Invasiveness of allochthonous macroinvertebrate and fish species of the Danube river

Istraživanje alohtone faune makroinvertebrata i riba Dunava rađeno je na osnovu uzoraka prikupljenih tokom avgusta i septembra 2007. i 2013. godine. U radu je dat detaljan pregled alohtone komponente sa tri aspekta: taksonomska i zoogeografska analiza, testiranje indeksa za ocenu pritisaka i procena invazibilnosti područja, kao i korelacija nivoa bioloških invazija i izabranih parametara pritiska. Posebno je obrađen predlog mera za smanjenje stope unosa i širenja ranije već introdukovanih alohtonih vrsta, kao i za smanjenje pritiska. Analizom materijala zabeležena je 31 alohtona vrsta makroinvertebrata. Najveći broj vrsta pripada rakovima – grupa Malacostraca, poreklom iz Ponto-kaspijskog regiona. Analizom uzoraka ribljih zajednica ukupno je registrovano 13 alohtonih vrsta poreklom iz tri biogeografske regije čiji su predstavnici podjednako zastupljeni: Pontokaspijske, Severno-američke i Azijske. Razmatranjem načina unosa i sredstava kojima su vrste raširene van granica nativnog areala, možemo konstatovati da je za mali broj vrsta makroinvertebrata dokazano da je u širenju areala bilo neposrednog uticaja antopogene aktivnosti, dok je za disperziju riba antropogena aktivnost dominantna. Prisustvo alohtone faune po sektorima Dunava je ujednačeno i za makroinvertebrate i za ribe, sa značajnim opterećenjem alohtonom faunom u gornjem i srednjem delu toka. Osam vrsta makroinvertebrata i sedam vrsta riba ima visok potencijal za širenjem areala, uspostavljanjem populacija i visok potencijal da prouzrokuje ekološke i negativne socio-ekonomske usled čega su stavljene na Crnu listu. Visok nivo biološkog zagađenja procenjen je za sedam vrsta makroinvertebrata i tri vrste riba: Chelicorophium curvispinum, Corbicula fluminea, Dikerogammarus villosus, Dreissena polymorpha, Dreissena bugensis, Pectinatella magnifica, Sinanodonta woodiana, Carassius gibelio, Lepomis gibosus i Neogobius melanostomus. Na osnovu ukupne ocene invazibilnosti područja glavnog toka Dunava u Srbiji dobijene na osnovu izabranih parametara za koje se pretpostavlja da doprinose intenzitetu bioloških invazija možemo zaključiti da je sektor od Beograda do brane „Đerdap I“ najosetljiviji na biološko zagađenje, kao i lokalitet nizvodno od Novog Sada...Investigation of allochthonous macroinvertebrates and fish species of the Danube River was based on samples collected during August and September 2007 and 2013. Detailed overview of allochthonous species was presented regarding: taxonomic and zoogeographic analyses, testing of indices and risk assessment procedure and invasiveness of the area, as well as correlation of the level of biological invasions and selected parameters of pressures. Further steps for reduction of new invasions, spreading already established allochthonous species and reduction of pressures were pointed separately. In total, 31 allochthonous macroinvertebrate species were registered. The most numerous were Crustaceans – group Malacostraca, originate from Ponto-caspian region. Among fish, 11 allochthonous species were detected from three different biogeographic region: Ponto-caspian, North American and Asian. Regarding the mode of arrival and pathway we may conclude that the large majority of non-indigenous fish species and only few macroinvertebrate species were introduced as a direct effect of human intervention. Analysis of allochthonous fauna showed that Upper and Middle sectors of the Danube are most affected. Due to high potential to spread, high potential for establishment in new environment and high potential to cause ecological and negative socio-economic impacts, eight macroinvertebrate and seven fish species were specified as Black list alien species. For seven macroinvertebrate and three fish species high level of Biological contamination Index was estimated: Chelicorophium curvispinum, Corbicula fluminea, Dikerogammarus villosus, Dreissena polymorpha, Dreissena bugensis, Pectinatella magnifica, Sinanodonta woodiana, Carassius gibelio, Lepomis gibosus i Neogobius melanostomus. Based on the overall analyses of selected parameters assumed that are important for intensity of biological invasions, we may conclude that part of the Danube stretch between Belgrade and Iron Gate I dam, as well as locality downstream Novi Sad are most affected regarding biological contamination..

Multi-objective fuzzy optimization of sizing and location of piezoelectric actuators and sensors for vibration control based on the particle swarm optimization technique (part 1: Theoretical model)

Određivanje veličine i položaja piezoelektričnih aktuatora i senzora za aktivno upravljanje vibracijama savitljivih struktura obično je bazirano na maksimalnoj efikasnosti upravljanja i postizanja maksimalnog izlaza za modove vibracija od interesa. Integracija piezoelektričnih delova utiče na masu i dinamičke performanse bazične strukutre. Ovo je prvi deo istraživanja koje predstavlja teorijski razvoj višeciljne fazi optimizacione tehnike za određivanje položaja i veličine piezoelektričnih aktuatora i senzora na tankozidnoj kompozitnoj gredi. Kriterijumi optimizacije za određivanje optimalne veličine i položaja piezoelektričnih aktuatora i senzora zasnivaju se na stepenu upravljivosti upravljanih modova. Procedura optimizacije obuhvata ograničenje promene prvobitnih dinamičkih karakteristika i ograničenje u porastu mase. Pseudociljna funkcija, zasnovana na teoriji fazi skupova, daje izraz za globalnu ciljnu funkciju eliminišući upotrebu težinskih koeficijenata i kaznenih funkcija. Optimizacija rojem čestica je upotrebljena za nalaženje optimalne konfiguracije.Sizing and location of the piezoelectric actuators and sensors for vibration control of flexible structures is usually based on maximum control effectiveness and achieving the maximum output for the vibration in the modes of interests. Integration of piezoelectric patches affects the mass and the original dynamic properties of the parent structure. This is the first part of the two-paper research which presents the theoretical development of the multi-objective fuzzy optimization technique of sizing and location of the collocated piezoelectric actuators and sensors on the thin-walled composite beam. The optimization criteria for the optimal size and location of piezoelectric A/Ss are based on the degree of controllability (DC) for controlled modes. The optimization procedure implies the constraining of the original dynamic properties change and the limitation of the mass increase. A pseudogoal function, derived based on the fuzzy set theory, gives an expression for global objective functions eliminating the use of weighting coefficients and penalty functions. the particle swarm optimization technique is used to find the optimal configuration.

Multi-objective fuzzy optimization of sizing and location of piezoelectric actuators and sensors for vibration control based on the particle swarm optimization technique (part 1: Theoretical model)

Određivanje veličine i položaja piezoelektričnih aktuatora i senzora za aktivno upravljanje vibracijama savitljivih struktura obično je bazirano na maksimalnoj efikasnosti upravljanja i postizanja maksimalnog izlaza za modove vibracija od interesa. Integracija piezoelektričnih delova utiče na masu i dinamičke performanse bazične strukutre. Ovo je prvi deo istraživanja koje predstavlja teorijski razvoj višeciljne fazi optimizacione tehnike za određivanje položaja i veličine piezoelektričnih aktuatora i senzora na tankozidnoj kompozitnoj gredi. Kriterijumi optimizacije za određivanje optimalne veličine i položaja piezoelektričnih aktuatora i senzora zasnivaju se na stepenu upravljivosti upravljanih modova. Procedura optimizacije obuhvata ograničenje promene prvobitnih dinamičkih karakteristika i ograničenje u porastu mase. Pseudociljna funkcija, zasnovana na teoriji fazi skupova, daje izraz za globalnu ciljnu funkciju eliminišući upotrebu težinskih koeficijenata i kaznenih funkcija. Optimizacija rojem čestica je upotrebljena za nalaženje optimalne konfiguracije.Sizing and location of the piezoelectric actuators and sensors for vibration control of flexible structures is usually based on maximum control effectiveness and achieving the maximum output for the vibration in the modes of interests. Integration of piezoelectric patches affects the mass and the original dynamic properties of the parent structure. This is the first part of the two-paper research which presents the theoretical development of the multi-objective fuzzy optimization technique of sizing and location of the collocated piezoelectric actuators and sensors on the thin-walled composite beam. The optimization criteria for the optimal size and location of piezoelectric A/Ss are based on the degree of controllability (DC) for controlled modes. The optimization procedure implies the constraining of the original dynamic properties change and the limitation of the mass increase. A pseudogoal function, derived based on the fuzzy set theory, gives an expression for global objective functions eliminating the use of weighting coefficients and penalty functions. the particle swarm optimization technique is used to find the optimal configuration.

