Field Screening of Lentil Genotypes Against Aphid Infestation in Inner Tarai of Nepal

Twenty lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) genotypes received from Grain Legumes Research Program, Khajura, Banke were screened for relative tolerance against aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch.) at the research field of National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan during winter seasons of two consecutive years 2016 and 2017. The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Block having three replications. The unit plot size was 4m × 1 m with 25cm row to row spacing and continue plant to plant spacing was maintained and net harvested plot was 4 square meters. The recommended dose of fertilizer was 20:40:20 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha and seed rate 30 kg/ha. Insect data were collected based on aphid population found at apical twigs (10 cm) per plant and scoring was done during flowering and pod formation stage. The grain yield was recorded. All screened genotypes differed significantly (p<0.05) on aphid population and grain yield.  Genotypes, ILL 9924, RL 83, ILL 10856, ILL 6458 and RL 67 were less susceptible with higher grain yield. These results have important implications for the development of aphid tolerant high yielding lentil variety in inner Tarai of Nepal

A Study on Conservation of Water Bodies in Sangam Literature

World that is equal to nature in human life. Location Water is one of the most important things for a human being to have food and clothing. If the fifties are in balance in the life of every man no harm will ever come to man. The structure of nature depends on the fifties earth, water, fire, air, and sky. Of It was the waters that were preserved during the Sangam period. Man cannot live without water. Poets have spoken about the nature of water in Sangam literary songs. When we look at the plight of farmers without rain today and the suffering of people without drinking water, the poets in the Sangam literature have said with a view to researching the water levels followed by the Palanthamil in the Sangam literature, the method of conserving water as well as water storage and seasoning. And the nature of rainwater, which is formed naturally, is one of the essential elements for every creative act of man. The purpose of this article is to examine the news about water through the footnotes of the ancient Tamil text

Concentration in Knowledge Output:A Case of Economics Journals

Journals moderate knowledge activity in economics. The activity of publishing article in professional journal forms significant part of knowledge output. Output of economics articles has been growing over the time. We examine an important question: Is there any case of institutional or location concentration in knowledge production? This paper analyses concentration indicators specific to economics journals and explores link between publication process and concentration. The analysis of various concentration measures present evidence for institutional-geographic-area-author concentration in Knowledge production in Economics. High concentration levels indicate possibility of institutional lock-in. The literature provides evidence for myopic refereeing, editorial favouritism and the presence of ‘lock-in’ effect. The achievement in journal publication is influenced by factors like institutional affiliation, propitious circumstances etc. Discussion carried out in this paper hints the possibility of causal link between unfair process and unfair outcome.Knowledge,Lotka's Law,Fourier Series

Sr isotope geochemistry of the Koillismaa Intrusion, Northern Finland

Abstract. Igneous activity during the early Palaeoproterozoic (2.4–2.5 Ga) led to the development of layered intrusions, mafic dyke swarms, and volcanic rock in the Earth’s cratonic regions. The layered mafic and ultramafic Paleoproterozoic intrusions in Fennoscandian Shield host Ni-Cu-PGE, titanium, vanadium, chromium, and iron deposits. The Koillismaa-Näränkävaara Complex comprises the Näränkävaara Intrusion, the Koillismaa Intrusion, and a strong positive gravity anomaly, which connects these distant eastern and western parts of the complex. This thesis focuses on Sr isotopic composition of the plagioclase in the Koillismaa Intrusion. The intrusion is composed mostly of gabbronorites, gabbros, and leucogabbros. It is divided into Marginal series and Layered series. The Marginal Series is Cu-Ni-PGE mineralized (for example Haukiaho and Kaukua), and the Layered Series contains at least two orthomagmatic mineralization which are the PGE-Cu-Ni enrichment at its central part (RT Reef) and the Fe-Ti-V enriched oxide gabbro (Mustavaara deposit) at its upper part. After its solidification, the intrusion was tectonized into several smaller blocks of which the central, up to 2200 m thick Porttivaara block is studied in this thesis. In situ Sr isotope compositions of plagioclase from the Koillismaa Intrusion shows differences between the Marginal Series and the Layered Series; the Marginal Series show an initial 87Sr/86Sr (2.44 Ga) of 0.7037, and for the Layered Series, the ratio is 0.7027. The isotopic difference indicates isotopically distinct magma types in the genesis of the Layered Series and the Marginal Series or more intense crustal contamination at the margin of the intrusion. Sr isotope ratio throughout the oxide gabbro, which includes the Mustavaara deposit is isotopically homogeneous which doesn’t support involvement of different types of magma in its formation. Similarly, the study suggests that the formation of RT reef did not involve magma replenishment. The highly radiogenic Sr isotopes obtained from the Marginal Series indicate that crustal contamination may have played a role in the genesis of the contact-type sulfide mineralization. The isotope composition of the Koillismaa Intrusion show affinity to coeval tholeiite group dykes and SHMB (GBNO and SHMB) group dykes. The bulk of the the Koillismaa Layered series is isotopically comparable to the MCUIV of the coeval Penikat Layered Intrusion

