Оценка морфометрических показателей париетальной брюшины для прогноза течения острого разлитого перитонита

Цель. Разработать и оценить прогностически значимые критерии течения воспалительного процесса в брюшной полости у больных с острым разлитым перитонитом (ОРП). Материалы и методы. Проанализированы данные морфологических исследований биоптатов париетальной брюшины у 55 больных с ОРП различной этиологии. Изучены показатели нейтрофильно-полиморфноядерных лейкоцитов (НПЯЛ), макрофагов, лимфоцитов, фибробластов, очагов некроза, отражающие тяжесть воспалительного процесса в париетальной брюшине до и после операции. Результаты. Анализ данных морфологических исследований биоптатов париетальной брюшины показал, что при удельном объеме НПЯЛ 0,1314 ± 0,0546, лимфоцитов 0,0145 ± 0,0038, макрофагов 0,0046 ± 0,0013, фибробластов 0,1238 ± 0,0203, очагов некроза 0,0053 ± 0,0016 прогноз был максимально благоприятным. Если удельный объем НПЯЛ был равен или выше 0,3128 ± 0,0334, лимфоцитов - 0,0202 ± 0,0053, макрофагов - 0,0049 ± 0,0016, фибробластов - 0,1192 ± 0,0077, очагов некроза - 0,0173 ± 0,0046, прогноз был неблагоприятным. Летальность составила 16,3%. Выводы. Морфометрические показатели париетальной брюшины, сравниваемые с тяжестью состояния больных, оцененной по шкале SAPS (Simplified acute physiology score - упрощенная шкала оценки физиологических расстройств), объективно отражают тяжесть течения ОРП, позволяют оценить выраженность воспалительного процесса в брюшной полости и служат критериями прогноза течения заболевания, что дает возможность индивидуального подхода к выбору тактики лечения

Limit cycles of orthogonal projection onto the set of the most remote

The problem of finding the limit polygonal cycles of orthogonal projection onto the most remote set in the plane is discussed. As a simplest case we have considered projections onto the remote side of the triangle. A criterion of existence and analytical formulas for limit triangular cycles is described. We construct the set of initial points of the sequence converging to the triangular cycle. The examples of limit polygonal cycles are presented. Numerical calculations are performed.Рассмотрена задача нахождения предельных многоугольных циклов при ортогональном проектировании на наиболее удаленное множество из конечного набора выпуклых компактных множеств на плоскости. В качестве простейшего случая построены предельные циклы проектирования на наиболее удаленную сторону треугольника. Предложены критерий существования и аналитические формулы для предельных треугольных циклов. Описано множество начальных точек последовательности, сходящейся к треугольному циклу. Представлены примеры многоугольных циклических контуров. Проведены численные расчеты для треугольников

Pedagogical conditions of school students’ subjectivity formation in the educational process

© 2016 by iSER, International Society of Educational Research.The relevance of the research problem of the modern school student’s subjectivity is caused by the necessity to develop in a growing person the integrity of innovative features such as productive independence, being active and initiative in any case. The aim of this article is to describe pedagogical conditions of students' subjectivity formation as a process of awareness of their needs in knowledge and transforming themselves and the world and achieving significant personal and social goals of education. The main method of research was the pedagogical experiment, during the process of which the innovative teaching of school students of different ages was organized in the educational organizations of different kinds and type. The main results of the study are the following: clarification of the concept " student’s subjectivity development ", identifying of six groups of pedagogical conditions, proof of their influence on the level of the students' subjectivity increasing (the level of potential subjectivity, the level of the modus manifestation of subjectivity, the level of attributive manifestation of subjectivity). The article will be useful for scientists investigating problems of modern education, and practitioners seeking to improve the quality of the educational process

Two-dimensional superintegrable metrics with one linear and one cubic integral

We describe all local Riemannian metrics on surfaces whose geodesic flows are superintegrable with one integral linear in momenta and one integral cubic in momenta. We also show that some of these metrics can be extended to the 2-sphere. This gives us new examples of Hamiltonian systems on the sphere with integrals of degree three in momenta, and the first examples of superintegrable metrics of nonconstant curvature on a closed surfaceComment: 35 page

Labor capital development of the region in the focus of sociological research: factors and problems

