The Distillation of Thymus Vulgaris Essence to Demonstrate TBP Curve

Based on a research project on Shirazi Thymus of the Eksir Gol Sorkh company, the essence of this Thymus included five main components, which based on the results gained from GC device, there are 5 main components in this Thymus namely ?-Pinene, ?-Terpinene, P-Cymen, ?-Terpinen, and Thymol, each of which has a percentage as follows 1.118, 3.831, 25.815, 14.771, and 54.465. With increasing the amount of Distillation, more Thymol can be achieved, and in this experiment, the amount of Thymol increases 18 percent to 92 percent. With passing of 81min from the 170 degrees Celsius, the temperature of essence solution, which is a stable 250 degrees Celsius in Heating (Oil/sand) bath, reaches 240 degrees Celsius. With an increase in the volume of Distillation material, the output water of condenser reaches up to 22.7 degrees Celsius from 21.9 degrees Celsius in such a way that incoming cold-water temperature has increased up to 21.9 degrees Celsius from 21.4 degrees Celsius by passing of time. In TBP diagram, with an increase in Distillation volume from 2 percent to 72 percent, the boiling temperature of Thymus essence solution has reached 240 degrees Celsius from 160 degrees Celsius. KEYWORDS: Distillation; Thymus; TBP; G

The Simulation of the TBP Curve of Thymol Essence and the Separation of Natural Components with ASPEN plus Software

Based on the analysis of GCMASS device, the components of the type of Thymol essence prepared from Nishabour maintains, consist of five main components namely, ?-Pinene, ?-Terpinene, P-Cymene, ?-Terpinene, and Thymol, each of which has the percentage of 1.118, 3.831, 25.815, 14.771, and 54.465 respectively in the essence. Moreover, based on the experiment, the boiling point curve for this essence was achieved, and according to the results of the analysis of the boiling point curve, the simulation for this complex mixture for achieving the characteristics of the essence was done. The simulation of the separation unit of the main components in the pressure range of 44KPa to 101.3KPa showed that with the increase of the pressure, Thymol mole fraction increases from 0.9399 to 0.9496 in the product of the bottom of the distillation column. With the increase of the total pressure of the distillation column from 44KPa to 101.3KPa, the minimum of the return reflux decreases from 17.7 to 13.93. Keywords: Simulation; TBP; Thymol Essence; Separation; ASPEN plu

Modeling of Vapor Liquid Equilibrium Data for Thyme Essential Oil Based on UNIQUAC Thermodynamic Model

Vapor Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) data for natural ingredients and essential oils has not studied at all yet. It is because of the complexity of these mixtures. In this study, the equilibrium concentration of the mixture components was studied by using UNIQUAC model at different pressures. This model is capable of determining the temperature between 70°C to 170°C and the pressure limits 30 Kpa to 202 Kpa. The Modeling results showed Thymol in the liquid phase was increased from 50% molar to 90% molar in constant pressure by increasing the temperature from bubble point to dew point temperature. Thymol concentration in the liquid phase was increased from 42% molar to 78% molar by increasing the water concentration of the mixture at a constant pressure of 100 Kpa and constant temperature 177°C. Another obtaining result showed that Thymol concentration in the triple mixture, which includes 30% molar water, 35% molar Thymol, and 35% molar Cymene in liquid phase, was increased from 60% molar to 82% molar at constant temperature of 177°C by decreasing the pressure from 100 Kpa to 20 Kpa.   KEYWORDS: Essential oil, VLE, UNIQUAC, Modelin

The Effect of Different Types of Coating and Packaging on the Physical Properties of Persimmon Fruit under Load

