Hybrid Sine-Cosine Black Widow Spider Optimization based Route Selection Protocol for Multihop Communication in IoT Assisted WSN

In the modern era, Internet of Things (IoT) has been a popular research topic and it focuses on interconnecting numerous sensor-based devices primarily for tracking applications and collecting data. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) becomes a significant element in IoT platforms since its inception and turns out to be the most ideal platform for deploying various smart city application zones namely disaster management, home automation, intelligent transportation, smart buildings, and other IoT-enabled applications. Clustering techniques were commonly used energy-efficient methods with the main purpose that is to balance the energy between Sensor Nodes (SN). Routing and clustering are Non-Polynomial (NP) hard issues where bio-inspired approaches were used for a known time to solve these issues. This study introduces a Hybrid Sine-Cosine Black Widow Spider Optimization based Route Selection Protocol (HSBWSO-RSP) for Mulithop Communication in IoT assisted WSN. The presented HSBWSO-RSP technique aims to properly determine the routes to destination for multihop communication. Moreover, the HSBWSO-RSP approach enables the integration of variance perturbation mechanism into the traditional BWSO algorithm. Furthermore, the selection of routes takes place by a fitness function comprising Residual Energy (RE) and distance (DIST). The experimental result analysis of the HSBWSO-RSP technique is tested using a series of experimentations and the results are studied under different measures. The proposed methodology achieves 100% packet delivery ratio, no packet loss and 2.33 secs end to end delay. The comparison study revealed the betterment of the HSBWSO-RSP technique over existing routing techniques

Phytochemical analysis of red alga Champia parvula (C. Agardh) collected from Mandapam coast of Tamil Nadu, India

The marine red alga Champia parvula showed the phytochemical constituents like sterols, glycosides, anthroquinones, phenols, alkaloids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids. Flavonoid compounds have rutin, quercetin, kamferol and phenol compounds have gallic acid and cinnamic acid. Similarly, the fatty acids have palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, alpha linolenic acid, moroctic acid were also present. Among the phytochemical contents the triterpenoids and glycosides are present in high. Among the seven fatty acid, stearic acid (6.03 0.012%) and moroctic acid (5.58 0.004%) were identified. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the phytochemical constituents of the marine red alga Champia parvula

Assess the effect of low level laser therapy on sensitivity of teeth prepared for fixed partial denture: A Randomized Control Trial

AIM OF THE STUDY: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of low level laser therapy on sensitivity of teeth prepared for fixed partial denture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients from the Department of Prosthodontics Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamilnadu, who required conventional fixed partial denture were selected in random for the study purpose. Out of either of the abutments, one was selected using Block Randomization method and put in the test group. The other abutment was put in the Control group. So of the 60 abutments, 30 were control group, and 30 were in the test group. Tooth preparation was done by conventional method. After tooth preparation sensitivity of both the abutment teeth was recorded using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Then low level laser therapy was applied to test group abutment and placebo therapy was applied to control group. After laser therapy again sensitivity of both the abutment teeth was recorded using visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULT: The test group showed a significant reduction in sensitivity. There was only a slight reduction in sensitivity over the 7 days of treatment. But in the intraday, before and after treatment with LLT, there was a significant reduction in sensitivity of the teeth. CONCLUSION: According to results of this study Low level laser therapy is effective in treatment of sensitivity teeth prepared for fixed partial denture

In vitro antibacterial effects of red alga Champia parvula (C. Agardh) of various solvents against human pathogenic bacteria

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antimicrobial inhibitory effect of Champia parvula (red alga) of various solvents at the concentration 100 g/mL, on pathogenic bacteria like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cerus, Bacillus subtilius, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhii were studied by the disc diffusion method. The present study reveals that a higher zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhii (15.4 0.2), Bacillus subtilius (13.8 0.1) , Staphylococcus aureus (10.7 0.2) and Proteus vulgaris (10.6 0.1) in the methanol extract alone, followed by acetone, benzene, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts showed moderate activity against most of the pathogens, whereas chloroform extract is inactive only against Bacillus cerus. The positive control streptomycin shows inhibitory action against all the pathogens studied. This study shows the potential of marine active compounds from Champia parvula as an antimicrobial agent for a disease free environment

Comparative study of adverse drug reaction pattern of two anti-asthma groups of drugs in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Bronchial Asthma is one of the worldwide health problems associated with increased morbidity and also mortality. Bronchial Asthma is a disease of airways that is characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea-bronchial tree. Anti asthmatic drugs are associated with adverse effects which can affect the compliance and course of treatment. Monitoring adverse drug reactions in asthma will play a vital role in alerting physicians about the possibility and circumstances of such events, thereby protecting the user population from avoidable harm.Methods: The study was conducted in 500 bronchial asthma patients (250 patients in Beta 2 agonist group (Salbutamol) and 250 patients in Methylxanthine group (Deriphyllin) who fulfilled the study criteria and were observed for three months at Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai. Their prescriptions were collected and analysed. Adverse drug reactions(ADRs) in each group were collected and evaluated. The causality assessment was done by WHO-UMC assessment scale and severity by using Modified Hartwig-Seigel severity assessment scale.Results: Total 38% of patients taking anti-asthma drugs were encountered adverse drug reactions and were more common in elderly females (61 to 70 years). Adverse Drug Reactions were more common in Methylxanthine group (48%) compared to Beta 2 agonist group (28%). Headache (38%) was the commonest ADR in Methylxanthine group and Tremors (31%) in Beta 2 agonist group. Most of ADRs were mild (95 %), manageable and comes under possible (60 %) category of WHO causality assessment scale.Conclusions: Treatment of Bronchial Asthma is mainly based on Beta 2 agonist and Methylxanthine group. So, occurrence of ADR is much common. Our study offers a representative idea of the ADR profile of anti asthmatic drugs. Constant vigil in detecting ADRs and subsequent dose adjustments can make therapy with anti asthmatic drugs safer and more effective. This, in turn, will improve compliance

Challenges in Vaccine Acceptance– A Framework & Toolkit for the COVID -19 Battle

During the first wave of this COVID-19 pandemic, India’s performance was relatively superior among the countries that had their first cases in January 2020. We grouped these countries as ‘January Cohort’ and analysed their relative performance (IJCH, April 2020), supporting India’s management. Fast forward to the present, India’s performance is woefully lacking, accounting for 30% of daily cases and 31% daily deaths with 18% of the world population [Worldometer Coronavirus database, June1,2021). On this same day, 50% of the countries worldwide (110 of 222) reported no deaths and 25% (57) without any daily new cases. Thus, we have faltered with a series of public health missteps despite a good start. The latest and the most remarkable failure of India is the vaccination, despite being the world’s foremost producer. Many of the poor performers initially in the January Cohort, such as UK and USA, focused on ‘vaccinating their way out of the pandemic’ since the roll out of vaccines in December2020. The results are in display starting February 2021- to date, with cases/ deaths on decline in these countries, while India is in a reverse direction. On June 1st, UK reported no COVID-19 deaths and USA had about 31% decline of 14-day moving average

Literature Survey of SAR Algorithm in Photovoltaic System

Every solar energy harvester systems have got two sources of energy loss: the MPPT circuit and the dc–dc converter. To increase the efficiency of the PV energy harvester, the energy losses from the MPPT circuit and the dc–dc converter need to be minimized. Here a new MPPT algorithm called successive approximation register is introduced. This MPPT algorithm has got a power down mode and a fast tracking time, to achieve low power consumption and energy savings. With this MPPT algorithm energy losses from the MPPT circuit can be minimized and this technique can be greatly applicable to low power application systems mainly as well as for high power application.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v4i2.455