NEW METHOD OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE INCIDENCE OF COMPLICATIONS AFTER ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS VACCINATION

The article offers a new method for calculation of incidence of complications after primary anti-tuberculosis vaccination. Using the example of analysis of continuous sampling of complications after anti-tuberculosis vaccination (n = 110) in Irkutsk Region in 2005-2014 the article shows the advantage of the offered method compared to the existing ones

Complications of BCG vaccination: modification of the statistical procedure

There is no uniform method to conduct the epidemiological monitoring of BCG complications in the Russian Federation, Current indicators of BCG complications include the number of complication cases (cases registered within two years after vaccination) and the total number of the vaccinated children. Our aim is to discover a new indicator of BCG complications and to compare it with the indicators of the existing methods, The comparative analysis of new and existing methods of all complication cases (continuous sampling, n = 110) was conducted in the Irkutsk Region (Eastern Siberia) from 2005 to 2014, The calculating formula included the ratio of the number of children with complications vaccinated in the analyzed year to 100,000 children vaccinated in the same year, The new method shows the advantages over the existing methodological approaches, It demonstrates more adequate assessment, expressed in the highest approximation coefficient of trend model compared to the other methods, and stability of indicator over the years, The incidence of complications in the Irkutsk Region has a steady decreasing linear trend and a significant negative growth rate of the indicator (-17,9 %), The new method offers an adequate assessment and can be used as an epidemiological control system not only in the Russian Federation but in other high TB-burden countries with massive BCG vaccination of children

Критерии интеграции эпидемических процессов ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулеза

The objective of the study: to establish criteria for the integration of epidemic processes of HIV infection and tuberculosis. Subjects and methods. The article presents the retrospective analysis of the long-term changes in the main epidemiological rates of HIV-infection and tuberculosis in two regions within the Siberian Federal District, and these rates were compared with data for the whole of Russia. Results. The following criteria for the integration of epidemic processes of HIV infection and tuberculosis were established: simultaneous development of epidemic processes; high activity of epidemic processes with involvement of the general population (HIV prevalence of more than 6500/0000, tuberculosis incidence of more than 1200/0000); positive statistically significant correlations at least in pairs of indicators, which were HIV prevalence – incidence of tuberculosis and HIV prevalence - incidence of tuberculosis in the HIV positive population. The conclusion about the integrative effect of HIV infection on the spread of tuberculosis should be made using all three criteria.Цель исследования: установление критериев интеграции эпидемических процессов ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулеза. Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ многолетней динамики и взаимосвязи основных эпидемиологических показателей по ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулезу на двух территориях Сибирского федерального округа в сопоставлении с общероссийскими данными. Результаты исследования. Установлены следующие критерии интеграции эпидемических процессов ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулеза: одновременное развитие эпидемических процессов; высокая активность эпидемических процессов с вовлеченностью общей популяции населения (пораженность ВИЧ-инфекцией более 6500/0000, заболеваемость туберкулезом более 1200/0000); положительные статистически значимые корреляционные связи как минимум в парах показателей «пораженность ВИЧ-инфекцией – заболеваемость туберкулезом» и «пораженность ВИЧ-инфекцией – заболеваемость туберкулезом пораженного ВИЧ-инфекцией населения». Заключение о наличии интеграционного влияния ВИЧ-инфекции на распространение туберкулеза должно быть сделано при соблюдении всех трех критериев

Критерии интеграции эпидемических процессов ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулеза

The objective of the study: to establish criteria for the integration of epidemic processes of HIV infection and tuberculosis. Subjects and methods. The article presents the retrospective analysis of the long-term changes in the main epidemiological rates of HIV-infection and tuberculosis in two regions within the Siberian Federal District, and these rates were compared with data for the whole of Russia. Results. The following criteria for the integration of epidemic processes of HIV infection and tuberculosis were established: simultaneous development of epidemic processes; high activity of epidemic processes with involvement of the general population (HIV prevalence of more than 6500/0000, tuberculosis incidence of more than 1200/0000); positive statistically significant correlations at least in pairs of indicators, which were HIV prevalence – incidence of tuberculosis and HIV prevalence - incidence of tuberculosis in the HIV positive population. The conclusion about the integrative effect of HIV infection on the spread of tuberculosis should be made using all three criteria.Цель исследования: установление критериев интеграции эпидемических процессов ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулеза. Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ многолетней динамики и взаимосвязи основных эпидемиологических показателей по ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулезу на двух территориях Сибирского федерального округа в сопоставлении с общероссийскими данными. Результаты исследования. Установлены следующие критерии интеграции эпидемических процессов ВИЧ-инфекции и туберкулеза: одновременное развитие эпидемических процессов; высокая активность эпидемических процессов с вовлеченностью общей популяции населения (пораженность ВИЧ-инфекцией более 6500/0000, заболеваемость туберкулезом более 1200/0000); положительные статистически значимые корреляционные связи как минимум в парах показателей «пораженность ВИЧ-инфекцией – заболеваемость туберкулезом» и «пораженность ВИЧ-инфекцией – заболеваемость туберкулезом пораженного ВИЧ-инфекцией населения». Заключение о наличии интеграционного влияния ВИЧ-инфекции на распространение туберкулеза должно быть сделано при соблюдении всех трех критериев

GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION IN EASTEN SIBERIA

A total 61 randomly selected strains of M. tuberculosis were genotyped by the 12 loci of MIRU-VNTR. It was shown the predominance of the Beijing genetic group (78,4 %) in population of mycobacterium from the patients with tuberculosis and. human immunodeficiency virus infection in Irkutsk region and. Buryatia. Multidrug resistance was observed in 34,4 % of the studied strains without significant differences among representatives of Beijing and non-Beijing

Synthesis and thermal behavior of Co/AlCe layered double hydroxide

Cerium-containing cobalt-aluminum layered double hydroxide was successfully synthesized via coprecipitation followed by hydrothermal treatment. Molar ratios of metal cations were predetermined as following: Co2+/(Al3+ + Ce3+) = 3 and Ce3+/(Al3+ + Ce3+) = 0.05. According to X-ray diffraction data, the obtained sample was well crystallized single-phase product with a hydrotalcite-like structure. The presence of cerium was confirmed by elemental analysis. The synthesized material consisted of hexagonal plate-like particles with an average size of 277 nm. The study of thermal behavior showed that the compound decomposed with the formation of oxides mixture, which is typical for layered double hydroxides. Its rehydration ability was expressed very weakly and the “memory effect” was observed only after heat treatment at a temperature not higher than 200 ◦

Viability of causative pathogen in patients with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant forms of respiratory tuberculosis

To predict outcomes of tuberculosis we investigated the viability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in relation to drug resistance of strains and clinical manifestations of tuberculosis. During the study on solid Löwenstein - Jensen medium, we determined the speed, growth rate and drug resistance of MBT in 5945 cultures, isolated from the sputum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis - residents of the Irkutsk region (2193 -from newly diagnosed patients, 3752 - from previously treated patients). The criterion of high viability of MBT was the growth rate of >100 colonies over 20 days; and low viability corresponded with the growth rate of 30 days. 2171 cultures (36.5 %) had high viability of MBT strains, 3021 (50.8 %) - low, and 753 (12.7 %) cultures had average degree of viability. A high degree of pathogen viability was more often determined in newly diagnosed patients with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (all patients with HIV-infection without antiretroviral therapy), fibrotic-cavernous and infiltrative tuberculosis. Among previously treated patients with tuberculosis the high viability of MBT was often determined in patients with fibrous-cavernous and infiltrative tuberculosis, and caseous pneumonia. Cultures from previously treated patients with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes had low degree of viability. The number of drug-sensitive strains was 1992, drug-resistant ones - 3953, including 1430 strains with multidrug resistance. We have found that 37.5 % drug-resistant strains associated with a high degree of viability (multidrug resistance - 38.5 %), it's was more often than the drug-sensitive (35.4 %; p < 0.01)

Features of Epidemic Process of Tuberculosis in the Territory with High Prevalence of HIV Infection

Scales of epidemic process of HIV-associated of tuberculosis are especially noticeable in regions with high prevalence of HIV infection and tuberculosis. A striking example of this situation is the Irkutsk region – the territory with the highest prevalence of HIV infection in the Russian Federation and one of the most unsuccessful one on tuberculosis – in 2010 became Russian “leader” and in prevalence of the HIV-associated tuberculosis, keeping a position “in the first five” so far. It is clear, that all this cannot but imply negative manifestations of two considered epidemic processes at their simultaneous development in one territory. The above-said facts predetermined carrying out the retrospective epidemiological analysis of spread of tuberculosis among the cumulative population in the Irkutsk region, a territory of high risk of HIV infection.The purpose of the work was to assess features of spread of tuberculosis in the territory of the large center of HIV infection (Irkutsk region).Results. The expressed negative impact of HIV infection on epidemic process of tuberculosis in the studied region, shown in divergence of trends and higher levels of epidemiological indicators in comparison to the all-Russian data is established.Conclusion. As a result of a research the trend of regional incidence of tuberculosis, multidirectional with the all-Russian indicators, is established from the moment of epidemic spread of HIV infection that demonstrates integration of epidemic processes of the studied infections. Even on condition of regress of epidemic process of tuberculosis at the end of the analyzed period which is followed by decrease in incidence of all population, HIV infection has a significant impact on his tension that, certainly, demands the strengthened measures of epidemiological control of these socially important infections

COMPREHENSIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TUBERCULOSIS SITUATION AMONG THE DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS OF THE BURYATIA

Comprehensive epidemiological analysis of tuberculosis in the Republic of Buryatia (RB), including among different ethnicgroups (Russian, Buryat, Evenk) presents in the article. Assessment of the epidemiological situationfor 1994-2012 was examined on various parameters (incidence, prevalence and mortality). It was found that the epidemiological situation in RB in the last twenty years were characterized by high incidence of tuberculosis when compared with similar data for Russia as a whole (mean annual incidence 148,1 ± 6,90/0000 и 77.6 ± 2,10/0000 respectively). Among the various ethnic groups living in the RB, the most unfavorable epidemiological indicators identified for the Buryat population. "Safely" group of the population was Evenki. For each of the studied ethnic groups have been identified areas of tuberculosis risk, which had its own characteristics