Practices of forest exploitation in priority investment projects: Benefits and implications

The paper discusses the topical issues of investment activities enhancement in the forest sector of the Russian economy by implementing the mechanism of priority investment projects in the field of forest exploitation - economic model of public-private partnership proposed by the forest owner (the State) for the private sector. The aim of the considered investment projects is the development of a timber-processing infrastructure, which is reliably provided with wood raw materials. It becomes possible to ensure certain preferences for businessmen that encourage them to invest money into the forest sector. Thus, the other objective is to develop recommendations for attracting investments into the forest sector of the Russian economy in the framework of priority investment projects. The paper analyzes a ten-year experience in the practice of applying priority investment projects in forest exploitation using an integrated approach to studying project management issues and method of comparison. The research identifies positive moments and a number of organizational and methodological shortcomings related to the development and implementation of investment projects in the forest sector of the Russian Federation. A number of areas contributing to the development of investment activities in forest exploitation is proposed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Cultural perspectives on the linguistic representations of emotion and emotion events

It is argued that the linguistic representation of emotions and events giving rise to them is influenced by the cultural regulation of the relationship between a person and others. Such cultural variations are expected to be reflected in how emotions and emotion events are represented in language. The two studies provide support for the hypothesis that in a culture where relationships and interdependence are valued emotion terms function as relationship-markers and emotion events are represented by the use of concrete linguistic terms when compared with cultures that emphasise the value of the individual. Moreover, we also found support for the argument that emotion terms function predominantly as self-markers in cultures that value individuality and that they are represented by more abstract terms (adjectives, nouns). The implications of these findings are discussed

Beyond the Myth of Nationality: Analyzing Networks within the European Commission

The current literature on the European Commission refers to the influence of nationality in the functioning of the Commission and in particular to the reliance on networks based on nationality, failing to give much evidence apart from anecdotes. This empirical study takes a systematic approach by applying concepts from organizational network analysis to examine the networking patterns of Commission officials and to explore the effect of nationality therein. The data clearly show that nationality is not a significant factor in shaping officials’ task-related informal networks. While variables related to nationality and socialization fail to explain the variation, the size of the member-state in terms of the amount of officials it has and whether the contacts occur within the Directorate-General determine whether an official relies on compatriots for information and advice. The organizational structure of the Commission renders nationality irrelevant for its daily work

The Cyprus Obstacle on Turkey's Road to Membership in the European Union

Introduction: Turkish-Greek relations and the Cyprus problem following the Turkish intervention of 1974 have occupied an important place throughout the evolution of the relations between Turkey and the European Union (EU).1 These two issues, often linked, figured among the most difficult to handle. The fact that Greece became a member of the EU in 1981 has complicated matters further, especially for the EU. From that point on, the EU could no longer keep its benevolent neutrality towards its two allies. Consequently, the road towards the amelioration of Turkish–EU relations passed via Athens and Nicosia,2 despite Turkey’s desire to keep the resolution of these issues separate from the question of its accession to the EU

Analisa Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Bioethanol Dari Batang Padi Sebagai Campuran Pada Bensin

Kandungan minyak bumi didunia semakin menipis, karena semakin bertambahnya kebutuhan manusia terhadap penggunaan minyak bumi sebagai bahan bakar. Dengan kondisi yang semakin menipis ini, cadangan minyak diprediksi hanya cukup untuk beberapa tahun ke depan. Semakin menipisnya kandungan minyak bumi menyebabkan harga bahan bakar melambung tinggi. Indonesia merupakan negara yang mempunyai sumber daya alam yang melimpah. Banyak kekayaan alam yang terdapat di Indonesia, dimana sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu urat nadi bangsa Indonesia. Sektor pertanian merupakan sektor yang mempunyai peranan strategis dalam struktur pembangunan perekonomian nasional. Melimpahnya sumber daya alam dan semakin menipisnya kandungan minyak bumi di Indonesia mendorong manusia beralih menggunakan bahan bakar alternative yang ramah lingkungan dan mempunyai jumlah atau stok yang banyak. Bahan bakar yang berasal dari alam disebut bioethanol. Salah satu sumber daya alam yang bisa digunakan untuk dijadikan bahan bakar yaitu Batang padi. Pada saat panen padi para petani hanya mengambil biji atau berasnya saja, sekam dan batang padi hasil panen dibuang begitu saja padahal sekam dan batang padi bisa digunakan untuk membuat bahan bakar alternative yaitu bioethanol. Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana pembuatan bioethanol dari batang padi, kandungan ethanol dalam batang padi, uji performa mesin otto dengan variasi konsentrasi bahan bakar bensin dengan etanol dengan variasi 100% Bensin, 75% Bensin + 25%Etanol, 50% Bensin + 50% Etanol, 25% Bensin + 75% Etanol dan 100% Etanol. Serta dengan variasi pembebanan yaitu dengan menggunakan beban 500, 1000, 1500, 2000,2500 watt. Selain itu juga dilakukan penelitian emisi yang dihasilkan oleh bahan bakar bioethanol. Dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan bahan bakar bioethanol memilki kandungan ethanol sebesar 95% dan hasil uji performa dari mesin otto dengan menggunakan variasi konsentrasi bahan bakar dan variasi pembebanan menunjukkan bahwa Daya, RPM, Torsi dan SFOC dari penggunaan variasi bahan bakar dan pembebanan menunjukkan bahwa semua parameter tersebut mengalami peningkatan apabila dibandingkan dengan penggunaan bahan bakar bensin. Selain itu dari segi emisi yang dihasilkan, emisi NOx mengalami peningkatan

