Algorithmic commonalities in the parallel environment

The ultimate aim of this project was to analyze procedures from substantially different application areas to discover what is either common or peculiar in the process of conversion to the Massively Parallel Processor (MPP). Three areas were identified: molecular dynamic simulation, production systems (rule systems), and various graphics and vision algorithms. To date, only selected graphics procedures have been investigated. They are the most readily available, and produce the most visible results. These include simple polygon patch rendering, raycasting against a constructive solid geometric model, and stochastic or fractal based textured surface algorithms. Only the simplest of conversion strategies, mapping a major loop to the array, has been investigated so far. It is not entirely satisfactory

An integrated framework for clinical problem solving in agriculture.

The goal of this paper is to give an overview of a general problem-solving framework for diagnosis, investigation and treatment tasks, that incorporates concepts of abductive inference, fuzzy set logic and decision theory. In this work we focus on the use of this framework in agriculture, with an illustration in corn plantations. The general framework models time durations and intensity of manifestations as fuzzy sets, and, in the particular case of agriculture, it takes into account the favorable conditions for the development of a given disorder and the severity of its manifestations to recommend a treatment, together with other important factors such as risk and cost

Uma abordagem nebulosa para solução de problemas de diagnóstico, investigação e tratamento de desordens.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma abordagem integrada para diagnóstico, investigação e tratamentos de desordens (doenças, falhas de computadores, etc.). Nesta nova abordagem, denominada Teoria das Coberturas Nebulosas (TCN), o conhecimento é basicamente modelado através de associações causais e a inferência é abdutiva. Conceitos de Parsimonious Covering Theory (PCT), lógica nebulosa e teoria de decisão são também integrados, de maneira a tratar os vários aspectos inerentes aos processos envolvidos em raciocínio clínico. Por exemplo, a possibilidade de diversas desordens estarem conjuntamente causando um conjunto de manifestações, a manipulação de informações temporais, a consideração de condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento de uma desordem, a incapacidade do especialista em oferecer conhecimento generalizado desprovido de incerteza e/ou imprecisão, a manipulação de fatores cruciais na tomada de decisão nas tarefas de investigação e tratamento como o custo e o risco são alguns dos aspectos abordados neste trabalho. A validação do modelo teórico foi realizada em fitopatologia, abordando especificamente a diagnose, investigação e tratamento de doenças de milho. Entretanto, devido a sua generalidade, espera-se que os desenvolvimentos teóricos obtidos possam ser aplicados para resolver problemas de diagnóstico em outras áreas de conhecimento.bitstream/CNPTIA/10820/1/bp12.pdfAcesso em: 28 maio 2008

The impact of the subtropical South Atlantic SST on South American precipitation

The Community Climate Model (CCM3) from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is used to investigate the effect of the South Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on interannual to decadal variability of South American precipitation. Two ensembles composed of multidecadal simulations forced with monthly SST data from the Hadley Centre for the period 1949 to 2001 are analysed. A statistical treatment based on signal-to-noise ratio and Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) is applied to the ensembles in order to reduce the internal variability among the integrations. The ensemble treatment shows a spatial and temporal dependence of reproducibility. High degree of reproducibility is found in the tropics while the extratropics is apparently less reproducible. Austral autumn (MAM) and spring (SON) precipitation appears to be more reproducible over the South America-South Atlantic region than the summer (DJF) and winter (JJA) rainfall. While the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) region is dominated by external variance, the South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) over South America is predominantly determined by internal variance, which makes it a difficult phenomenon to predict. Alternatively, the SACZ over western South Atlantic appears to be more sensitive to the subtropical SST anomalies than over the continent. An attempt is made to separate the atmospheric response forced by the South Atlantic SST anomalies from that associated with the El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Results show that both the South Atlantic and Pacific SSTs modulate the intensity and position of the SACZ during DJF. Particularly, the subtropical South Atlantic SSTs are more important than ENSO in determining the position of the SACZ over the southeast Brazilian coast during DJF. On the other hand, the ENSO signal seems to influence the intensity of the SACZ not only in DJF but especially its oceanic branch during MAM. Both local and remote influences, however, are confounded by the large internal variance in the region. During MAM and JJA, the South Atlantic SST anomalies affect the magnitude and the meridional displacement of the ITCZ. In JJA, the ENSO has relatively little influence on the interannual variability of the simulated rainfall. During SON, however, the ENSO seems to counteract the effect of the subtropical South Atlantic SST variations on convection over South America.CNPqFAPESP[02/01211-0]Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI