Bladder injury during infected tola hip arthroplasty prosthesis removal: Report of a case and review of the literature

The bladder is the most frequently injured organ during pelvic surgery. However, during hip surgery, this complication is extremely rare. We report a case of bladder injury during total hip arthroplasty prosthesis removal surgery. A 65-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with left hip pain and wound infection. On plain radiograms, acetabular protrusion was identified. We decided to remove protruzed acetabular cup and place spacer. During the operation, unexpectedly bladder injury occurred. The rupture was sutured intraoperatively. We left a catheter in the bladder after internal urethrotomy to drain the urine.Keywords: Arthroplasty, Bladder injury, Cystogram, Hip prosthesis removal, Infectio

Demonstration of the histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of a novel hemostatic agent, ankaferd blood stopper, on vascular tissue in a rat aortic bleeding model

Background: Ankaferd Blood Stopper®(ABS) is a folkloric medicinal plant extract used as a hemostatic agent in traditional Turkish medicine. This experimental study investigated the histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of ABS on vascular tissue in a rat model of aortic bleeding.Methods: Four groups of 11 Wistar albino rats were used. The abdominal aortas of the rats were wounded; an ABS-soaked tampon was applied to rats in Groups 1 and 3, and a plain gauze tampon was applied to rats in Groups 2 and 4 until the bleeding stopped. The bleeding time was recorded. Immediately following sacrificing, the arteriotomy sites from Groups 1 and 2 were removed. The abdominal incisions in Groups 3 and 4 were closed following hemostasis. On Day 7 of the study, Group 3 and 4 rats were sacrificed and the abdominal aorta arteriotomy sites were removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation.Results: The mean bleeding time in 15 animals in Groups 2 and 4 was 4.9 ± 0.6 s, and in 22 animals in Groups 1 and 3 was 3.1 ± 0.6 s. Distal aortic occlusion was not observed on either Day 1 or 7 in any group. Significantly more widespread and dense endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) staining was observed in Group 1 animals than Group 2. On Days 1 and 7 after application of ABS, histopathological changes, consisting of necrosis, inflammation, and endothelial cell loss, in the rat abdominal aortas did not differ between Groups 1 and 2. The basophilic discoloration in the ABS group on the operation day was a result of a foreign body reaction and hemosiderin-loaded histiocyte accumulation, which occurred on Day 7.Conclusions: In this study, hemostasis was successfully achieved with ABS in rat abdominal aortas. No histopathological change was found in the rat abdominal aortas between the ABS and control groups on Days 1 and 7. Further studies on the long-term effects of foreign body reactions and hemosiderin-loaded histiocyte accumulation are required. © 2010 Kandemir et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Coherent Structures in Taylor-Couette Flow: Experimental Investigation

Taylor-Couette flow is defined as the flow confined between two coaxial cylinders which can rotate independently. Several different flow states can be observed in the gap between the cylinders by changing the rotation speeds and the rotating directions of the cylinders. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the previously reported change of torque values with the rotation speeds of the cylinders and to study its relation to coherent turbulent flow structures. The flow structures are investigated using tomographic PIV, which is a fully volumetric measurement method that resolves all three velocity components. Different flow states, and their contribution to the Reynolds stresses are revealed. Initially, the Taylor-Couette setup was used to investigate the spatial resolution of tomographic PIV, by exploiting the fact that the power input to the system, as determined from the torque measurements and the cylinder rotation speed, is balanced by the viscous dissipation rate, which can be computed using the measured velocities. Next, time-resolved tomographic PIV measurements were performed at fully turbulent flow to demonstrate the capability of the measurement system and the flow geometry to study dynamic events in turbulence. Turbulent flow with an approximately zero mean velocity was created by rotating the cylinders in opposite directions with the same wall velocities. Using this idea, the observation times of the flow structures could be increased by an order of magnitude as compared to similar studies in turbulent boundary layers. Finally, the connection between turbulent flow structures and the change of the torque was made by using tomographic PIV. In order to compute the contribution of the large and the smaller-scale structures to the torque, the instantaneous flow was decomposed into the large and the smaller-scale motions by filtering. The Reynolds stresses associated with these structures indicate that the orientational change of the structures may be the mechanism responsible for the reported change of the torque scaling.Process and EnergyMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin

Load-deflection curves of reinforced concrete columns subjected to biaxial bending and axial load [İki eksenli egilme ve eksenel yüke maruz betonarme kolonlarin yük-deplasman egrileri]

