The marine pollution control from industrial sources in Bangladesh : a legal study

Marine pollution from industrial sources is a key concern for the government of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is not an industrialised country, but the rapid growth of industry has created a serious marine pollution problem in this country. Numerous guidelines and principles on the basis of controlling procedures have been formulated by the government in the long run for addressing the matter. Despite the initiatives, no important progress has been achieved. This study intends to discover the shortcomings of the problem and recommend necessary measures to control the pollution effectively. This thesis discusses different international legal instruments of regional and universal application and regional initiatives to control marine pollution from industrial sources. Further, from the management viewpoint, a useful scheme to control pollution is impossible to establish unless the efforts are cooperatively put in practice. This research study evaluates the prevailing legal systems, studies current institutional arrangements, developing state laws and procedures related to marine pollution in an effort to pinpoint lawful modification that may assist the country to safeguard itself due to marine pollution. This research established that there are too many laws regarding marine pollution control, but no firm law to prevent marine pollution from industrial sources. Thus, a separate and integrated marine pollution prevention law (from land-based sources including industrial sources) and policy are needed to prevent pollution from the said source. To check, decrease and regulate pollution at marine environment, the marine pollution prevention law will be the umbrella for relevant legislation that specify for overall marine environmental protection of Bangladesh. A combined strategy has a part both at the procedure and the preparation levels. stakeholders’ consciousness on a broad strategy helps to manage and coordinate mutual concerns and to reduce the potential of disagreement when policy moves to plan and finally actions. Arrangements for marine pollution from industrial sources should emphasise collaboration among stakeholders local, national and global platforms, because the decisions about marine pollution arrangement would include assistance and procedures that bring various interests and proficiency of lawmakers, professional experts and stakeholders together

A compressive survey on different image processing techniques to identify the brain tumor.

Medical imaging technology has revolutionized health care over the past three decades, allowing doctors to detect, cure and improve patient outcomes. Medicinal imaging involves pictures - of internal organs, parts, tissues and bones - for therapeutic examination and research purposes. X-ray and CT scanners are the two greatest results of progress in imaging methods supplanting 2D procedures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an imaging procedure that is utilized in radiology to visualize interior structures of the body and better understand how they work. X-ray provides a 3D image of the body's interior; as well as being critical for tumor discovery, this also enables surgeons to more easily dissect infections or tumors than was possible with older X-beam technology, which provided a 2D image. This paper provides an overview of different systems that can be used for distinguishing and preparing medical images

New Clox Systems for rapid and efficient gene disruption in Candida albicans

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Janet Quinn, Lila Kastora, Joanna Potrykus, Michelle Leach, and others for sharing their experiences with the Clox cassettes. We thank Julia Kohler for her kind gift of the NAT1-flipper plasmid pJK863, Claudia Jacob for her advice with In-fusion cloning, and our colleagues in the Aberdeen Fungal Group for numerous stimulating discussions. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. The sequences of all Clox cassettes are available in GenBank: URA3-Clox (loxP-URA3-MET3p-cre-loxP): GenBank accession number KC999858. NAT1-Clox (loxP-NAT1-MET3p-cre-loxP): GenBank accession number KC999859. LAL (loxP-ARG4-loxP): GenBank accession number DQ015897. LHL (loxP-HIS1-loxP): GenBank accession number DQ015898. LUL (loxP-URA3-loxP): GenBank accession number DQ015899. Funding: This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (www.wellcome.ac.uk): S.S., F.C.O., N.A.R.G., A.J.P.B. (080088); N.A.R.G., A.J.P.B. (097377). The authors also received support from the European Research Council [http://erc.europa.eu/]: DSC. ERB, AJPB (STRIFE Advanced Grant; C-2009-AdG-249793). The European Commission also provided funding [http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7]: I.B., A.J.P.B. (FINSysB MC-ITN; PITN-GA-2008-214004). Also the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council provided support [www.bbsrc.ac.uk]: N.A.R.G., A.J.P.B. (Research Grant; BB/F00513X/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A 65-kDa protein mediates the positive role of Heme in regulating the transcription of CYP2B1/B2 gene in rat liver

Heme deficiency precipitated by CoCl2 administration to rats leads to a striking decrease in the inducibility of CYP2B1/B2 mRNA levels and its transcription by phenobarbitone (PB), besides decreasing the basal levels. Exogenous hemin administration counteracts the effects of CoCl2 administration. The binding of nuclear proteins to labeled positive cis-acting element (-69 to -98 nucleotides) in the near 5'-upstream region of the gene is inhibited by CoCl2 administration to saline or PB-treated rats, as assessed in gel shift assays. Administration of exogenous hemin to the animal or addition in vitro to the extracts is able to overcome the effects of CoCl2 treatment. The protein mediating this effect has been purified from CoCl2 administered nuclear extracts by heparin-agarose, positive element oligonucleotide affinity, and heme affinity column chromatography. This 65-kDa protein manifests very little binding to the positive element, but in the presence of certain other nuclear proteins, shows a strong heme-responsive binding. The purified protein binds heme. It is also able to stimulate transcription of a minigene construct of the CYP2B1/B2 gene containing -179 nucleotides of the 5'-upstream region and the I exon in a cell-free system, manifesting heme response. It is concluded that the 65-kDa protein mediates the constitutive requirement of heme for the transcription of CYP2B1/B2 gene

Synergistic Inhibition of Survival, Proliferation, and Migration of U87 Cells with a Combination of LY341495 and Iressa

Glioblastomas exploit various molecular pathways to promote glutamate-dependent growth by activating the AMPA (2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid) receptor, the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGluR, and the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR. We hypothesized that targeting more than one of these pathways would be more effective in inhibiting glutamate-dependent growth. Using a model of U87 cell line, we show that blocking glutamate release by Riluzole inhibits cell proliferation. Glutamate-dependent growth is effectively inhibited by a combination of Iressa, an inhibitor of EGFR activation and LY341495, a group II mGluR inhibitor. Treatment of U87 cells with a combination of Iressa and LY341495 inhibits proliferation as indicated by Ki-67 staining, induces apoptosis and inhibits migration of U87 cells more effectively than the treatment by Iressa or LY341495 alone. These results demonstrate that a combinatorial therapy with Iressa and LY341495 is more effective due to synergistic effects of these drugs in inhibiting the growth of glioblastoma

Stock price prognosticator using machine learning techniques.

Stock market price prediction is one of the favourite research topics under consideration for professionals from various fields like mathematics, statistics, history, finance, computer science engineering etc., as it requires a set of skills to predict variation of price of shares in a very volatile and challenging share market scenario. Share market trading is mostly dependent on sentiments of investors and other factors like economic policies, political changes, natural disasters etc., Many theories were forwarded, mathematical and statistical applications in conjunction with probability, to simplify the complex process. After the advent of computers, it got further simplified but still challenging due to various external influential factors ruling the volatility of the market prices. Thus, AI and ML algorithms were being developed, but for only for next day using Linear Regression procedures.Our project aims to predict the prices of shares more precisely and accurately using special algorithms using RNN by improvising the back propagation, feedback routines to overcome the short-term memory loss involved in RNN thus providing efficiency in LSTM applications.Our project emphasizes how the LSTM applications perform with datasets of extreme, larger and minimal fluctuating data

Emergent chiroptical properties in supramolecular and plasmonic assemblies

This tutorial provides a comprehensive description of the origin of chiroptical properties of supramolecular and plasmonic assemblies in the UV-visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The photophysical concepts essential for understanding chiroptical signatures are presented in the first section. Just as the oscillator strength (a positive quantity) is related to absorption, the rotational strength (either a positive or a negative quantity) defines the emergence of chiroptical signatures in molecular/plasmonic systems. In supramolecular systems, induced circular dichroism (ICD) originates through the off-resonance coupling of transition dipoles in chiral inclusion complexes, while exciton coupled circular dichroism (ECD) originates through the on-resonance exciton coupling of transition dipoles in chiral assemblies resulting in the formation of a bisignated CD signal. In bisignated ECD spectra, the sign of the couplet is determined not only by the handedness of chiral supramolecular assemblies, but also by the sign of the interaction energy between transition dipoles. Plasmonic chirality is briefly addressed in the last section, focusing on inherent chirality, induced chirality, and surface plasmon-coupled circular dichroism (SP-CD). The oscillator strength is of the order of 1 in molecular systems, while it becomes very large (104-105) in plasmonic systems due to the collective plasmonic excitations, resulting in intense CD signals, which can be exploited for the design of plasmonic metamaterial platforms for chiral sensing applications. This journal i

New \u3ci\u3eClox\u3c/i\u3e Systems for Rapid and Efficient Gene Disruption in \u3ci\u3eCandida albicans\u3c/i\u3e

Precise genome modification is essential for the molecular dissection of Candida albicans, and is yielding invaluable information about the roles of specific gene functions in this major fungal pathogen of humans. C. albicans is naturally diploid, unable to undergo meiosis, and utilizes a non-canonical genetic code. Hence, specialized tools have had to be developed for gene disruption in C. albicans that permit the deletion of both target alleles, and in some cases, the recycling of the Candida-specific selectable markers. Previously, we developed a tool based on the Cre recombinase, which recycles markers in C. albicans with 90–100% efficiency via site-specific recombination between loxP sites. Ironically, the utility of this system was hampered by the extreme efficiency of Cre, which prevented the construction in Escherichia coli of stable disruption cassettes carrying a methionine-regulatable CaMET3p-cre gene flanked by loxP sites. Therefore, we have significantly enhanced this system by engineering new Clox cassettes that carry a synthetic, intron-containing cre gene. The Clox kit facilitates efficient transformation and marker recycling, thereby simplifying and accelerating the process of gene disruption in C. albicans. Indeed, homozygous mutants can be generated and their markers resolved within two weeks. The Clox kit facilitates strategies involving single marker recycling or multi-marker gene disruption. Furthermore, it includes the dominant NAT1 marker, as well as URA3, HIS1 and ARG4 cassettes, thereby permitting the manipulation of clinical isolates as well as genetically marked strains of C. albicans. The accelerated gene disruption strategies afforded by this new Clox system are likely to have a profound impact on the speed with which C. albicans pathobiology can be dissected

A comparison of MITS counseling and informed consent processes in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Kenya, and Ethiopia

Globally, more than 5 million stillbirths and neonatal deaths occur annually. For many, the cause of death (CoD) is unknown. Minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) has been increasingly used in postmortem examinations for ascertaining the CoD in stillbirths and neonates. Our study compared the counseling and consent methods used in MITS projects in five countries in Africa and south Asia. Key informant interviews were conducted with researchers to describe the characteristics and backgrounds of counselors, the environment and timing of consent and perceived facilitators and barriers encountered during the consent process. Counselors at all sites had backgrounds in social science, psychology and counseling or clinical expertise in obstetrics/gynecology or pediatrics. All counsellors received training about techniques for building rapport and offering emotional support to families; training duration and methods differed across sites. Counselling environments varied significantly; some sites allocated a separate room, others counselled families at the bedside or nursing stations. All counsellors had a central role in explaining the MITS procedure to families in their local languages. Most sites did not use visual aids during the process, relying solely on verbal descriptions. In most sites, parents were approached within one hour of death. The time needed for decision making by families varied from a few minutes to 24 h. In most sites, extended family took part in the decision making. Because many parents wanted burial as soon as possible, counsellors ensured that MITS would be conducted promptly after receiving consent. Barriers to consent included decreased comprehension of information due to the emotional and psychological impact of grief. Moreover, having more family members engaged in decision-making increased the complexity of counselling and achieving consensus to consent for the procedure. While each site adapted their approach to fit the context, consistencies and similarities across sites were observed