34 research outputs found

    Analysis of influence personal computers and mobile phones employs

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    ДослідТСння ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— активності ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρƒ-2.

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    Introduction. Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are some of the main and often the only possible ways to effective control of viral infections. Therefore, the study of antiviral properties of new substances with the known chemical structure is one of the main ways to create new antiviral agents.The aim of the study – to research the antiherpes activity of new aminopropanol-2 derivatives against the herpes simplex virus (HSV) antigenic type 1, strain VC.Research Methods. Antiherpes activity was determined in 8 aminopropanol-2 derivatives: norbornyl containing substance (compound No. 51), substance with cyclic substituents in alkoxi group (compound No. 48), substances with alicyclic substituents in alkoxi group (compounds No. 46, 47, 49, 50, 52 and 53). Evaluation of antiherpes activity of the studied compounds was performed in vitro on cell culture VNK (growing culture of hamster kidney). Ability to reduce of virus infectious titer and chemotherapeutic index (HTI) of the studied compounds was determined.Results and Discussion. It is established that the compound No. 53 inhibits HSV-I reproduction in 2 lg ID50 at a concentration of 1.56 Β΅g/ml. HTI of compound No. 53 is equal to 64, which describes it as an effective inhibitor of HSV-I reproduction. Some antiherpes action in compounds No. 46, 47 and 51 was identified also, their HTI were 8, 4 and 4 respectively. Substances No. 48, 49, 50 and 52 do not showΒ  the antiherpes action.Conclusions. Among all tested aminopropanol-2 derivatives the compound No. 53 with clear antiherpes properties was determined. Compound No. 53 belongs to the substances with alicyclic substituents in alkoxi group and has such chemical formula: 1-(2-methyl-3-butinox)-3-(2.2.6.6-tetramethyl piperidine)-2-propanol hydrochloride. Compound No. 53 as alicyclic substituent in alkoxy group contains 2-methyl-3-butene, and amine moiety of this substance contains the radical 2.2.6.6 – tetramethylpiperidine. The obtained results will be useful in establishing the natural relationships "structure-activity", also it can be used to create active compounds with certain characteristics.ВступлСниС. Π’ связи с Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ химиотСрапия ΠΈ Ρ…ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π° часто ΠΈ СдинствСнно Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ срСдствами эффСктивной Π±ΠΎΡ€ΡŒΠ±Ρ‹ с вирусными инфСкциями, исслСдованиС соСдинСний Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ синтСза с извСстной Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ выявлСния ΠΈΡ… противовирусных свойств остаСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· основных Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ создании Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… противовирусных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². ЦСль исслСдования – ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π°-2 Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ вируса гСрпСса простого (HSV)1-Π³ΠΎ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ°, ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΌ VC.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ исслСдования. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ противогСрпСтичСскоС дСйствиС 8 ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π°-2, срСди ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСство β„– 51 ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ ΠΊ норборнилсодСрТащим соСдинСниям, вСщСство β„– 48 – ΠΊ соСдинСниям с цикличСскими замСститСлями Π² алкоксигруппС, вСщСства β„– 46, 47, 49, 50, 52 ΠΈ 53 ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΊ соСдинСниям  с алицикличСскими замСститСлями Π² алкоксигруппС. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ исслСдуСмых вСщСств ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ in vitro Π½Π° ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ Π’ΠΠš (пСрСвиваСмая ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ хомяка) ΠΏΠΎ сниТСнию ΠΈΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€Π° вируса ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ опрСдСлСния ΠΈΡ… химиотСрапСвтичСского индСкса (Π₯ВИ).Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ обсуТдСниС. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ вСщСство β„– 53 ΡƒΠ³Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ вируса HSV-I Π½Π° 2 lg ID50 Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ 1,56 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ», Π° Π₯ВИ этого соСдинСния равняСтся 64, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ эффСктивный ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ HSV-I. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ выявлСно Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ вСщСств β„– 46, 47 ΠΈ 51, ΠΎ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… Π₯ВИ (8, 4 ΠΈ 4 соотвСтствСнно). ВСщСства β„– 48, 49, 50 ΠΈ 52 Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ противогСрпСтичСского дСйствия.Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ исслСдованных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π°-2 ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ соСдинСниС 1-(2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-3-бутинокси)-3-(2,2,6,6-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ)-2-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ» Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ (вСщСство β„– 53), ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ проявляСт Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ΅ противогСрпСтичСскоС дСйствиС. По химичСской структурС вСщСство β„– 53 относится ΠΊ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ΅ соСдинСний с алицикличСскими замСститСлями Π² алкоксигруппС, Π³Π΄Π΅ алицикличСским замСститСлСм являСтся 2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-3-Π±ΡƒΡ‚Π΅Π½, Π° Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ этого вСщСства содСрТит Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π» 2,2,6,6-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ установлСнии Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… взаимосвязСй β€œΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° – Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒβ€ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒΒ  ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ создании Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… соСдинСний с ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ характСристикамиВступ. Π— огляду Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅, Ρ‰ΠΎ хіміотСрапія Ρ‚Π° Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Ρ–Π»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ” ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π· Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ…,Β  Π° часто Ρ– Ρ”Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ засобами Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ— Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΡŒΠ±ΠΈ Π· вірусними інфСкціями, дослідТСння сполук Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ синтСзу Π· Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡŽ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΎΡŽ стосовно виявлСння Ρ—Ρ… противірусних властивостСй Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡˆΠ°Ρ”Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π· основних ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…Ρ–Π² створСння Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… противірусних ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ–Π².ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚Π° дослідТСння – Π²ΠΈΠ²Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ… сполук Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρƒ-2 відносно вірусу простого гСрпСсу (HSV) 1-Π³ΠΎ Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΡƒ, ΡˆΡ‚Π°ΠΌ VC.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ дослідТСння. Π’ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Ρ–ΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρƒ Ρƒ 8 ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρƒ-2, сСрСд яких сполука β„– 51 Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»Π° Π΄ΠΎ норборніловмісних Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½, сполука β„– 48 – Π΄ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ Ρ–Π· Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ замісниками Π² алкоксигрупі, сполуки β„– 46, 47, 49, 50, 52 Ρ– 53 Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Β Β  Π· Π°Π»Ρ–Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ замісниками Π² алкоксигрупі. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρƒ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒ дослідТуваних Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ ΠΎΡ†Ρ–Π½ΡŽΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ in vitro Π½Π° ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ–Β  ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ Π’ΠΠš (ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‰Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΡŽΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° ΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½ Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΊΠΈ хом’яка) Π·Π° зниТСнням Ρ–Π½Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€Ρƒ вірусу Ρ‚Π° ΡˆΠ»ΡΡ…ΠΎΠΌ визначСння Ρ—Ρ… Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–ΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠ΅Π²Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ індСксу (Π₯Π’Π†). Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΉ обговорСння. ВстановлСно, Ρ‰ΠΎ сполука β„– 53 ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³Π½Ρ–Ρ‡ΡƒΡ” Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†Ρ–ΡŽ вірусу HSV-I Π½Π° 2 lg ID50 Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†Ρ–Ρ— 1,56 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ», Π° Π₯Π’Π† Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”Ρ— Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡ€Ρ–Π²Π½ΡŽΡ” 64, Ρ‰ΠΎ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ” Ρ—Ρ— як  Π΅Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ–Π½Π³Ρ–Π±Ρ–Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†Ρ–Ρ— HSV-I. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ виявлСно дСяку ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρƒ сполук β„– 46, 47 Ρ‚Π° 51, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎ Ρ‰ΠΎ ΡΠ²Ρ–Π΄Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ—Ρ… Π₯Π’Π† (8, 4 Ρ– 4 Π²Ρ–Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΎ). Π Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ β„– 48, 49, 50 Ρ‚Π° 52 Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡ— Π΄Ρ–Ρ—.Висновки. Π‘Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ дослідТСних ΠΏΠΎΡ…Ρ–Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ… Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρƒ-2 Ρ–Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„Ρ–ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ сполуку 1-(2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-3-бутинокси)-3-(2,2,6,6-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΡ–ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎ)-2-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ» Π³Ρ–Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ…Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ (сполука β„– 53), Ρ‰ΠΎ проявляє Π²ΠΈΡ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ³Π΅Ρ€ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρƒ Π΄Ρ–ΡŽ. Π—Π° Ρ…Ρ–ΠΌΡ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΡŽ ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΡŽ сполука β„– 53 Π½Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π΄ΠΎ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ Π· Π°Π»Ρ–Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ замісниками Π² алкоксигрупі, Π΄Π΅ Π°Π»Ρ–Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ–Ρ‡Π½ΠΈΠΌ замісником Ρ” 2-ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»-3-Π±ΡƒΡ‚Π΅Π½, Π° Π°ΠΌΡ–Π½Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ Ρ†Ρ–Ρ”Ρ— Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΡ–ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π» 2,2,6,6-Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΏΡ–ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½. ΠžΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ– Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ корисними ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ встановлСнні Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ–Ρ€Π½ΠΈΡ… взаємозв’язків β€œΡΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° – Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ–ΡΡ‚ΡŒβ€ Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ використані ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ створСнні Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ… сполук  Π· ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ характСристиками.