Evaluation of Barley Genotypes Against Spot Blotch Disease in Inner Tarai Region of Nepal

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoem. is an important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A total of 126 barley genotypes received from Hill Crops Research Program, Kabre, Dolakha having SoluUwa as a susceptible check and Bonus as a resistant check were evaluated as barley disease screening nursery (BDSN) under natural epiphytotic condition at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan during winter seasons of 2017 and 2018. The nursery was planted in augmented design. The resistant and susceptible checks were repeated and planted after each 10 tested entries. The unit plot size was 2 rows of one meter length for each genotype planted continuously with 25cm row to row spacing. The seed rate was 100 kg/ha. The recommended fertilizer dose of 23:30:0 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha was applied. The double digit scale (00 to 99) was used to measure overall foliar infection on the whole plant during flowering, soft dough and hard dough stages. Other agronomic practices were followed as per recommendation. Genotypes B86019-1K-3K-0K3, ACC 2087, ACC 2441, ACC GHv-06816, ACC 1597, ACC 1612, ACC 2059 and ACC 2032 were resistant against spot blotch disease. Similarly, 32 barley genotypes were moderately resistant and rest of the tested genotypes were susceptible to the disease. The selected resistant barley genotypes can be used in crossing program and/or promoted for further testing to develop spot blotch resistant varieties for inner Tarai region of Nepal

Digital implementation of modified phase locked loop based harmonic extraction for shunt active filter

This paper presents a digital implementation of modified synchronous reference frame in which the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is customized to get the angle for the reference frames from the supply voltage by Enhanced Phase Locked Loop (EPLL). The extracted harmonics currents are given to an Artificial Neural Network based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (ANNSVPWM) which has better switching control and reduced stress on the switches to cancel the distortions at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). The algorithm was modelled and simulated by Matlab/Simulink to validate the results. The experimental verification is carried on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Spartan board to check the effectiveness of the control strategy being implemented and the results conclude that the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) values are below the required levels of power quality standards

A counter measure to Black hole attack on AODVbased Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Security is a major threat and essential requirement for mobile Ad Hoc network. Due to its inherent characteristics, it has many consequent challenges, which needs to be taken care of. In this paper we analyse the black hole attack in MANET using AODV as its routing protocol. Black hole is a type of routing attack where a malicious node impersonates a destination node by sending deceived route reply packet to a source node that initiates a route discovery process. By doing this, the malicious node can deprive the traffic from the source node. We propose a solution that makes a modification in existing AODV routing protoco

Bronchiectasis Among Adult First Nations Indigenous People-A Scoping Review

Background: Among First Nations adults living in OECD nations bronchiectasis appears at a particularly heightened rate, due to high childhood incidence, and high prevalence of associated risk factors. To date, however, the extent of the bronchiectasis disease burden among adult First Nations people has not been formally assessed. Methods: Two databases (Pubmed and Scopus) were reviewed for English literature published from January 2000 to March 2022 pertaining to bronchiectasis among adult First Nations indigenous people residing in OECD nations. All studies that reported on prevalence, incidence, or outcomes (i.e., hospitalisations, mortality) directly associated with bronchiectasis were included. Studies that did not provide indigenous specific, bronchiectasis specific data, or were paediatric studies were ex-cluded. Participant numbers and demographics, bronchiectasis prevalence or incidence, respiratory comorbidities and outcomes including mortality, hospitalisations or univariate or multivariate mod-elling to describe the risk of bronchiectasis and outcomes were tabulated. Results: Twenty-five studies were included, drawn from Australia (n=16), New Zealand (n=7) and North America (n=1), with most studies (n=21) reporting on referred populations. A median num-ber of participants was 241 (range 31 to 1765) (excluding nationwide hospitalisation datasets (n=3)) with a mean age of 48.4 years, and 55% females. The hospital admission rate for bronchiectasis was 3.5x to 5x higher among Māori compared to non-Māori New Zealanders, and 5x higher in indigenous compared to non-indigenous Australians. Mortality ranged from 10 to 56% on follow-up. Conclusion: Bronchiectasis disease burden is higher among adult First Nations indigenous populations, presenting earlier with high mortality and hospitalisation rate. Further studies are required to address this inequality