Since persimmon is a pressure-sensitive fruit and it is difficult to store this fruit in warehouses, in this research, an attempt has been made to examine the parameters affecting the reduction of changes in its physical properties. The samples were loaded at 150 and 250 N, three types of foam container packaging with polyolefin film, polyethylene-terephthalate, and ordinary box, and four types of polyamine putrescine coating with concentrations of 1 and 2 mM, distilled water and uncoated. Properties such as Physiological Weight Loss, volume, and the density of persimmon fruit, as well as the firmness of this fruit in the prepost-storage stage were examined. The results showed, the highest firmness was obtained in the treatment of putrescine at a concentration of 1 mM and a foam container with polyethylene film with a value of 6.5 N, which was almost three times the firmness of uncoated fruits. The lowest Physiological Weight Loss, volume, and density were obtained in the same type of coating and packaging. The values of these parameters were 2.458%, 1.82, and 0.833%, respectively, compared to the first day of storage. Overall, the use of polyamine treatment showed a significant effect on changes in the physical properties of persimmon fruit, and foam containers with polyolefin film emerged as the optimal packaging option, resulting in the least amount of change among the different types of packaging used

On the Lubricity and Comparative Life Cycle of Biobased Synthetic and Mineral Oil Emulsions in Machining Titanium Ti-6Al-4V at Low Cutting Speed

The paper discusses an instrumented tapping test method using a CNC machine tool to compare the lubricity of MWFs by cutting threads in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy at low speed. The method uses a spiral flute tap size typical of industrial practice. A soft synchronous tap holder and spindle mounted dynamometer were incorporated on the machine to measure torque and thrust force. The tapping test method was demonstrated on three groups of MWFs that were commercially available and classified by ASTM E2523-13:2018. The method developed stable results free of chip clogging in tool flutes which could otherwise mask their comparative lubricity. The fully synthetic (FS) group displayed the best lubricity and within this group the FS from renewables (FS-bio) was the best overall. The method was shown to be effective in mitigating biasing effects on lubricity performance due to the generous tool chamfer angle tolerance and was practical and economical to implement. The significance of the results is discussed enabling an understanding of friction effects in tapping using a soft synchronous tap holder. A life cycle assessment of each MWF group found total Greenhouse Gas emitted from the FS group was 17% of the hydrocarbon group whilst FS-bio emitted just 7%

A simple method to increase the current range of the TERA chip in charged particle therapy applications

The development of the next generation of accelerators for charged particle radiotherapy aims to reduce dimensions and operational complexity of the machines by engineering pulsed beams accelerators. The drawback is the increased difficulty to monitor the beam delivery. Within each pulse, instantaneous currents larger by two to three orders of magnitude than present applications are expected, which would saturate the readout of the monitor chambers. In this paper, we report of a simple method to increase by almost two orders of magnitude the current range of an Application Specific Integrated Circuit chip previously developed by our group to read out monitor ionization chambers. & 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Approaches to improve the diagnosis and management of infertility

Recent advances in our understanding of the causes of infertility and of assisted reproductive technology (ART) have led to the development of complex diagnostic tools, prognostic models and treatment options. The Third Evian Annual Reproduction (EVAR) Workshop Meeting was held on 26-27 April 2008 to evaluate evidence supporting current approaches to the diagnosis and management of infertility and to identify areas for future research efforts. Specialist reproductive medicine clinicians and scientists delivered presentations based on published literature and ongoing research on patient work-up, ovarian stimulation and embryo quality assessment during ART. This report is based on the expert presentations and subsequent group discussions and was supplemented with publications from literature searches and the authors' knowledge. It was agreed that single embryo transfer (SET) should be used with increasing frequency in cycles of ART. Continued improvements in cryopreservation techniques, which improve pregnancy rates using supernumerary frozen embryos, are expected to augment the global uptake of SET. Adaptation and personalization of fertility therapy may help to optimize efficacy and safety outcomes for individual patients. Prognostic modelling and personalized management strategies based on individual patient characteristics may prove to represent real progress towards improved treatment. However, at present, there is limited good-quality evidence to support the use of these individualized approaches. Greater quality control and standardization of clinical and laboratory evaluations are required to optimize ART practices and improve individual patient outcomes. Well-designed, good-quality studies are required to drive improvements to the diagnosis and management of ART processes