    Biofouling growth on plastic substrates: Experimental studies in the Black Sea

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    Despite long-term research on marine litter there is still insufficient knowledge about benthic organisms associated with these substrates, especially experimental studies and methodology of sampling for complex biofouling assemblages. To predict the fate of plastic in the marine environment it is necessary to know how long the macrolitter can stay in different sea matrices and what are the steps of colonisation by marine organisms. The experiments were carried out during various seasons in situ in the north-western Black Sea coastal area. Three new types of the experimental constructions intended for different durations of exposure (1–10 months) were designed. This article is the first to present the methodology and the results of complex experiments investigating marine fouling (from microalgae to meio- and macrofauna) on plastic surfaces. Overall, 28 genera of microalgae, 13 major groups of meiobenthos and 36 species of macrofauna were found on plastic during the experiments. The microalgae fouling was mainly formed by representatives of genus Cocconeis. The species composition of microalgae was common for the research area. The average density and biomass of meiobenthos were the greatest on I construction type after 8 months of exposure. In the total macrozoobenthos biomass and density of Bivalvia and Crustacea dominated, respectively. The obtained results on the interaction between fouling organisms and plastic materials in the marine environment form an important contribution to the understanding of the "good ecological status" of the sea. Additional studies based on the tested methodology could be used as a component of ecological monitoring during development and implementation of the approaches of the Marine Strategy (descriptor 10)

    Resonance Microwave Absorption in He II.

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    Microwave (MW) absorption in liquid 4He is investigated in the frequency range of 40-200 GHz at T = 1.4 - 2.5 K. Whispering gallery of waves was generated by a dielectric disc resonator immersed into the liquid. Resonance absorption of MWs was detected at 180.3 GHz, which corresponds to the roton minimum of the liquid helium excitation spectrum. The creation of a single roton is possible because of the presence of the resonator wall which absorbs an extra momentum. The resonance frequency is shown to decreases with temperature in an excellent agreement with the temperature dependence of the roton gap obtained previously in the neutron scattering experiment. The temperature dependence of the MW absorption data indicates the anomalous behavior near the lambda-point and displays the hysteretic character.Comment: 10pages, 8 figure
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