Structural adaptation of Salsola soda L. (Chenopodiaceae) from inland and maritime saline area

The microscopic analysis of leaf and stem in two populations of Salsola soda was carried out in order to examine mechanism of anatomical adaptations to environmental condition on saline habitats and to determine if there exists a morpho-anatomical differentiation between populations from maritime and inland saline area. Analysis included 26 quantitative characters of leaf and stem. The results showed that both populations exhibited halomorphic and xeromorphic adaptations, which refered to ecological plasticity and adaptations of plants to their habitats. Our research also showed that S. soda had quite a stable morphoanatomical structure, since only quantitative changes were recorded. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 173002

Multi-objective fuzzy optimization of sizing and location of piezoelectric actuators and sensors for vibration control based on the particle swarm optimization technique: Part 2: Numerical analysis

Ovo je drugi deo istraživanja višeciljne fazi optimizacije veličine i položaja piezoelektričnih aktuatora i senzora na tankozidnoj kompozitnoj gredi. Prvi rad je fokusiran na teorijskom modelu optimizacione tehnike za optimalno dimenzionisanje i postavljanje piezoelektičnih aktuatora i senzora na pametnu strukturu za aktivno upravljanje vibracijama. U ovom delu, biće prikazana numerička analiza predstavljene optimizacione tehnike za kompozitnu konzolu sa i bez ograničenja u pogledu stepena upravljivosti za rezidualne modove.This is the second part of a two-paper research of the multi-objective fuzzy optimization of sizing and location of the collocated piezoelectric actuators and sensors on the thin-walled composite beam. The first paper is focussed on the theoretical model of a optimization techique for optimal sizing and location of piezoelectric actuators and sensors on a smart structure for active vibration control. In this part, the numerical analysis of the presented optimization technique will be presented for the cantilever composite beam with and without limitations in degrees of controllability (DCs) for residual modes

Multi-objective fuzzy optimization of sizing and location of piezoelectric actuators and sensors for vibration control based on the particle swarm optimization technique: Part 2: Numerical analysis

Ovo je drugi deo istraživanja višeciljne fazi optimizacije veličine i položaja piezoelektričnih aktuatora i senzora na tankozidnoj kompozitnoj gredi. Prvi rad je fokusiran na teorijskom modelu optimizacione tehnike za optimalno dimenzionisanje i postavljanje piezoelektičnih aktuatora i senzora na pametnu strukturu za aktivno upravljanje vibracijama. U ovom delu, biće prikazana numerička analiza predstavljene optimizacione tehnike za kompozitnu konzolu sa i bez ograničenja u pogledu stepena upravljivosti za rezidualne modove.This is the second part of a two-paper research of the multi-objective fuzzy optimization of sizing and location of the collocated piezoelectric actuators and sensors on the thin-walled composite beam. The first paper is focussed on the theoretical model of a optimization techique for optimal sizing and location of piezoelectric actuators and sensors on a smart structure for active vibration control. In this part, the numerical analysis of the presented optimization technique will be presented for the cantilever composite beam with and without limitations in degrees of controllability (DCs) for residual modes

The influence of the UV irradiation intensity on photocatalytic activity of ZnAl layered double hydroxides and derived mixed oxides

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been studied to a great extent as environmental-friendly complex materials that can be used as photocatalysts or photocatalyst supports. ZnAl layered double hydroxides and their derived mixed oxides were chosen for the investigation of photocatalytic performances in correlation with the UV intensities measured in the South Pannonia region. Low supersaturation coprecipitation method was used for the ZnAl LDH synthesis. For the characterization of LDH and thermal treated samples powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), nitrogen adsorption-desorption were used. The decomposition of azodye, methylene blue was chosen as photocatalytic test reaction. The study showed that the ZnAl mixed oxide obtained by thermal decomposition of ZnAl LDH has stable activity in the broader UV light irradiation range characterizing the selected region. Photocatalytic activity could be mainly attributed to the ZnO phase, detected both in LDH and thermally treated samples. The study showed that the ZnAl mixed oxide obtained by the calcination of ZnAl LDH has a stable activity within the measured UV light irradiation range; whereas the parent ZnAl LDH catalyst did not perform satisfactory when low UV irradiation intensity is implied

Fusion excitation function revisited

We report on a comprehensive systematics of fusion-evaporation and/or fusion-fission cross sections for a very large variety of systems over an energy range 4-155 A.MeV. Scaled by the reaction cross sections, fusion cross sections do not show a universal behavior valid for all systems although a high degree of correlation is present when data are ordered by the system mass asymmetry.For the rather light and close to mass-symmetric systems the main characteristics of the complete and incomplete fusion excitation functions can be precisely determined. Despite an evident lack of data above 15A.MeV for all heavy systems the available data suggests that geometrical effects could explain the persistence of incomplete fusion at incident energies as high as 155A.MeV.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, contribution to the NN2012 Proceeding

