Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Ringkasan Menggunakan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Siswa Kelas Viii.1 SMPN 9 Payakumbuh

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena rendahnya keterampilan siswa menulis ringkasan.Selain itu kurangnya minat, motivasi dalam pembelajaran menulis.Hal ini dikarenakan oleh strategi dan pendekatan yang digunakan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan keterampilan menulis ringkasan menggunakan pembelajaran tipe jigsaw siswa kelas VIII.I SMPN 9 Payakumbuh.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas.Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus melalui empat tahapan, yaituperncanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi.Data penelitian terdiri dari data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif.Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan catatn lapangan, dan data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui ter unjuk kerja dan angket respon siswa.Temuan penelitian menunjukan bahwa keterampilan menulis ringkasan siswa meningkat menggunakan pembelajaran tipe jigsau. Peningkatan tersebut terlihat pada hasil tes siklus 1 dengan rata-rata 69,5 yang berada pada klasifikasi lebih dari cukup dan siklus 2 dengan rata-rata 79,5 berada pada klaifikasi baik. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan tersebut pemilihan metode yang sesuai dengan materi, rencana dan tindakan guru yang tepat

Kearifan Lokal dalam Melestarikan Lingkungan Hidup (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Adat Desa Kemiren Kecamatan Glagah Kabupaten Banyuwangi)

This study aimed to obtain information about local wisdom found in indigenous communities in the Kemiren village, Glagah, Banyuwangi. Information related to the life of a harmonious society between people and nature, and between the members of society. This study used a qualitative approach, direct surveys, participant interviews and a natural setting. Pointing to several informants as a source of information with a purposive. The results showed that indigenous peoples have a life that is simple, harmonious, and are not aware of their beliefs to situs Buyut Cili could play a role in preserving the surrounding environment, including water resources, and fields.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang kearifan lokal yang terdapat pada masyarakat adat di Desa Kemiren Kecamatan Glagah Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Informasi terkait kehidupan masyarakat yang harmonis antara masyarakat dengan alam, dan antar sesama masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, observasi secara langsung, interview participant dan natural setting. Menunjuk beberapa informan sebagai sumber informasi dengan cara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat adat memiliki kehidupan yang sederhana, harmonis, dan secara tidak sadar kepercayaan mereka tentang situs Buyut Cili mampu berperan dalam melestarikan lingkungan hidupdi wilayah tersebut, seperti; sumber air, area persawahan, dan ladang

Penerapan Model Hybrid Arima Backpropagation Untuk Peramalan Harga Gabah Indonesia

Hybrid model discussed in this paper combining ARIMA and backpropagation is applied to grain price forecasting in Indonesia for period January 2008 until April 2013. The grain price time series consists of linear and nonlinear patterns. Backpropagations can recognize non linear patterns that can not be done by ARIMA. In order to find the best model, some combinations of prepocessing transformations, the number of input and hidden units, and the activation function were applied in the contruction of the network structure. Based on the experiments, it can be showed that ARIMA backpropagation hybrid model provides more accurate results than ARIMA model. The hybrid model would rather be used in the short-term forecasting, no more than three periods

The interplay between GPIb/IX antibodies, platelet hepatic sequestration, and TPO levels in patients with chronic ITP

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder with an incompletely understood pathophysiology but includes platelet-clearance in the spleen and liver via T cells and/or platelet autoantibodies. Strikingly, thrombopoietin (TPO) levels remain low in ITP. Platelet-glycoprotein (GP)Ibα has been described to be required for hepatic TPO generation; however, the role of GPIb antibodies in relation to platelet hepatic sequestration and TPO levels, with consideration of platelet counts, remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we examined 53 patients with chronic and nonsplenectomized ITP for whom we conducted indium-labeled autologous platelet scintigraphy and measured platelet antibodies and TPO levels. Upon stratification toward the severity of thrombocytopenia, no negative association was observed between GPIb/IX antibodies and TPO levels, suggesting that GPIb/IX antibodies do not inhibit or block TPO levels. Surprisingly, we observed a positive association between GPIb/IX antibody levels and TPO levels and GPIb/IX antibodies and platelet hepatic sequestration in patients with severe, but not mild or moderate, thrombocytopenia. In addition, platelet hepatic sequestration and TPO levels were positively associated. This collectively indicates that GPIb/IX antibodies may be associated with increased platelet hepatic sequestration and elevated TPO levels in patients with severe thrombocytopenic ITP; however, further research is warranted to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanisms.</p

Potential Diagnostic Approaches for Prediction of Therapeutic Responses in Immune Thrombocytopenia

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune bleeding disorder in which, via unresolved mechanisms, platelets and megakaryocytes (MKs) are targeted by autoantibodies and/or T cells resulting in increased platelet destruction and impairment of MK function. Over the years, several therapeutic modalities have become available for ITP, however, therapeutic management has proven to be very challenging in several cases. Patients refractory to treatment can develop a clinically worsening disease course, treatment-induced toxicities and are predisposed to development of potentially life-endangering bleedings. It is therefore of critical importance to timely identify potential refractory patients, for which novel diagnostic approaches are urgently needed in order to monitor and predict specific therapeutic responses. In this paper, we propose promising diagnostic investigations into immune functions and characteristics in ITP, which may potentially be exploited to help predict platelet count responses and thereby distinguish therapeutic responders from non-responders. This importantly includes analysis of T cell homeostasis, which generally appears to be disturbed in ITP due to decreased and/or dysfunctional T regulatory cells (Tregs) leading to loss of immune tolerance and initiation/perpetuation of ITP, and this may be normalized by several therapeutic modalities. Additional avenues to explore in possible prediction of therapeutic responses include examination of platelet surface sialic acids, platelet apoptosis, monocyte surface markers, B regulatory cells and platelet microparticles. Initial studies have started evaluating these markers in relation to response to various treatments including glucocorticosteroids (GCs), intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) and/or thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA), however, further studies are highly warranted. The systematic molecular analysis of a broad panel of immune functions may ultimately help guide and improve personalized therapeutic management in ITP

