FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF LEVOSULPIRIDE BY USING NATURAL POLYMER

Objective: The objective of the present study was to develop sustained release matrix tablets of levosulpiride by using natural polymers.Method: The tablets were prepared with different ratios of Chitosan, Xanthan gum and Guar gum by wet granulation technique. The solubility study of the levosulpiride was conducted to select a suitable dissolution media for in vitro drug release studies.Results: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study revealed no considerable changes in IR peak of levosulpiride and hence no interaction between drug and the excipients. DSC thermograms showed that no drug interaction occurred during the manufacturing process. In vitro dissolution study was carried out for all the formulation and the results compared with marketed sustained release tablet. The drug release from matrix tablets was found to decrease with increase in polymer ratio of Chitosan, Xanthan gum and Guar gum.Conclusion: Formulation LF3 exhibited almost similar drug release profile in dissolution media as that of marketed tablets. From the results of dissolution data fitted to various drug release kinetic equations, it was observed that highest correlation was found for First order, Higuchi's and Korsmeyer equation, which indicate that the drug release occurred via diffusion mechanism.    Â

Gender Based Mood Analysis on Purchase of Wrist Watches in Bangalore, Karnataka

Buying behavior and spending pattern are highly influenced by mood of the customer in general. Mood shapes person’s attention, choices of the product and purchasing decision though the life span of mood is short. Organizations must find out means and measures to trigger customers’ mood into positive that in turn will induce them to buy the product. This article focuses on gender-based mood analysis on purchase of wrist watches. The researcher has adopted structured questionnaire to get the primary responses from the respondent to study how far mood varies among the genders on purchase of wrist watches and researcher has made framework to highlight the order of the measures / attributes to be followed to trigger the customers’ mood. The researcher has applied descriptive statistics to present the key aspects of mood of the respondents and applied ranking method to identify the attribute that trigger the mood of the potential customers. It is concluded that the attribute of demonstration of wrist watches features in specific to men and women, building a community group and attribute of need, elite and self-esteem, sense of accomplishment, aspiration, and marketing communication tactics are some of the significant attributes that trigger the customers to buy wrist watches from highest order to lowest order

Human milk banking: One year experience from a tertiary care centre

Introduction: A human milk bank (HMB) systematically collects, screens, processes, and dispenses excess milk donated by healthy nursing mothers. First HMB of Asia was established in the year 1989 in Mumbai, but there are still insufficient milk banks in India. Objective: This study aimed to provide our experience in the past 1 year. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the HMB of a tertiary care institution. The data were collected from donor forms and other milk bank records in the milk bank. All the demographic details and bacteriological data were collected. Results: There were 1168 donors with no extramural donors. Of these, 882 donors had term babies and 286 had preterm babies. The mean age of the donor population was 23.53±3.27 years. On the analysis of the volume of milk donated, the mean volume was 77.62±51.26 ml. A total of 90,660 ml of human milk was collected during the study period of 1 year. The bacteriological culture of the donor milk showed growth in 42 (3.6%) samples and was discarded. Klebsiella (2.39%) was the most common organism followed by Escherichia coli (0.44%) and Staphylococcus (0.35%). There were 1424 recipients and about 74% of them, were preterm babies. There were no extramural recipients. Conclusion: For a large number of preterm babies and the neonates without breast milk in India, pasteurized donor human milk will be the best source of nutrition. Hence, number of HMBs will improve the neonatal survival and reduce the morbidity

Ophiorrhiza, a promising herbaceous source of the anticancer compound camptothecin

Camptothecin is an important source for the synthesis of some of the major anti-cancer agents such as irinotecan and topotecan. Traditional source of camptothecin are prominently woody plants such as Camptotheca acuminata Decne. and Nothopodytes nimmoniana (Graham) Mabb., and the increasing demand for camptothecin leads to the level of threatening their existence. Ophiorrhiza species composed of herbaceous plants with quick growth characteristics which are reported as alternative source of camptothecin. The present review focus on taxonomical status, traditional uses, biological activities and phytochemical constituents with a special attention in bioproduction of camptothecin from Ophiorrhiza species and its future prospects

Charge and mass effects on the evaporation of higher-dimensional rotating black holes

To study the dynamics of discharge of a brane black hole in TeV gravity scenarios, we obtain the approximate electromagnetic field due to the charged black hole, by solving Maxwell's equations perturbatively on the brane. In addition, arguments are given for brane metric corrections due to backreaction. We couple brane scalar and brane fermion fields with non-zero mass and charge to the background, and study the Hawking radiation process using well known low energy approximations as well as a WKB approximation in the high energy limit. We argue that contrary to common claims, the initial evaporation is not dominated by fast Schwinger discharge.Comment: Published version. Minor typos corrected. 29 pages, 5 figure

