HVDC and Green Power Corridor: a Review

High Voltage Direct Current transmission system can turn out to be the ideal power transmission system for bulk power and transferring clean power from remotely located hydroelectric dams to distant load centers. Therefore, the solution to the sudden increased demand for electricity can be found by evacuating remotely located bulk renewable energy and transmitting the clean power to load centers located at a significant distance away via HVDC link

Ki67 Labelling Index predicts clinical outcome and survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the Ki 67 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological features and 3 years as well as 5 years survival rate in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methodology: Total 217cases of OSCC primarily treated with surgery with or without radiation were included. All patients were followed up for 3 years and 150 were followed up of 5 years for disease free survival. The immunohistochemistry was carried out on neutral buffered formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue to evaluate the expression of Ki67. Results: The Ki67 labeling index (LI) was significantly higher with respect to adverse clinicopathological parameters such as histopathological grading (p<0.001), clinical TNM staging (p<0.001) and nodal metastasis (p<0.001). The OSCC patients survived for less than 3 and 5 years were showed significantly higher Ki67 LI as compared to diseases free survived more than 3 and 5 years(p<0.001). The three years survival rate of OSCC patient significantly higher with low Ki67 LI (≤45) 96.2%, followed by moderate Ki67 LI (46 to 60) 60.7% and high Ki67 LI (≥61) 37.7% (p<0.001). The five years survival rate of OSCC patient statistically significantly higher with low Ki67 LI (≤45)93.3%, followed by moderate Ki67 LI (46 to 60) 46.8% and Ki67 LI (≥61) 23.3% (p<0.001). Conclusion: The measurement of cell proliferative activity by using Ki67 antigen expression in individual OSCC might provide unique, predictive information on clinical outcome, prognosis and deciding treatment modalities in OSCC

Sinteza i anthelmintičko djelovanje novih 2-supstituiranih-4,5-difenil imidazola

A series of 2-substituted-4,5-diphenyl imidazoles 1a-j were synthesized by refluxing benzil with different substituted aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate and glacial acetic acid. Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Compounds 1a-j were screened for anthelmintic activity. Test results revealed that compounds showed paralysis time of 0.24 to 1.54 s and death time of 0.39 to 4.40 s while the standard drugs albendazole and piperazine citrate showed paralysis time of 0.54 and 0.58 s and death time of 2.16 and 2.47 s, respectively, at the same concentration of 1 % (m/V). Five compounds, 2-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1b), 2-[3-methoxyphenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1c), 2-[2-phenylethenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1e), 2-[4-fluorophenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1g) and 2-[3-nitrophenyl]-4,5-diphenyl imidazole (1h) showed significant anthelmintic activity compared to the standard drugs.Refluksiranjem benzila s različitim supstituiranim aldehidima u prisutnosti amonijeva acetata i ledene octene kiseline sintetizirana je serija 2-supstituiranih-4,5-difenil imidazola (1a-j). Strukture sintetiziranih spojeva potvrđene su IR, 1H NMR i masenom spektroskopijom. U testovima na anthelmintičko djelovanje određeno je vrijeme paralize 0,24 do 1,54 min i vrijeme smrti 0,39 do 4,40 min, dok standarni lijekovi albendazol i piperazin citrat imaju vrijeme paralize 0,54 i 0,58 min, a vrijeme smrti 2,16, odnosno 2,47 min pri istim koncentracijama (1 % m/V). Pet spojeva, 2-[2-hidroksifenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1b), 2-[3-metoksifenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1c), 2-[2-feniletenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1e), 2-[4-fluorofenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1g) i 2-[3-nitrofenil]-4,5-difenil imidazol (1h) pokazuju značajno anthelmintičko djelovanje u odnosnu na standardne lijekove