The presented work analyzes the features, problems and factors of labor capital development of the Republic of Bashkortostan based on the data of a sociological study conducted by the Institute for Socio-Economic Research of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2021. A number of problems faced by the able-bodied population are considered, including: a relatively low standard of living of the population, which hinders the provision of the quality of life and professional productivity of workers; gender inequality in the distribution of labor incomes of the population; the predominance of negative assessments of the able-bodied population of their physical condition, the quality of their leisure and vacations; discrepancy between the high qualification of employees and the functions performed, which does not allow them to fully realize their labor potential in the workplace. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of values that prevail in the minds of the able-bodied population and determine their labor behavior, and as a result, have a negative impact on the formation of labor capital. Thus, it was revealed that the value orientations of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan are typical for countries of “catching up” development. In this regard, the authors substantiate the necessity of cultivating the values of rationality of financial thinking, equality, self-expression and autonomy, as well as improving institutions that support these values in society. These values act as factors in the formation of high-quality labor capital in the conditions of modern Russi

A Comprehensive Diagnosis of Components of Pedagogical Students’ Research Competency

Introduction. Nowadays, the aspects of development of research competencies in future experts belong to the most relevant topics, which are widely being discussed both in Russian and in foreign scientific community. One of burning issues in this thematic block is diagnosis of such competencies without which their successful development is impossible. Today, we are witnessing the disparity between a large number of the methods presented in scientific sources and technologies of the formation of students’ research competency and limitation of its criteria and indicators. Moreover, there is lack of adequate methodological tools to estimate objectively the level and quality of scientific literacy and degree of students’ research activity.The aim of the research was to define the content of a comprehensive diagnosis of the components of pedagogical students’ research competency and to justify the criteria, indicators and methods of its evaluation. Methodology and research methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis, generalisation and modelling were employed. The systematic approach was applied, taking into account the provisions of plurality, integrity and structurisation. Results and scientific novelty. The authors presented and described the model of formation of pedagogical students’ practice-focused research competency. The knowledge-based, value-oriented and practical components of the model are correlated to the methods of psycho-pedagogical monitoring, which are relevant to the content of these components. The complex of particular techniques for comprehensive, precise and complete assessment of future teachers’ research competency is designed. The complexity of measurement tools is provided with homogeneity between a theoretical construct (research competency) and operationalised constructs (psychological phenomena estimated in diagnostic techniques). Cumulative application of the selected diagnostic procedures and techniques allows: objective and subjective indicators of formation of research abilities and skills to be compared; motivation and readiness of students for implementation of independent research activity to be defined, taking into account social and professional contexts of its realisation. Practical significance. The authors of the present publication propose to introduce into practice of the higher school the approaches to contents, structure and organisation of the psychological diagnostics of level of students’ research competency, which will give the chance not only to carry out the internal regular and continuous monitoring of formation of one of key characteristics of the identity of the modern expert in educational institutions, but also to optimise the process of multilevel high school preparation, having adjusted work on early identification of its problems and crisis stages to take timely effective correctional measures.Введение. К наиболее актуальным, касающимся функционирования высшей школы темам, широко обсуждающимся как в российском, так и в зарубежном научном сообществе, относятся аспекты освоения будущими специалистами исследовательских компетенций. Одной из острых проблем в данном тематическом блоке является диагностика такого рода компетенций, без которой невозможно их успешное развитие. В настоящее время наблюдается несоразмерность между огромным числом представленных в научных источниках методов и технологий формирования у студентов исследовательской компетентности и ограниченностью ее критериев и показателей, а также отсутствием адекватного методического инструментария, позволяющего объективно оценивать уровень и качество научной грамотности и степень исследовательской активности обучающихся. Цель изложенной в публикации работы – определить содержание комплексной диагностики компонентов исследовательской компетенции у студентов педагогических направлений подготовки и обосновать выбор методик ее измерения. Методология и методы. Исследование, в ходе которого использовались методы анализа, синтеза, обобщения и моделирования, выполнено с опорой на системный подход, базирующийся на положениях множественности, целостности и структуризации. Результаты и научная новизна. Описана авторская модель формирования практико-ориентированной исследовательской компетенции студентов педагогических специальностей. Составляющие модель знаниевый, ценностный и практический компоненты соотнесены с методами психолого-педагогического мониторинга, релевантными содержанию этих компонентов. Сконструирован комплекс конкретных методик для всесторонней, максимально точной и полной оценки исследовательской компетенции будущих педагогов. Комплексность измерительного инструментария обеспечивается гомогенностью между теоретическим конструктом (исследовательской компетенцией) и операционализированными конструктами (психологическими феноменами, оцениваемыми в диагностических методиках). Совокупное применение отобранных диагностических процедур и техник позволяет сопоставлять объективные и субъективные показатели сформированности исследовательских умений, навыков и способностей; определять мотивацию и готовность студентов к осуществлению самостоятельной исследовательской деятельности с учетом социального и профессионального контекстов ее реализации. Практическая значимость. Внедрение в практику высшей школы предлагаемых авторами подходов к содержанию, структуре и организации психологической диагностики уровня исследовательской компетенции обучающихся даст возможность не только проводить в учебных заведениях внутренний регулярный полноценный мониторинг сформированности одной из ключевых характеристик личности современного специалиста, но и оптимизировать процесс многоуровневой вузовской подготовки, наладив работу по оперативному выявлению его проблем и кризисных этапов для своевременного принятия эффективных коррекционных мер.the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project №18–013–00268 A “Formation of Students’ Research Competencies of the System of Multilevel Psycho-Pedagogical Education and Vocational Development of Pedagogical Personnel in Higher Educational Institution”РФФИ в рамках научного проекта №18–013–00268 А «Формирование исследовательских компетенций обучающихся в системе многоуровневого университетского психолого-педагогического образования и повышения квалификации педагогических кадров