HIV risk perception and sexual behavior among HIV-uninfected men and transgender women who have sex with men in sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from the HPTN 075 qualitative sub-study.

There remains a limited understanding of how men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) perceive their risk for HIV and how risk influences behavior during sexual interactions. We performed thematic analysis on in-depth interviews from the qualitative sub-study of HPTN 075 in Kenya, Malawi, and South Africa. Using the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) constructs, we found that most MSM and TGW perceived themselves to be at risk for HIV, leading them to regularly engage in safer sexual behaviors. Notably, even though these MSM and TGW perceived themselves to be at risk for HIV, some of them reported engaging in transactional sex, sex under the influence of alcohol, and intentional non-use of condoms. This indicates that HIV risk perception was not always associated with safer sexual behaviors or a reduction in risk behaviors. Attitudes (negative attitudes toward condom use), perceived norms (social pressures), and environment constraints (contextual barriers) were related to MSM and TGW not engaging in safe sexual behavior. Hearing the perspectives of MSM and TGW on their sexual behavior continues to be important for the development and implementation of effective prevention policies and interventions. Eliminating structural barriers such as stigma, discrimination, and criminalization of same-sex sexuality is a crucial prerequisite for the success of interventions to promote sexual health among MSM and TGW in SSA

Progesterone and prolactin levels in pregnant women living with HIV who delivered preterm and low birthweight infants: A nested case-control study

Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with high rates of adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth and low birthweight. Studies suggest that progesterone and prolactin may play important intermediary roles. Methods We analyzed data from the Antenatal Component of the PROMISE trial, a multi-center study of pregnant women taking antiretroviral regimens (lopinavir/ritonavir-containing ART or zidovudine alone) to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. In a nested case-control study, we compared data from women who gave birth to preterm (<37 weeks gestation) and/or low birthweight (<2500 g) infants to matched individuals who did not. We measured serum progesterone and prolactin at 24–34 weeks gestation. We used conditional logistic regression to describe relationships between hormone levels, birth outcomes, and antiretroviral regimens. Results 299 women and their newborns were included (146 cases, 153 controls). When compared to women receiving zidovudine alone, those on ART had higher odds of progesterone levels under the 10th percentile (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:2.34, 95%CI:1.41–3.89) and 25th percentile (AOR:2.07, 95%CI:1.46–2.94). However, higher levels of progesterone—rather than lower levels—were associated with our composite case outcome at the 10th percentile (AOR:1.88, 95%CI:0.77–4.59) and 25th percentile (AOR:1.96, 95%CI:1.06–3.61). Associations were not observed between prolactin, antiretroviral regimen, and birth outcomes. Conclusion We observed lower progesterone levels among women allocated to ART regimens; however, higher progesterone levels were associated with preterm birth and/or low birthweight. While features of the study design may have contributed to these findings, they nevertheless highlight the potentially complex mechanisms underpinning adverse birth outcomes and HIV

Factors Associated with HIV Infection in Married or Cohabitating Couples in Kenya: Results from a Nationally Representative Study

BACKGROUND: In order to inform prevention programming, we analyzed HIV discordance and concordance within couples in the Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS) 2007. METHODS: KAIS was a nationally representative population-based sero-survey that examined demographic and behavioral indicators and serologic testing for HIV, HSV-2, syphilis, and CD4 cell counts in 15,853 consenting adults aged 15-64 years. We analyzed interview and blood testing data at the sexual partnership level from married or cohabitating couples. Multivariable regression models were used to identify factors independently associated with HIV discordant and concordant status. RESULTS: Of 3256 couples identified in the survey, 2748 (84.4%) had interview and blood testing data. Overall, 3.8% of couples were concordantly infected with HIV, and in 5.8% one partner was infected, translating to 338,000 discordant couples in Kenya. In 83.6% of HIV-infected Kenyans living in married or cohabitating couples neither partner knew their HIV status. Factors independently associated with HIV-discordance included young age in women (AOR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-1.8; p<0.0001), increasing number of lifetime sexual partners in women (AOR 1.5, 95% CI: 1.3-1.8; p<0.0001), HSV-2 infection in either or both partners (AOR 4.1, 95% CI: 2.3-7.2; p<0.0001), and lack of male circumcision (AOR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.5; p = 0.032). Independent factors for HIV-concordance included HSV-2 infection in both partners (AOR 6.5, 95% CI: 2.3-18.7; p = 0.001) and lack of male circumcision (AOR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0-3.3; p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Couple prevention interventions should begin early in relationships and include mutual knowledge of HIV status, reduction of outside sexual partners, and promotion of male circumcision among HIV-uninfected men. Mechanisms for effective prevention or suppression of HSV-2 infection are also needed