Experimental investigation of spillover effect in system of active vibration control

Piezoelektrični aktuatori se uveliko primenjuju za aktivno upravljanje vibracijama na raznim strukturama sa ciljem povećanja performansi sistema. Razvijeni sistem aktivnog upravljanja vibracijama se sastoji od aktivnije strukture, kontrolera i visokonaponskih pojačivača. U ovom radu, kompozitna greda predstavlja osnovnu strukturu za senzorsku (merne trake) i aktuatorsku (dvoslojni PZT piezoelektrični aktuator) platformu. U cilju unapređenja dinamičkih karakteristika aktivnog sistema vršena je promena koeficijenata PID regulatora. Efikasnost sistema aktivnog upravljanja vibracijama za posmatrani mod oscilovanja se može povećati promenom koeficijenata PID regulatora, ali u isto vreme moguće je narušiti stabilnost sistema. Nestabilnost sistema je najčešće uslovljena pojavom 'spillover' efekta. U ovom radu predstavljen je značaj 'spillover' efekta u zatvorenim petljama piezoelektričnih aktivnih struktura, kao i značaj promene koeficijenata PID regulatora na stabilnost sistema. Eksperimentalni rezultati sistema aktivnog prigušenja vibracija su predstavljeni u radu i daju jednu od mogućnosti za povećanje stabilnosti upravljanih struktura.Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in structural systems for active vibration control with the aim to enhance the performance of systems. The developed system of active vibration control consists of active structure, controller and high voltage amplifier. In this paper, the composite beam is host structure for sensor platform (strain gages) and actuator platform (dual layer PZT piezoelectric actuator). In order to improve the dynamic characteristics of active system, the coefficients of PID controller are changed. The effectiveness of active vibration control system at mode of interest can be improved with change of PID coefficients, but the stability of system can be reduced. The instability of the active structure is often perturbed by spillover effect. In this paper the importance of considering spillover effects in closed loop of piezoelectric active structures is demonstrated and shown the importance of change the PID coefficients in stability of active vibration control system. Experimental results which correspond to the developed active vibration control system are presented and affirmed stability on proposed active structure

Experimental investigation of spillover effect in system of active vibration control

Piezoelektrični aktuatori se uveliko primenjuju za aktivno upravljanje vibracijama na raznim strukturama sa ciljem povećanja performansi sistema. Razvijeni sistem aktivnog upravljanja vibracijama se sastoji od aktivnije strukture, kontrolera i visokonaponskih pojačivača. U ovom radu, kompozitna greda predstavlja osnovnu strukturu za senzorsku (merne trake) i aktuatorsku (dvoslojni PZT piezoelektrični aktuator) platformu. U cilju unapređenja dinamičkih karakteristika aktivnog sistema vršena je promena koeficijenata PID regulatora. Efikasnost sistema aktivnog upravljanja vibracijama za posmatrani mod oscilovanja se može povećati promenom koeficijenata PID regulatora, ali u isto vreme moguće je narušiti stabilnost sistema. Nestabilnost sistema je najčešće uslovljena pojavom 'spillover' efekta. U ovom radu predstavljen je značaj 'spillover' efekta u zatvorenim petljama piezoelektričnih aktivnih struktura, kao i značaj promene koeficijenata PID regulatora na stabilnost sistema. Eksperimentalni rezultati sistema aktivnog prigušenja vibracija su predstavljeni u radu i daju jednu od mogućnosti za povećanje stabilnosti upravljanih struktura.Piezoelectric actuators are widely used in structural systems for active vibration control with the aim to enhance the performance of systems. The developed system of active vibration control consists of active structure, controller and high voltage amplifier. In this paper, the composite beam is host structure for sensor platform (strain gages) and actuator platform (dual layer PZT piezoelectric actuator). In order to improve the dynamic characteristics of active system, the coefficients of PID controller are changed. The effectiveness of active vibration control system at mode of interest can be improved with change of PID coefficients, but the stability of system can be reduced. The instability of the active structure is often perturbed by spillover effect. In this paper the importance of considering spillover effects in closed loop of piezoelectric active structures is demonstrated and shown the importance of change the PID coefficients in stability of active vibration control system. Experimental results which correspond to the developed active vibration control system are presented and affirmed stability on proposed active structure