Outcome Analysis in Ipsilateral Proximal Femur and Femoral Shaft Fractures treated by Intramedullary Nail and Plate Combinations: A Comparative study

INTRODUCTION: Ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures are uncommon injuries encountered following high energy trauma. Despite availability of various treatment modalities, controversy exists regarding the optimal management of these fractures. This study compares the intramedullary nailing technique (reconstruction type or long proximal femur nail type) and various plate combinations type (dynamic hip screw with long side plate or combination of dynamic hip screw and compression plate) on the clinical, radiological and functional outcome in patients with these fractures. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study & compare the Clinical, Radiological and Functional outcome of Ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures treated by two methods nailing/plating in our Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai during the period of March 2016 to September 2016. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess and study ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures with special reference to fracture anatomy and stability. 2. To assess the results obtained in the treatment of these fracture with intramedullary nail or extra medullary screw plate devices and to compare the results with previously done studies. 3. To evaluate the status of this technique and method with special emphasis on: a. Time for union, b. Assessment of complications, c. Functional outcome, d. Recovery duration after surgery. METHODS: 20 patients with Ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures were operated by one of the two methods- Intramedullary nailing (Group I, 10 patients) and plate combinations (Group II, 10 patients) according to surgeon’s preference. The functional results of the patients were assessed with the system used by Friedman and Wyman. Radiological and functional assessment was done. RESULTS: The mean age was 49 years in group I and 38 years in group II. The average follow up was 14 months. The average union time in group I and group II for proximal femur fracture was 3.78 and 3.80 weeks and for femoral shaft fracture was 8.00 and 11.22 months respectively. 8 patients in group I and 7 patients in group II showed good functional results. Two patients needed re-surgery in group I and 3 patients in group II. CONCLUSION: Ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures can be treated satisfactorily either with intramedullary nailing or plate combinations with similar outcome

Analysis of ITU-R Performance and Characterization of Ku Band Satellite Downlink Signals during Rainy Season over Chennai Region of India

In this paper, we present the analysis of Ku band Satellite signal reception during rainy season over Chennai region, India (Latitude: 12° 56' 60 N, Longitude: 80° 7' 60 E). We also examine the effectiveness of International Telecommunication Union – Radio communication (ITU-R) model in predicting the rainfall induced attenuation in Ku band, over this region. An improved Simulink model for Digital Video Broadcast – Satellite (DVB-S2) downlink channel incorporating rain attenuation and Cross Polarization Discrimination (XPD) effects is developed to study the rain attenuation effects, by introducing the experimental data in the ITU-R model pertaining to that region. Based on the improved model, a Monte Carlo simulation of the DVB–S2 signal link is carried out and the performance is analyzed by received constellation and Bit Error Rate (BER) parameters

Usage of lipid-lowering drugs such as atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in the management of hyperlipidemia in multiple vessel wall block patients

Background: Multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is a disease stage in which at least two or three of the epicardial coronary arteries is involved with atherosclerosis of significant severity. The multi-vessel disease is often associated with a higher burden of comorbidities, left ventricular dysfunction, and cardiovascular risk. Dyslipidaemia is the commonest cause of the blood vessel diseases and their incidence has been rising all over the world thereby increasing the morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidaemia is also one of the component of metabolic syndrome along with another group of cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure (BP), abdominal obesity, and insulin intolerance, whose concurrent appearance increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. To compare the efficacy of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in the management of hyperlipidaemia. To compare the dose-related efficacy of statins on lipid goal achievement in patients with hyperlipidaemia.Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-blinded interventional study was conducted for a period of 1 year [2014-1015] in medicine OPD in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. A total number of 100 patients with diagnosed multiple vessel blocks were included in this study. Among them, 50 patients were randomized to group A. 50 patients were selected to group B. 50 patients of the group A are treated with Atorvastatin up 10 mg once daily for 8 weeks. 50 patients of group B were treated with Rosuvastatin up to 10mg/day. For 8 weeks the results were analysed accordingly.Results: Even though both rosuvastatin 10mg/day and atorvastatin 10mg/day produced a reduction in total cholesterol (p<0.001) significantly, rosuvastatin produced a reduction in LDL levels (p<0.001) more significantly than atorvastatin 10mg/day.Conclusions: Rosuvastatin produces a greater reduction in serum LDL-C levels and should, therefore, be preferred over atorvastatin. Both the treatment regimens significantly decreased TC, TG, LDL C, VLDL C, but the reduction was more and statistically significant in Rosuvastatin when compared with atorvastatin-treated group at the end of 8 weeks

Diclofenac-induced biochemical changes in nephrotoxicity among male Albino rats

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with adverse renal effects caused by the reduction in synthesis of renal prostaglandins in sensitive persons or animal species, and potentially during long-term use in non-sensitive persons if resistance to side effects decreases with age. The effects of diclofenac sodium on the kidneys were studied during 4 1/2 hours in eight patients with normal renal function. Urinary output decreased within 10 min after the injection, and maximally by 80%. The renal plasma flow and the glomerular filtration rate initially diminished significantly, by 35%, but began to increase after only 2 hours. The dominant and persistent effect was a reduction of free water clearance, with maximum fall from 5.9 to 0.08ml/min after 2 1/2 hours. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diclofenac-induced acute nephrotoxicity using biochemical parameters in rats.Methods: 12 male Wistar rats allotted in 4 equal groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0, 10, 50 and 100mg/kg diclofenac, respectively and 12 hours after injection, blood serum samples were collected for assessment of basic renal function test parameters such as urea, creatinine, and uric acid, sodium, Potassium.Results: Rats treated up to 50mg/kg diclofenac were considered to be within normal range in rats. By increase in dose more than 50mg/kg showed significant increases in uremia were evidenced in intoxicated animals. Observed specifically in group IV Rats.Conclusions: In this study, uremia, as an indicator of kidney damage, was significantly increased depending on dose. Diclofenac may cause kidney damage depending on dose and this effect may also be observed. NSAIDs-induced nephrotoxicity may be due to the inhibitory effect of these drugs on prostaglandin synthesis, thus causing kidney ischemia

INFLUENCE OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON GROWTH OF SESAMUM INDICUM L. IN ZINC DEFICIENT SOIL

Objective: A comparative examine of L. aculeate mediated ZnO (BZnO) and synthesized chemical ZnO (CZnO) nanoparticles became done which will decide the impact of seed germination on Sesamum indicum (CO-1). Methods: Zinc oxide nanoparticles had been synthesized by the biological and chemical methods. Synthesized nanoparticles have been confirmed with Ultra Violet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). Different concentration of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g/l) solution were prepared and applied to Sesamum indicum by soaking approach. The impact of ZnO nanoparticles treated plants were studied by using the standard procedure on plant growth attributes (shoot and root length, dry and fresh weight of shoot and root), photosynthesis pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll) and biochemical analysis (protein, carbohydrate and reducing sugar). Results: The characterization analysis revealed that BZnO &amp; CZnO NPs were spherical in shape with a mean particle size of 12±3 nm and 18±2 nm. The maximum observation of growth attributes was recorded in 0.5 g/l concentration of biologically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles which was compared to chemically synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. Conclusion: Results of this experiment revealed that Lantana aculeate mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles are an enhanced useful resource of Sesamum indicum. It is able to use as nano fertilizer in agriculture development. Keywords: Plant growth attributes, Sesamum indicum, Seed germination, Zinc oxide nanoparticles

Comparison of clinical outcome of titanium elastic nail and plate osteosynthesis in paediatric femoral diaphyseal fractures.

BACKGROUND: There are a wide variety of non surgical treatment and surgical options available such as spica casting, traction followed by casting, plate fixation and flexible intramedullary nails for femur diaphyseal fractures in children. There is no clear consensus as to the ideal treatment. METHODS: We report our experience with a prospective comparative study involving 20 cases of femoral diaphyseal fractures treated with DCP and TENS with follow up of over a period of two years. Outcome was assessed with criteria of Flynn et al (2004). RESULTS: Out of the twenty cases 9 had middle 1/3rd fractures. Mean age was 8.9 + 2.38 years. Plating group has a mean radiological union of 9.9 + 1.66 weeks. TENS group has a mean radiological union of 7.80 + 1.03 weeks, which is statistically significant (p <0.01). Plating group has a mean clinical union (full weight bearing) in 13 + 2.05 weeks. Comparatively, the TENS group has a mean clinical union in 9.7 + 1.4 weeks, which is statistically significant (P<0.01). 2 cases in TENS group and 1 case in Plating group had limb length discrepancy and there were 2 cases with coronal plane angulation in TENS group. Functional outcome at the end of one year of both the groups was similar. CONCLUSION: Even though long term functional outcome of both procedures are similar, TENS has several statistically significant advantages over DCP in relation to patient morbidity. Hence a better choice of implant for paediatric femoral diaphyseal fractures

SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM STREPTOMYCES CAVOURESIS KUV39: EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY

Objective: To assess the antioxidant and anticancer activity of crude ethyl acetate extract from Streptomyces cavouresis KU-V39 isolated from vermicompost. Methods: To determine its antioxidant activity by total phenol and flavonoid content, Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity and Ferrous reducing power assay. To determine in vitro cytotoxicity, various concentrations of extract was tested on HeLa cell line by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) have been carried out to investigate the bioactive compound of crude extract. Results: The Phenol and flavonoid content of crude extract was found to be 20.24 and 26.60 mg /g metabolite. Isolate KU-V39 exhibited H2O2 scavenging activity at IC50 value is 42.35 ± 0.75 μg/ml. The ferrous reducing power assay has higher absorbance value which indicates the high antioxidant capacity of the extracts. The analysis of FT-IR spectroscopy indicate presents of Phenol, carboxylic acid, alkanes, nitro and aliphatic amines functional groups. The GC – MS analysis revealed that presence of Pentanoic acid, L-Proline, Lysine, Erucic acid, isosteviol, Pentadecanoic acid, Phthalic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Octadecenoic acid, Dichloroacetic acid, Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and Pyrrolo pyrazine derivative. Conclusion: This spectral study clearly proved that the vermicompost derived Streptomyces with extra cellular metabolism showed promising antioxidant and anticancer activity

Microscopic visualization of regeneration in scale worm Paralepidonotus sp. (Grube, 1878)

360-364Regeneration of damaged or lost body parts is an ecologically important process in the animal realm. Like many other annelids, segmented worms and bearded scale worm, Paralepidonotus sp. is capable of regenerating its anterior elytra and posterior body segments and terminal structures that are lost due to amputation. In aquaculture industry, scale worms have importance as common live feed. In this context, we studied the morphology and organization of tissues in Paralepidonotus sp. populations which have ability to regenerate the anterior elytra and posterior region. The study revealed that the process of blastema formation in the anterior (Elytra) and posterior segments of Paralepidonotus sp. was normal and got regenerated to its original state during 9th to 12th day of experiment, and thus this species can be used for mass scale production to cater to the demand of aquaculture as suitable live feed for feeding the brooders both in shrimp and ornamental Aquaculture

Effect of infected Bile in Post Operative outcome of Pancreaticoduodenectomy.

INTRODUCTION : Bile in normal subjects is sterile. This is brought about by various factors like the presence of biliary sphincter, antegrade flow of bile , mucus secretion of the biliary tract, antibacterial , anti fungal action of the bile salts , Ig A secretion , presence of hepatic tight junctions & other factors . Various pathologic conditions lead to bactibilia . Biliary obstruction is the most common condition associated with bactibilia .It results in increased pressure in the biliary system leading to breakdown of bile junction leading to cholangiovenous reflux, obstruction leads to diminishing the physical barrier of flushing, decreased bile salt delivery in the intestine resulting in less bile salt mediated bacteriostatic / bacteriocidal activity, promoting bacterial overgrowth, subsequent t increased translocation of bacteria into portal circulation . In addition the jaundice associated with biliary obstruction causes decreased kupffer cell function. In the presence of the gall stones within the gallbladder or the biliary tree, positive cultures are seen in 15% to 50% and 70 to 90% respectively . Where as in complete ductal obstruction with malignancy 25% to 40% have positive cultures. If a preoperative bile stent had been placed 69% of bile cultures were positive when a preoperative stent had been placed. AIM : The aim of present study was to determine association between bile infection and invasive preoperative investigations and its influence on morbidity and mortality following pancreatico duodenectomy. MATERIALS & METHODS : Between May 2007 and April 2009, 51 consecutive patients underwent Pancreaticoduodenectomy with routine bile culture at our institution. This study compared two groups: one with positive bile culture (group A n = 23), and the other with sterile bile (group B, n =28). After induction of anesthesia, all patients received intravenous antibioprophylaxis with cefazolin (2 g, followed by 1 g every 4hours). At the beginning of the procedure, patients had bile sampling from the common bile duct for bacterial examination and study of susceptibility to antibiotics. ancreaticoduodenectomy without pylorus preservation was performed with lymphadenectomy including nodes of the peripancreatic groups, hepatic pedicle, and right aspects of both celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery. Reconstruction was routinely performed with pancreaticogastrostomy, hepaticojejunostomy, and gastrojejunostomy. Octreotide 100 μg subcutaneously 3 times per day was given only to patients with a soft pancreas and was started at the time of operation. The abdominal cavity was drained routinely using an open silicone drain. Oral diet was initiated 7 days after operation in patients without pancreatic leak or other intraabdominal complication. CONCLUSION : In conclusion, Infected bile increases the post operative complications and associated with life threatening septicemia & renal insufficiency. Endoscopic stenting increases the risk of bactibilia, and post operative complications. Endoscopic stenting should be done only to strictly indicated patients. In patients with bactibilia intra operative spillage should be kept minimum & should be carefully followed post operatively to identify this complications and treated promptly .In view of increased septic complications , life threatening septicemia and renal failure in this patients with positive bile culture especially with preoperative biliary stenting , we advocate routine intra operative bile culture in all cases, specific antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with significant bactibilia in Gram stain smear & positive bile culture depending on the sensitivity patterns in the treating institution

A Comprehensive Review on Current Performance, Challenges and Progress in Thin-Film Solar Cells

Due to the recent surge in silicon demand for solar modules, thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules have a potential to penetrate the market in significant numbers. As an alternate candidate, thin film technologies in PVs have the ability to achieve better performance. The competing thin-film PV technologies have the flexibility to adapt to any sort of curvature compared to rigid solar cells (SCs). Due to the peculiar characteristics of newer solar materials, stability issues, reflection losses, advancements in electrode materials and dopant materials with a photoactive layer are current challenges driving the industrial-academic voyage of development of solar materials for the betterment of Photo-conversion Efficiency (PCE). Based on the photoactive materials used over time, SC evolution was broadly classified into first, second and third generation SCs. In this review, the basic working mechanisms, various materials used, drawbacks and stability issues of different SCs are discussed extensively. Thin film SCs tend to absorb certain elastic deformations due to their flexible nature and to a certain extent. According to the NREL efficiency chart, multi-junctional SCs exhibit enhanced efficiency as compared to the other SCs. Among the third-generation SCs, the perovskite/Si tandem architecture shows a maximum efficiency of approximately 29%. Thin film flexible SCs find application in various sectors such as automobile, defense and/or energy storage device