (22%), Bacillariophyta (19%), Ochrophyta (18%), Cyanophyta (10%) and Chlorophyta (7%). Dinobryon sertularia was the most frequent species found throughout the 15 weeks of sampling and became dominant in week 3, 4, 6, 10 and 13; whereas Staurastrum sp. achieved the highest algal counts in week 1 and 2. Gonyaulax apiculata was dominant during week 5, 8, 14 and 15. The Shannon-Weaver diversity Index, H’ classified North Lake as being moderately polluted, whereas the pH values indicates that the lake was quite acidic by having pH lower than 7 and ranged between 4.28 and 5.57. The occurrence of some phytoplankton groups may be influenced by pH, as has been found in acidic natural lakes and also in extremely acidic lakes around the world. In addition, other physico-chemical factors may also give impact on algae structure and community

KUALITAS KARKAS TERNAK BABI GROWER YANG MENGGUNAKAN TEPUNG KULIT KOPI SEBAGAI PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN DEDAK PADA RANSUM

EFFECT OF COFFEE SKIN FLOUR AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR RICE BRAN IN THE RATION ON CARCASS QUALITY OF GROWER PIGS. Research entitled effect of coffee skin flour in the ration of grower phase pig on slaughter weight, carcass length and carcass percentage have been done. Research conducted for 52 days using 16 Landrace pigs. Methods of randomized block design were used. Four replication as group of weight was used and treatments were four level of coffee skin flour of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%. The research variables are slaughter weight, carcass length and carcass percentage. Results of statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between treatments and the percentage of carcasses and slaughter weight (P> 0.05). The mean of slaughter weight is 76.68 kg and the average of carcass percentage is 63.80%. Analysis of variance showed that there is highly significant difference (P<0.01) between treatments and the length of carcass. Further test by the least significance difference method indicates that there was no significant difference on carcass length between R0 and R1, R2 and R3. There was also no significant difference on carcass length between R1 and R2, R1 and R3, and R2 and R3. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the use of coffee skin flour as a substitution as much as 25% of in the ration can increase the length of the carcass.Keywords: carcass length and carcass percentage, flour coffee skin, slaughter weight, pork

Application of Rational Second Kind Chebyshev Functions for System of Integrodifferential Equations on Semi-Infinite Intervals

Rational Chebyshev bases and Galerkin method are used to obtain the approximate solution of a system of high-order integro-differential equations on the interval [0,∞). This method is based on replacement of the unknown functions by their truncated series of rational Chebyshev expansion. Test examples are considered to show the high accuracy, simplicity, and efficiency of this method

Protecting biodiversity outside natural forests: environmental-friendly oil palm plantations as an off-reserve strategy in Peninsular Malaysia

Malaysian palm oil industry has been associated with tropical deforestation and faunal biodiversity loss. Despite the numerous forest reserves and protected areas, biodiversity conservation should be extended into agricultural areas including commercial oil palm. Scientific studies have clearly demonstrated that oil palm monocultures are poor substitute to natural forests. However, those studies have also indicated that oil palm-dominated landscapes support substantial biodiversity including forest species. With respect to ecological services, some species are known to be important in controlling pest outbreaks in oil palm plantations. Previous studies have shown that oil palm cultivations are effective carbon sinks. The central remaining knowledge gap of how palm oil-producing countries should conserve biodiversity within the existing oil palm plantations and smallholdings is addressed in this study. Thus, thematic review process that was organized around a topic of interest was used. In more specific, 53 journal articles investigating or highlighting the impacts of commodity crops cultivation on biodiversity were reviewed. It was proposed that oil palm-dominated landscapes be managed for conservation outcomes similar to that have been implemented in forest reserves and protected areas

Purification and properties of a new dehalogenase enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. B6P grow in 3- chloropropionate (3CP)

Halogenated compounds are widely used in agriculture and industries and have been associated with environmental pollution. Degradation of 3-chloropropionate (3CP) by microorganism has been established and this enzyme could only remove halogen atom at the â- position of 3-carbon alkanoic acids. Pseudomonas sp. B6P was originally isolated from paddy field which was able to degrade 3CP therefore, suggesting it may have some desirable properties. The enzyme was purified from cell-free extracts having a monomer of 56,000 Da. It was found to be stable between pH 5 to 8 and its optimal pH was 8. Its activity was not affected by metal ions such as Mn2+, Fe3+ and Mg2+, but was inhibited by Hg2+ and Ag2+. The enzyme is specific for 3CP, and the Km value (0.20 mM ± 0.05).Key words: Biodegradation, 3-chloropropionic acid, dehalogenase,  bioremediation, haloalkanoic acid, Pseudomonas sp.B6P

Ankle fractures: the operative outcome

Ankle fractures are commonly seen in orthopaedic practice. This retrospective study of patients with ankle fractures who underwent surgical treatment in our institution from January 2000 to December 2003 was undertaken to analyze the common causes and patterns of ankle fractures; and the functional outcome of operative treatment for these fractures. Eighty patients were identified and reviewed. There were 65 male (81.3%) and 15 female patients (18.7%) with age ranging from 13 to 71 years old (mean, 32.3y). Common causes of ankle fractures were trauma (especially motor vehicle accidents), sports injuries and the osteoporotic bones in the elderly. Weber C (64.0%) was the most common pattern of fracture at presentation. The most common operative treatment for ankle fractures was open reduction and internal fixation (73 patients, 91.2%). Excellent and good outcomes were achieved in 93.8% of cases when measured using the Olerud and Molander scoring system for foot and ankle. In conclusion, operative treatment for ankle fractures restores sufficient stability and allowed mobility of the ankle joint

New construction of wavelets base on floor function.

In this paper, the properties of the floor function has been used to find a function which is one on the interval [0, 1) and is zero elsewhere. The suitable dilation and translation parameters lead us to get similar function corresponding to the interval [a,b)[a,b). These functions and their combinations enable us to represent the stepwise functions as a function of floor function. We have applied this method on Haar wavelet, Sine–Cosine wavelet, Block-Pulse functions and Hybrid Fourier Block-Pulse functions to get the new representations of these functions