Concentration in Knowledge Output:A Case of Economics Journals

Journals moderate knowledge activity in economics. The activity of publishing article in professional journal forms significant part of knowledge output. Output of economics articles has been growing over the time. We examine an important question: Is there any case of institutional or location concentration in knowledge production? This paper analyses concentration indicators specific to economics journals and explores link between publication process and concentration. The analysis of various concentration measures present evidence for institutional-geographic-area-author concentration in Knowledge production in Economics. High concentration levels indicate possibility of institutional lock-in. The literature provides evidence for myopic refereeing, editorial favouritism and the presence of ‘lock-in’ effect. The achievement in journal publication is influenced by factors like institutional affiliation, propitious circumstances etc. Discussion carried out in this paper hints the possibility of causal link between unfair process and unfair outcome.Knowledge,Lotka's Law,Fourier Series

Evaluation of Barley Genotypes Against Spot Blotch Disease in Inner Tarai Region of Nepal

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoem. is an important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A total of 126 barley genotypes received from Hill Crops Research Program, Kabre, Dolakha having SoluUwa as a susceptible check and Bonus as a resistant check were evaluated as barley disease screening nursery (BDSN) under natural epiphytotic condition at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan during winter seasons of 2017 and 2018. The nursery was planted in augmented design. The resistant and susceptible checks were repeated and planted after each 10 tested entries. The unit plot size was 2 rows of one meter length for each genotype planted continuously with 25cm row to row spacing. The seed rate was 100 kg/ha. The recommended fertilizer dose of 23:30:0 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha was applied. The double digit scale (00 to 99) was used to measure overall foliar infection on the whole plant during flowering, soft dough and hard dough stages. Other agronomic practices were followed as per recommendation. Genotypes B86019-1K-3K-0K3, ACC 2087, ACC 2441, ACC GHv-06816, ACC 1597, ACC 1612, ACC 2059 and ACC 2032 were resistant against spot blotch disease. Similarly, 32 barley genotypes were moderately resistant and rest of the tested genotypes were susceptible to the disease. The selected resistant barley genotypes can be used in crossing program and/or promoted for further testing to develop spot blotch resistant varieties for inner Tarai region of Nepal

Efficacy of Biological and Chemical Treatments for the Management of Damping Off (Pythium Spp.) of Bitter Gourd in the Nursery

A field experiment on “Efficacy of Biological and Chemical Treatments for the management of Damping Off (Pythium Spp.) of Bitter Gourd in the nursery” was conducted during March 1st 2017 to April 18th 2017. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments included biocontrol agent as Trichodermaharzianum(1× 106 CFU/ml),Vitavex (0.1%), Bavistin (2 g/kg of seed) and Mancozeb 75 % WP (2 g/kg of seed) as chemical treatments and integration of bio control agent and chemicals were used. The germination percentage, pre and post emergence damping off of bitter gourd seedlings were recorded. The significant; increment in germination percentage (120 %),reduction in pre and post disease incidence (92 % and 89 %) was found in seed treatment of Vitavex(0.1%) + soil treatment with Trichoderma (1× 106 CFU/ml) and it was followed by seed treatment with Bavistin (2 g/kg of seed). It was may be due to the inhibitory effect of fungicide Vitavex on development of seed borne pathogen reducing seedling mortality at an early stage followed by vigorous root and shoot development as affected by the antagonistic and hormonal effect of the Trichodermaharzianum

Effects of Chemical, Biological and Botanical for the Management of Alternaria Leaf Spot Disease of Radish for Healthy Seed Production

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different treatments viz. SAAF (mancozeb +carbendazim) (2g l-1), Acorous calamus root extract (50 %), Trichoderma harzianum (106 conidia ml-1) aqueous suspension and two radish varieties (Mino Early and Pyuthaney Rato) against Alternaria leaf spot disease (Alternaria brassicae) of radish in research plot of Department of Plant Pathology AFU, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season of 2015. Foliar applications of the treatments were used for six times from 40 DAS to 90 DAS at 10 days interval. All treatments were found significant during all observations for per cent disease index (PDI) and yield. Lowest PDI was recorded in application of SAAF (carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63%) (52.33 % and 34.33 %), which was statiscally at par and followed by foliar application of T.harzianum (56.17 % and 39.5 %) in both vegetative growth stage (60 DAS) and reproductive stage (90 DAS) of radish. There was significant difference in PDI between the varieties, Mino Early (43.58 %) followed by Pyuthaney Rato (49.92 %) in 90 DAS. Similarly in case of seed yield, highest yield was recorded from SAAF (0.6 t ha1) followed by Trichoderma harzianum (0.49 t ha -1). Also in case of variety significant difference in yield was recorded, highest yield was recorded from Mino Early (0.57 t ha-1) followed by Pyuthaney Rato (0.30 t ha-1)

A Study on Conservation of Water Bodies in Sangam Literature

World that is equal to nature in human life. Location Water is one of the most important things for a human being to have food and clothing. If the fifties are in balance in the life of every man no harm will ever come to man. The structure of nature depends on the fifties earth, water, fire, air, and sky. Of It was the waters that were preserved during the Sangam period. Man cannot live without water. Poets have spoken about the nature of water in Sangam literary songs. When we look at the plight of farmers without rain today and the suffering of people without drinking water, the poets in the Sangam literature have said with a view to researching the water levels followed by the Palanthamil in the Sangam literature, the method of conserving water as well as water storage and seasoning. And the nature of rainwater, which is formed naturally, is one of the essential elements for every creative act of man. The purpose of this article is to examine the news about water through the footnotes of the ancient Tamil text