A Schumpeterian approach to examine the development boundary of casino tourism

In The Theory of Economic Development, Joseph Schumpeter ([1934] 1983, Chapter II) explicates how the dynamic role of innovative mindset and ability of entrepreneurs, through introducing new methods of production and new economic commodities, leads up to the expansion of the boundary for economic/industrial development. By following Schumpeter’s approach, we explore the development boundary of casino tourism. Through a post facto analysis of the hard evidences derived across the world (e.g., Las Vegas, Macao and Singapore) since the 1980s, the dimensions of innovation to the development boundary of casino tourism are scrutinized and explicated. Besides, we uncovered that the expanding capacity and changing institutions of casino tourism generates positive feedbacks which further stimulates the progressive changes in the innovative process. Nevertheless, different from the industrial world being examined by Schumpeter, casino tourism supplies leisure and related hospitality services by incorporating a unique component of casino gaming. In practice, innovations in casino gaming may promote gambling behavior by various communities which is not necessarily a socially desired consequence. This actually generates a new form of negative externality that may as well set a limit to the industry’s development boundary at both the regional and global levels

Programmable logic circuits for functional integrated smart plastic systems

In this paper, we present a functional integrated plastic system. We have fabricated arrays of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and printed electronic components driving an electrophoretic ink display up to 70mm by 70mm on a single flexible transparent plastic foil. Transistor arrays were quickly and reliably configured for different logic functions by an additional process step of inkjet printing conductive silver wires and poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) resistors between transistors or between logic blocks. Among the circuit functions and features demonstrated on the arrays are a 7-stage ring oscillator, a D-type ip-flop memory element, a 2:4 demultiplexer, a programmable array logic device (PAL), and printed wires and resistors. Touch input sensors were also printed, thus only external batteries were required for a complete electronic subsystem. The PAL featured 8 inputs, 8 outputs, 32 product terms, and had 1260 p-type polymer transistors in a 3-metal process using diode-load logic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a PAL concept with organic transistors has been demonstrated, and also the first time that organic transistors have been used as the control logic for a flexible display which have both been integrated on to a single plastic substrate. The versatility afforded by the additive inkjet printing process is well suited to organic programmable logic on plastic substrates, in effect, making flexible organic electronics more flexibleRCUK, OtherThis is the final published version. It is also available from Elsevier at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1566119914003607#

Optimal cutoff-value of Siemens cardiac troponin I assay in patients with kidney disease for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

Purpose: The recent introduction of more sensitive cardiac troponin (cTn) assays improved the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, its diagnostic utility has never been tested in patients with kidney disease (KD), who are known to have elevated levels of cTn already in the absence of AMI, which may lead to a lower diagnostic value of more sensitive cTn in this high-risk subgroup. Methods: We conducted an international multicenter study to examine the diagnostic accuracy of the Siemens cTnI Ultra assay in 1997 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of AMI, of whom 343 (17%) were determined to have KD (MDRD GFR <60ml/min/1.73m2) and to derive the optimal cutoff-value for the diagnosis of AMI in patients with KD. The diagnostic accuracy was further compared to a conventional cTn assay (Roche Troponin T fourth generation). The final diagnosis was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists based on hs-cTnT. Results: AMI was the final diagnosis in 35% (n=120) of all KD-patients as compared to 18% in patients with normal kidney function (p<0.001). Among KD-patients with other diagnoses than AMI, baseline hs-cTnI-levels were elevated above the 99thpercentile in 20%, In patients with KD the diagnostic accuracy at presentation, quantified by the area under the receiver-operator-characteristic curve (AUC), was significantly greater for Siemens cTnI as compared to the standard cTnT assay (AUC for cTnI, 0.88 vs. AUC for the standard assay, 0.82, p=0.013). In patients presenting within three hours after the onset of chest pain, the superiority of Siemens cTnI over conventional cTnT was even more pronounced (AUC 0.86 vs. 0.72, p=0.005). In KD, the optimal hs-cTnI cutoff derived from the ROC curve was 46 ng/l compared to 19 ng/l in patients with normal kidney function (standard 99th percentile 40 ng/l, provided by the manufacturer). Conclusions: The Siemens cTnI Ultra assay has a very high diagnostic accuracy also in KD-patients and is superior to a conventional cTnT-assay. Mild cTnI elevations are common in non-AMI patients. The optimal cutoff-level in KD-patients seems to be around the 99th percentile of a standard population, whereas the optimal cutoff-level in patients with normal kidney function tends to be only half of the suggested cutoff-value. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT0047058

Programmable logic circuits for functional integrated smart plastic systems

In this paper, we present a functional integrated plastic system. We have fabricated arrays of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and printed electronic components driving an electrophoretic ink display up to 70 mm by 70 mm on a single flexible transparent plastic foil. Transistor arrays were quickly and reliably configured for different logic functions by an additional process step of inkjet printing conductive silver wires and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) resistors between transistors or between logic blocks. Among the circuit functions and features demonstrated on the arrays are a 7-stage ring oscillator, a D-type flip-flop memory element, a 2:4 demultiplexer, a programmable array logic device (PAL), and printed wires and resistors. Touch input sensors were also printed, thus only external batteries were required for a complete electronic subsystem. The PAL featured 8 inputs, 8 outputs, 32 product terms, and had 1260 p-type polymer transistors in a 3-metal process using diode-load logic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a PAL concept with organic transistors has been demonstrated, and also the first time that organic transistors have been used as the control logic for a flexible display which have both been integrated on to a single plastic substrate. The versatility afforded by the additive inkjet printing process is well suited to organic programmable logic on plastic substrates, in effect, making flexible organic electronics more flexible. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V.X113426Ysciescopu

