Prevention of non-communicable disease in a population in nutrition transition: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study phase II

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) is a long term integrated community-based program for prevention of non-communicable disorders (NCD) by development of a healthy lifestyle and reduction of NCD risk factors. The study begun in 1999, is ongoing, to be continued for at least 20 years. A primary survey was done to collect baseline data in 15005 individuals, over 3 years of age, selected from cohorts of three medical heath centers. A questionnaire for past medical history and data was completed during interviews; blood pressure, pulse rate, and anthropometrical measurements and a limited physical examination were performed and lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar and 2-hours-postload-glucose challenge were measured. A DNA bank was also collected. For those subjects aged over 30 years, Rose questionnaire was completed and an electrocardiogram was taken. Data collected were directly stored in computers as database software- computer assisted system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of lifestyle modification in preventing or postponing the development of NCD risk factors and outcomes in the TLGS population.</p> <p>Design and methods</p> <p>In phase II of the TLGS, lifestyle interventions were implemented in 5630 people and 9375 individuals served as controls. Primary, secondary and tertiary interventions were designed based on specific target groups including schoolchildren, housewives, and high-risk persons. Officials of various sectors such as health, education, municipality, police, media, traders and community leaders were actively engaged as decision makers and collaborators. Interventional strategies were based on lifestyle modifications in diet, smoking and physical activity through face-to-face education, leaflets & brochures, school program alterations, training volunteers as health team and treating patients with NCD risk factors. Collection of demographic, clinical and laboratory data will be repeated every 3 years to assess the effects of different interventions in the intervention group as compared to control group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This controlled community intervention will test the possibility of preventing or delaying the onset of non-communicable risk factors and disorders in a population in nutrition transition.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ISRCTN52588395</p

Physiology and pathophysiology of gut and brain peptides in man and cat

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D40200/82 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Reading the space through ornamentation

Canada real is a specific linear site outside of Madrid, occupied by low-income inhabitants. The site is fragmented into 5 sectors; however, in terms of building typology, atmosphere, and culture, it is much more diverse in each of the sections. With the filter of ornamentation as my individual topic, i investigated this strip. ornamentation has a rich historical background in architecture and the impulse of ornamentation not only leads to enhancing the formal and structural qualities, but also fills the need of visual and sensual pleasure, which helps the viewer to communicate with the space. The strip was quite divers in terms of typology, materialisation and ornamentation. as a viewer of the space one not only communicates with the space itself but also with its visual aspect. There are various vectors based on which space can be perceived differently. ornamentation is capable of creating uncommon feelings and impressions due to composing common elements. The combination of ordinary elements of a building such as walls and floor and blocks can be read as an ornament only because of an uncommon combination; ornament is neutral in its language but it is playful in its form. layered and in-between spaces, combination of different fragments, and the relation of different characteristics as the main ideas i took from the mapping led me to the idea of a bridge as an architectural space. This bridge is the combination of different characteristics in one, while itself is positioned as a pause between two spaces, uniting them. The program inside is not fixed and can change based on the needs. Because the variety of the characteristics in architectural aspect, the program also is diverse. In this bridge, everyone can have their own pathway, they can wander around narrow and small spaces inside and explore their own spatial interpretation of the bridge. ?Border Conditions and territoriesPublic buildingArchitecture and The Built Environmen

Effect of Magnesium alone and with Iodine on activity of white rat Thyroid

History and Objectives: Considering recent reports on the goitrogenic effect of Magnesium and the effect of iodine on thyroid gland, the present study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of the Magnesium alone and Magnesium alone with Iodine on the activity of thyroid gland on white rat in Ahwaz Medical University. Materials and Methods: An experimental study on 73 rat was conducted. Animals were divided into 3 groups: Control (25 rat), Magnesium group (One gram of Magnesium is given per kilogram food (24 rat) and Iodine-Magnesium group (24 rat). Food was given in the form of pellet. The effect of Magnesium alone and along with Iodine was studied by determination of T3, T4, TSH and T3Uptake (Radioimmunoassay) at the 1.5 and 3.5 month of nutritional supplementation. Results: Blood level of T3 and TSH did not give significant difference in 3 groups. TSH levels in Magnesium group (5.3±0.2 uIU/dl) showed 20% increase compared to the control group (4.4±1.2 uIU/dl, P<0.05) however there no significant difference between Magnesium-Iodine group compared to the control group. T3Uptake levels in the control group (48.6%±0.6) was 9% higher compared to the Magnesium group (44.3%±0.5, P<0.0002) and in the Magnesium-Iodine group was 42.1%±1.2 which had a 13% reduction compared to the control group (P<0.0001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that Magnesium does not have goitrogenic effect however further histological analysis as to the influence of Magnesium on the thyroid gland is suggested

"INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ALUMINIUM ON KCL AND PHENYLEPHRINE INDUCED CONTRACTION IN ISOLATED RAT AORTA"

It has been shown in some investigations that cardiovascular events are the main causes of death in hemodialysis patients. The exact etiology is unknown but some of the articles have reported a relation between aluminium ions in the dialysis solution and cardiovascular disorders. To determine the probable effect of aluminium on vasculature function, in vitro effects of aluminium ion on vasoconstriction induced by KCl (30 mM) or phenylephrine (10 µM) were investigated using isolated rat aorta. AlCl3 (1-4 mM) decreased both KCl and phenylephrine induced contractions in a dose dependent manner (P&lt;0.01). Complete inhibition of the contractions occurred using the higher doses of aluminium. Results of this study suggest that because of inhibitory effects of aluminium on vascular contractions, the probable cardiovascular dysfunction must be considered in aluminium intoxication

Diagnostic Value of C-reactive Protein in Determining of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

This study was designed to evaluate diagnostic value of C-reactive protein in determining of gestational diabetes mellitus. The present case-control study was conducted on 60 pregnant women with GDM (case group) and 120 women with normal pregnancy (control group) referred to Ayatollah Taleghani and mahdiyeh Hospitals. The serum level of qualitative and quantitative CRP was measured and diagnostic value of CRP was determined. In this study information form was completed by interview and sampling was performed by convenience method. Data were analyzed by SPSS-17 and significance level of p&lt;0.05 was considered. Serum CRP value in GDM and control groups was 3/ 59±3/2 and 1/44±3/3 mg/liter, respectively. Regarding to cut-off of 2/2 mg/liter, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of quantitative CRP were 71%, 60%, 47% and 81%, respectively in diagnosis of GDM. The under curve area was 0/70. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of qualitative CRP in diagnosis of GDM was calculated 33/3%, 98/3%, 90% and 74%, respectively. It seems that measuring CRP in pregnant women with GDM risk factors can be used as a simple, new and reliable method to screen gestational diabetes mellitus

Effect of thyroid hormones on distension-induced gastric and Pepsin secretion in the stomach of rat

Abstract: Thyroid hormones are known to influence acid and pepsin secretion, though exact mechanism(s) are not fully understood. In this study distension-stimulated acid and pepsin secretion of hypo and hyperthyroid rats were compared with controls. Each group consisted of 8 N-mari rats from both sexes, weighing 246.6±9.2 g. Hypo and hyperthyroid states were induced by administration of methimazole (500 mg/l H2O) and thyroxine (200 µg/l H2O) respectively in drinking water. All animals were deprived of food, but not of water 24 hours before the experiments. After anesthesiation with sodium thiopental (50 mg/kg body weight, ip), tracheostomy and laparatomy, gastric secretions were collected through a cannula introduced via duodenum. Gastric distension was induced by Ringer solution in stomach (1.5cm³/100gr body weight). Acid secretions which were measured by automatic titrator in the hypothyroid, hyperthyroid and control groups were 8±0.2, 14.6±1.9 and 10.2±0.1 µmol/15min, respectively. Pepsin secretions were 4.4±0.5, 9.09±0.4 and 6.1±0.1 mg/15min in respective groups. Both series show statistically significant differences between control and the other two groups. The results from the measurements of TSH and T4 hormones show that increased or decreased thyroid function can significantly affect gastric distension-induced acid and pepsin secretion. Keywords: Thyroid hormones, Gastric acid secretion, Gastric pepsin secretion, Gastric distension, Ra