On the Existence of Undistorted Progressive Waves (UPWs) of Arbitrary Speeds 0≤v<∞0 \leq v< \infty in Nature

We present the theory, the experimental evidence, and fundamental physical consequences concerning the existence of families of undistorted progressive waves (UPWs) of arbitrary speeds $0\leq v < \infty$, which are solutions of the homogeneous wave equation, Maxwell equations, and Dirac and Weyl equations.Comment: 77 pages, Latex article, with figures. Includes corrections to the published versio

Administration of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells restores bladder dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

PubMedID: 31207098Objective: This study evaluated the effect of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HUCB-MNCs) on bladder dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg, i.v.)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 30) were equally divided into three groups: control group, STZ-diabetic group, and HUCB-MNC-treated group (1 × 106 cells). HUCB-MNCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation from eight healthy donors and injected into the corpus cavenosum in STZ-diabetic rats 4 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Studies were performed 4 weeks after HUCB-MNC or vehicle injection. In vitro organ bath studies were performed on bladder strips, whereas protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1?, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and ?-smooth muscle actin (SMA) in the bladder and the ratio of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to collagen were determined using western blotting and Masson trichrome staining. Results: Neurogenic contractions of detrusor smooth muscle strips were 55% smaller in the diabetic group than control group (P &lt; 0.05); these contractions were normalized by HUCB-MNC treatment. In addition, HUCB-MNC treatment restored the impaired maximal carbachol-induced contractile response in detrusor strips in the diabetic group (29%; P &lt; 0.05). HUCB-MNC treatment improved the KCl-induced contractile response in the diabetic bladder (68%; P &lt; 0.05), but had no effect on ATP-induced contractile responses. Increased expression of HIF-1? and VEGF protein and decreased expression of ?-SMA protein and the SMC/collagen ratio in diabetic rats were reversed by HUCB-MNC. Conclusion: Administration of HUCB-MNCs facilitates bladder function recovery, which is likely related to downregulation of HIF-1? expression and attenuation of fibrosis in STZ-diabetic rats. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Lt

Potential therapeutic value of transient receptor potential channels in male urogenital system

PubMedID: 30194638Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels comprise a family of cation channels implicated in a variety of cellular processes including light, mechanical or chemical stimuli, temperature, pH, or osmolarity. TRP channel proteins are a diverse family of proteins that are expressed in many tissues. We debated our recent knowledge about the expression, function, and regulation of TRP channels in the different parts of the male urogenital system in health and disease. Emerging evidence suggests that dysfunction of TRP channels significantly contributes to the pathophysiology of urogenital diseases. So far, there are many efforts underway to determine if these channels can be used as drug targets to reverse declines in male urogenital function. Furthermore, developing safe and efficacious TRP channel modulators is warranted for male urogenital disorders in a clinical setting. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Management of erectile dysfunction: An under-recognition of hypertension

PubMedID: 30152279Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects 30 million men in the US with a decrease in quality of life. Thirty percent of hypertensive men suffer from ED. Objective: This review will debate the interplay between hypertension and ED, discovering novel insights concerning hypertension-linked ED, as well as the influence of antihypertensive medications on patients with ED. Method: Total number of records screened from PubMed yielded by the search which performed from January 2000-June 2018. Results: Hypertension can cause ED as a consequence of high blood pressure or antihypertensive treatment. Both hypertension and ED have endothelial dysfunction as a common base mechanism, which can lead to an increase in vascular smooth muscle contraction. Also, some phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitors used to treat ED can recover blood pressure. Conclusion: Understanding of common mechanisms involved in ED accompanied with hypertension and the research on antihypertensive drugs that impact ED will bring important approaches for identifying novel therapeutic strategies that will improve quality of life in patients with these conditions. © 2018, Bentham Science Publishers B.V. All rights reserved

Male urogenital disorders and metabolic syndrome: Possible links, characteristics and potential treatment strategies

PubMedID: 29237379Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), as a cluster of metabolic derangements which are major risk factors for vascular disease is one of the most important threats to public health. Although the epidemiological and limited amount of basic science and clinical evidence link MetS to several male urogenital disorders, a holistic approach aiming to define common mechanistic pathways and new possible therapeutic targets are lacking. Objective: The current review has focused on providing scientific evidence on the role of MetS and its components on male urogenital disorders and the definition of new therapeutic targets. Method: In this review, current clinical and basic science literature were assessed examining the role of MetS in etiology and pathogenesis of male urogenital disorders and performed through PubMed from 2000 to May 2017. Results and Conclusion: MetS shows an important association with common male urogenital disorders such as benign prostatic enlargement, lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile dysfunction, infertility and renal disease. MetS affects male urogenital system mainly through endocrine and vascular mechanisms. Obesity, hypogonadism, obesity-induced androgen deficiency, hyperinsulinemia and inflammation are the mechanisms commonly involved and may act as potential targets for MetS-male urogenital system interrelations. Future studies are needed to evaluate the therapeutic approaches for intervention in MetS-male urogenital disease relations. © 2018 Bentham Science Publishers