Summary of the First Workshop on Sustainable Software for Science: Practice and Experiences (WSSSPE1)

Challenges related to development, deployment, and maintenance of reusable software for science are becoming a growing concern. Many scientists’ research increasingly depends on the quality and availability of software upon which their works are built. To highlight some of these issues and share experiences, the First Workshop on Sustainable Software for Science: Practice and Experiences (WSSSPE1) was held in November 2013 in conjunction with the SC13 Conference. The workshop featured keynote presentations and a large number (54) of solicited extended abstracts that were grouped into three themes and presented via panels. A set of collaborative notes of the presentations and discussion was taken during the workshop. Unique perspectives were captured about issues such as comprehensive documentation, development and deployment practices, software licenses and career paths for developers. Attribution systems that account for evidence of software contribution and impact were also discussed. These include mechanisms such as Digital Object Identifiers, publication of “software papers”, and the use of online systems, for example source code repositories like GitHub. This paper summarizes the issues and shared experiences that were discussed, including cross-cutting issues and use cases. It joins a nascent literature seeking to understand what drives software work in science, and how it is impacted by the reward systems of science. These incentives can determine the extent to which developers are motivated to build software for the long-term, for the use of others, and whether to work collaboratively or separately. It also explores community building, leadership, and dynamics in relation to successful scientific software

Report on the Third Workshop on Sustainable Software for Science: Practice and Experiences (WSSSPE3)

This report records and discusses the Third Workshop on Sustainable Software for Science: Practice and Experiences (WSSSPE3). The report includes a description of the keynote presentation of the workshop, which served as an overview of sustainable scientific software. It also summarizes a set of lightning talks in which speakers highlighted to-the-point lessons and challenges pertaining to sustaining scientific software. The final and main contribution of the report is a summary of the discussions, future steps, and future organization for a set of self-organized working groups on topics including developing pathways to funding scientific software; constructing useful common metrics for crediting software stakeholders; identifying principles for sustainable software engineering design; reaching out to research software organizations around the world; and building communities for software sustainability. For each group, we include a point of contact and a landing page that can be used by those who want to join that group's future activities. The main challenge left by the workshop is to see if the groups will execute these activities that they have scheduled, and how the WSSSPE community can encourage this to happen

A computational investigation on the influence of the use of elliptical orifices on the inner nozzle flow and cavitation development in diesel injector nozzles

In this paper a computational study was carried out in order to investigate the influence of the use of elliptical orifices on the inner nozzle flow and cavitation development. With this aim, a large number of injection conditions have been simulated and analysed for 5 different nozzles: four nozzles with different elliptical orifices and one standard nozzle with circular orifices. The four elliptical nozzles differ from each other in the orientation of the major axis (vertical or horizontal) and in the eccentricity value, but keeping the same outlet section in all cases. The comparison has been made in terms of mass flow, momentum flux and other important non-dimensional parameters which help to describe the behaviour of the inner nozzle flow: discharge coefficient (C-d), area coefficient (C-a) and velocity coefficient (C-v). The simulations have been done with a code able to simulate the flow under either cavitating or non-cavitating conditions. This code has been previously validated using experimental measurements over the standard nozzle with circular orifices. The main results of the investigation have shown how the different geometries modify the critical cavitation conditions as well as the discharge coefficient and the effective velocity. In particular, elliptical geometries with vertically oriented major axis are less prone to cavitate and have a lower discharge coefficient, whereas elliptical geometries with horizontally oriented major axis are more prone to cavitate and show a higher discharge coefficient. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This work was partly sponsored by "Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion" of the "Universitat Politecnica de Valencia" in the frame of the project "Estudio de la influencia del uso de combustibles alternativos sobre el proceso de inyeccion mediante GRID computing (FUELGRID)", Reference SP20120396 and by "Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad" in the frame of the project "Comprension de la influencia de combustibles no convencionales en el proceso de inyeccion y combustion tipo diesel", reference TRA2012-36932. This support is gratefully acknowledged by the authors.Molina, S.; Salvador Rubio, FJ.; Carreres Talens, M.; Jaramillo, D. (2014). A computational investigation on the influence of the use of elliptical orifices on the inner nozzle flow and cavitation development in diesel injector nozzles. Energy Conversion and Management. 79:114-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.015S1141277

Scaling violations: Connections between elastic and inelastic hadron scattering in a geometrical approach

Starting from a short range expansion of the inelastic overlap function, capable of describing quite well the elastic pp and $\bar{p}p$ scattering data, we obtain extensions to the inelastic channel, through unitarity and an impact parameter approach. Based on geometrical arguments we infer some characteristics of the elementary hadronic process and this allows an excellent description of the inclusive multiplicity distributions in $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ collisions. With this approach we quantitatively correlate the violations of both geometrical and KNO scaling in an analytical way. The physical picture from both channels is that the geometrical evolution of the hadronic constituents is principally reponsible for the energy dependence of the physical quantities rather than the dynamical (elementary) interaction itself.Comment: 16 pages, aps-revtex, 11 figure