In the presented study, a theoretical method is proposed for the determination of the load-deflection curves of reinforced concrete columns subjected to biaxial bending and axial load. The proposed method can be applicable to the polygonal sections consisted of various reinforcing steel configurations. In the proposed procedure the nonlinear behaviour of the materials are considered. Therefore, the concrete compression zone is divided into segments for the computation of concrete stresses. The proposed procedure has been compared with the results of square and L-shaped reinforced concrete columns tested under biaxial bending and axial load. The theoretical load-deflection curves computed using test parameters of concrete compression strength, yield strength of steel, cross section properties and eccentricities of column specimens have been compared with the experimental curves and the results are found to be in good agreement

Diagnostic values of detrusor wall thickness, postvoid residual urine, and prostate volume to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms in men

PURPOSE This prospective, controlled clinical study aimed to assess the diagnostic values of detrusor wall thickness (DWT), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), and prostate volume in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). MATERIALS AND METHODS During an 18-month period, a total of 243 males were included in the study. Three groups were assessed due to their International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS): men with normal lower urinary tracts (n=51; control group), men with mild LUTS (n=60; Group 1), and men with moderate to severe LUTS (n=132; Group 2). DWT, bladder, and prostate volumes and PVR were measured by suprapubic ultrasonography. DWT was measured when the bladder was full (DWT-1) and when it was empty (DWT-2). RESULTS The mean age for the study population was 60.0±0.6 years, while the mean IPSS for the whole group was 8.0±0.4. Both the bladder and prostate volumes in Group 2 were statistically significantly higher than the control group and Group 1. The mean DWT-1 values were significantly lower in the control group when compared to Groups 1 and 2. However, when study groups were compared with each other, no statistical significance was noticed (1.12 vs. 1.17 mm). In contrast, the mean PVR and DWT-2 values were significantly different in each group. There was a significant correlation between IPSS questionnaire results and all individual parameters. CONCLUSION Suprapubic transabdominal ultrasonographic assessment of the lower urinary tract in a noninvasive manner allows the clinician to assess LUTS severity in men without morbidity. Additional studies are necessary to provide further conclusions regarding this clinical procedure. © Turkish Society of Radiology 2012

Complete atrioventricular block in a child with normal cardiac functions

Complete atrioventricular block is a rare complication in noncardiac operations of children, though it is life threatening. Complete atrioventicular block may occur secondary to many causes and it does not response to medical treatments. An 11 years-old girl was brought to our hospital with fever and abdominal pain finally diagnosed as acute appendicitis. Anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory findings and radiological findings were found to be normal. After anesthesia induction, the mask ventilation has been applied. Intubation was performed after giving muscle relaxants. After first surgical incision multiple arrhythmias were monitored. Cardiac arrhythmias continue long time and complete A-V block developed. Arrhythmias did not respond to medical treatment. The patient showed no hemodynamic instability and she awakened after completion of surgical operation. She was sent to intensive care unit because of complete A-V block. Pacemaker was not applied because of not having any symptom. A patient who was diagnosed as congenital complete AV block has been followed up with regular intervals

The potential of microalgal sources as coating materials: A case study for the development of biocompatible surgical sutures

Sutures are considered as surgical materials that form excellent surfaces to integrate the postoperative parts of the body. These materials present suitable platforms for potential bacterial penetrations. Therefore, coating these biomedical materials with biocompatible compounds is seen as a potential approach to improve their properties while avoiding adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate Arthrospira platensis, Haematacoccus pluvialis, Chlorella minutissima, Botyrococcus braunii, and Nostoc muscorum as potential surgical suture coating materials. Their crude extracts were absorbed into two different sutures as poly glycolic (90%)-co-lactic acid (10%) (PGLA) and poly dioxanone (PDO); then, their cytotoxic effects and antibacterial activities were examined. Both N. muscorum-coated sutures (PGLA and PDO) and A. platensis-coated (PGLA and PDO) sutures did not induce any toxic effect on L929 mouse fibroblast cells (>70% cell viability). The highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was achieved with N. muscorum-coated PGLA and A. platensis-coated PGLA at 11.18 ; PLUSMN; 0.54 mm and 9.52 ; PLUSMN; 1.15 mm, respectively. These sutures were examined by mechanical analysis, and found suitable according to ISO 10993-5. In comparison with the commercial antibacterial agent (chlorohexidine), the results proved that N. muscorum extract can be considered as the most promising suture coating material for the human applications