THE EGALITARIAN PRINCIPLES OF THE OLD BOHEMIAN STATEHOOD AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM

Purpose: The article is devoted to the study of egalitarian principles of medieval Czech statehood and the legal system. Methods: The authors pay special attention to the peculiarities of family self-government of the Czech communities, the institution of hazing in land law and the mechanism of reconciliation as an alternative to the death penalty. Findings: The paper proves that tribal remnants of the customary law of the ancient Czech people in the medieval era contributed to the preservation of egalitarian democratic principles of public administration and justice

The Maupertuis principle and canonical transformations of the extended phase space

We discuss some special classes of canonical transformations of the extended phase space, which relate integrable systems with a common Lagrangian submanifold. Various parametric forms of trajectories are associated with different integrals of motion, Lax equations, separated variables and action-angles variables. In this review we will discuss namely these induced transformations instead of the various parametric form of the geometric objects

Canonical transformations of the extended phase space, Toda lattices and Stackel family of integrable systems

We consider compositions of the transformations of the time variable and canonical transformations of the other coordinates, which map completely integrable system into other completely integrable system. Change of the time gives rise to transformations of the integrals of motion and the Lax pairs, transformations of the corresponding spectral curves and R-matrices. As an example, we consider canonical transformations of the extended phase space for the Toda lattices and the Stackel systems.Comment: LaTeX2e + Amssymb, 22p

Individual features of geometric figures discrimination by three species of reptiles

Background (context). The individual characteristics of reptiles have been studied less than that of other classes of animals. One of the basic properties of their individuality, impulsivity, on which behavior and the solution of cognitive tasks in humans and animals significantly depend, has not been practically investigated. Objective. To study manifestations of impulsivity in decision-making in visual recognition in three types of reptiles. Design. In ten experiments, each of six individuals of three reptile species chose one of two paths in the task of distinguishing geometric shapes in mazes. The indicators of the percentage of erroneous choices and the average time for making choices were evaluated relative to the corresponding median values, similar to the study of a person’s impulsivity when choosing among similar visual images in the Kagan test. Results. Among the individuals of each species, four individual typological groups were distinguished: impulsive, slow — accurate, fast — accurate, and slow — inaccurate. This confirmed the authors’ hypothesis based on their study of color recognition in common grass snakes. In slow — accurate and slow — inaccurate individuals, repeated turns to the stimuli being compared were observed before they made a decision, apparently reflecting the expanded analysis of visual information, unlike in most impulsive and fast-accurate individuals. Conclusions. The four individual-typological groups identified in the three types of reptiles in the task of visual recognition are similar in terms of impulsivity to the known groups of people identified in a similar task. The differences in the behavioral reactions of individuals of the four typological groups of reptiles before making a decision correspond to the different psychological content of such a choice in these groups. Our results, which were obtained for reptiles for the first time, confirm the concept of impulsivity as one of the fundamental biologically determined characteristics of individuality, which is valid for other species of animals and humans. In the future it would be useful to find out: 1. Whether the following methods of studying impulsivity evaluate the same individual characteristic of animals: the well-known method of choosing the type of reinforcement and the auto method of choosing the path in the labyrinth with visual discrimination; 2. Do the assessments of impulsivity by these methods correlate with assessments of courage in reactions to a new object, territory and food? The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that knowledge of the individual characteristics of reptiles allows us to develop scientifically based recommendations for maintaining their well-being in zoos and nurseries