Practices of forest exploitation in priority investment projects: Benefits and implications

The paper discusses the topical issues of investment activities enhancement in the forest sector of the Russian economy by implementing the mechanism of priority investment projects in the field of forest exploitation - economic model of public-private partnership proposed by the forest owner (the State) for the private sector. The aim of the considered investment projects is the development of a timber-processing infrastructure, which is reliably provided with wood raw materials. It becomes possible to ensure certain preferences for businessmen that encourage them to invest money into the forest sector. Thus, the other objective is to develop recommendations for attracting investments into the forest sector of the Russian economy in the framework of priority investment projects. The paper analyzes a ten-year experience in the practice of applying priority investment projects in forest exploitation using an integrated approach to studying project management issues and method of comparison. The research identifies positive moments and a number of organizational and methodological shortcomings related to the development and implementation of investment projects in the forest sector of the Russian Federation. A number of areas contributing to the development of investment activities in forest exploitation is proposed. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Pengaruh Perubahan Bentuk Intake Manifold Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Motor Diesel Dengan Metode Simulasi

Berbagai modifikasi pada mesin diesel dewasa ini telah banyak dilakukan. Mesin diesel mengalami pemodifikasian tidak lain adalah untuk meningkatkan unjuk kerja atau performa. Bagian mesin diesel yang paling banyak dimodifikasi adalah Intake Manifold. Pada permukaan dalam intake manifold ditambahkan pelat yang berbentuk ulir. Penambahan ulir akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya turbulensi aliran udara (swirl) yang akan masuk ke dalam ruang bakar. Semakin meningkatnya turbulensi aliran udara yang mengalir ke ruang bakar menghasilkan pencampuran udara dan bahan bakar yang lebih baik sehingga kualitas proses pembakaran akan semakin baik. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil analisa aliran yang dilakukan pada software. Dengan memodifikasi Intake Manifold dapat meningkatkan performa mesin diesel dimana terjadi pengurangan pembentukan jelaga pada gas buang, meningkatkan efisiensi konsumsi bahan bakar yang diuji lansung pada mesin diesel. Hasil terbaik dari pengujian diperoleh penggunaan ulir dengan panjang gelombang 100 mm

Prediksi Performa Linear Engine Bersilinder Tunggal Sistem Pegas Hasil Modifikasi Dari Mesin Konvensional Yamaha RS 100CC

Linear engine adalah salah satu inovasi dari engine yang dikembangkan karena memiliki performa yang lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan mesin konvensional. Peningkatan performa yang dialami karena berkurangnya gaya gesek yang terjadi. Sehingga perlu dilakukan pembuktian untuk mengetahui performa linear engine hasil modifikasi dari mesin konvensional Yamaha RS 100 CC dengan cara memprediksi melalui simulasi. Dalam analisa ini akan dibandingkan performa mesin konvensional dengan linear engine dalam bentuk perbandingan tekanan dengan volume, daya, torque, BSFC, Brake efficiency dalam variasi kecepatan antara 3.2 m/s – 19.2 m/s. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa performa yang dihasilkan linear engine hasil modifikasi tersebut meningkat. Daya maksimal dari linear engine meningkat sekitar 7.2% dari daya sebelumnya 6.9 kW menjadi 7.4 kW. Begitu juga torque yang dihasilkan meningkat menjadi 12.4 N/m , selain itu BSFC dari linear engine mengalami perbaikan sekitar 2 – 10% dari BSFC sebelumnya

Bridge-builders or Bridgeheads in Brussels? The World of Seconded National Experts

Introduction:The foregoing chapters of this book have demonstrated the extent to which national civil servants are involved in EU-related activities, and the dynamics of national administrative activities in the context of the EU. This chapter shifts the focus from national civil servants working on the European Union to national civil servants working for the European Union. This is a class of national civil servants for whom finding a balance between national and European interests in their work is a permanent, although sometimes implicit feature of their daily professional activities. The duality of national and European roles is perhaps the most exacerbated for the seconded national experts (SNEs), i.e. national civil servants who are temporarily working for EU institutions, in particular those seconded to the European Commission.2 On the one hand, Commission SNEs have to be loyal to the Commission and represent European interests in this supranational organ of the EU. On the other hand, their employer is still the member-state government, and they are expected to return to their home organization after their secondment term ends. The SNEs are thus practically torn between two employers: their daily employer under whose supervision they work (the Commission) and the national employer who sent them on the secondment and continues to pay their salaries (the member-state)