Appraisal of Smart Grid Modeling and Simulation Tools

Abstract-The rising Smart grid behind today's electricity supply introduces many challenges. One characteristic is the organization of a range of software that drive these new systems at different domains (generation, transmission, distribution and consumption) and nodes of the Smart grid network. Managing such concerted, distributed, evolving and heterogeneous scheme of Systems requires a systematic move towards to support more standardized processes and commodities to accomplish the Smart grid hallucination. This paper presents analysis of smart grid modeling and simulation tools. The smart grid is a recent trend to minimize the losses and maximize the customers. Now a day's Smart grid is controlled, protected and run by various types of simulation software's .So this papers is analysis software's having advantages, disadvantages, performance calculation's and cost wise

Bounds on large extra dimensions from photon fusion process in SN1987A

The constraint on the ADD model of extra dimensions coming from photon annihilation into Kaluza-Klein graviton in supernova cores is revisited. In the two photon process for a conservative choice of the core parameters, we obtain the bound on the fundamental Planck scale $M_* \gtrsim$ 1.6 TeV. The combined energy loss rate due to nucleon-nucleon brehmstrahlung and photon annihilation processes is rederived, which shows that the combined bounds add only second decimal place to $M_*$. The present study can strengthen the results that are available in the current literature for the graviton emission from SN1987A which puts a very strong constraints on models with large extra dimensions for the case of $n=3$ .Comment: To appear in JCA

Black holes and global structures of spherical spacetimes in Horava-Lifshitz theory

We systematically study black holes in the Horava-Lifshitz (HL) theory by following the kinematic approach, in which a horizon is defined as the surface at which massless test particles are infinitely redshifted. Because of the nonrelativistic dispersion relations, the speed of light is unlimited, and test particles do not follow geodesics. As a result, there are significant differences in causal structures and black holes between general relativity (GR) and the HL theory. In particular, the horizon radii generically depend on the energies of test particles. Applying them to the spherical static vacuum solutions found recently in the nonrelativistic general covariant theory of gravity, we find that, for test particles with sufficiently high energy, the radius of the horizon can be made as small as desired, although the singularities can be seen in principle only by observers with infinitely high energy. In these studies, we pay particular attention to the global structure of the solutions, and find that, because of the foliation-preserving-diffeomorphism symmetry, ${Diff}(M,{\cal{F}})$, they are quite different from the corresponding ones given in GR, even though the solutions are the same. In particular, the ${Diff}(M,{\cal{F}})$ does not allow Penrose diagrams. Among the vacuum solutions, some give rise to the structure of the Einstein-Rosen bridge, in which two asymptotically flat regions are connected by a throat with a finite non-zero radius. We also study slowly rotating solutions in such a setup, and obtain all the solutions characterized by an arbitrary function $A_{0}(r)$. The case $A_{0} = 0$ reduces to the slowly rotating Kerr solution obtained in GR.Comment: latex4, 15 figures. Some typos were correcte

Crop–livestock-integrated farming system: a strategy to achieve synergy between agricultural production, nutritional security, and environmental sustainability

IntroductionClimate change, nutritional security, land shrinkage, and an increasing human population are the most concerning factors in agriculture, which are further complicated by deteriorating soil health. Among several ways to address these issues, the most prominent and cost-effective means is to adopt an integrated farming system (IFS). Integrating farming systems with livestock enables a way to increase economic yield per unit area per unit of time for farmers in small and marginal categories. This system effectively utilizes the waste materials by recycling them via linking appropriate components, thereby minimizing the pollution caused to the environment. Further integrating livestock components with crops and the production of eggs, meat, and milk leads to nutritional security and stable farmer's income generation. So, there is a dire need to develop an eco-friendly, ecologically safe, and economically profitable IFS model.MethodsAn experiment was conducted to develop a crop–livestock-based integrated farming system model for the benefit of irrigated upland farmers in the semi-arid tropics for increasing productivity, farm income, employment generation, and food and nutritional security through efficient utilization of resources in the farming system.Results and discussionThe IFS model has components, viz., crop (0.85 ha) + horticulture (0.10 ha) + 2 cattles along with 2 calves in dairy (50 m2) + 12 female goats and 1 male goat (50 m2) + 150 numbers of poultry birds (50 m2) + vermicompost (50 m2) + kitchen garden (0.02 ha) + boundary planting + supporting activities (0.01 ha) in a one-hectare area. The model recorded a higher total MEY (162.31 t), gross return (689,773), net return (317,765), and employment generation (475 mandays). Further negative emissions of −15,118 CO2-e (kg) greenhouse gases were recorded under this model. The study conclusively reveals that integration of crop, horticulture, dairy, goat, poultry, vermicompost production, kitchen garden, and boundary planting models increases the net returns, B:C ratio, employment generation, nutritional security, and livelihoods of small and marginal farmers

Biology, Fishery, Conservation and Management of Indian Ocean Tuna Fisheries

The focus of the study is to explore the recent trend of the world tuna fishery with special reference to the Indian Ocean tuna fisheries and its conservation and sustainable management. In the Indian Ocean, tuna catches have increased rapidly from about 179959 t in 1980 to about 832246 t in 1995. They have continued to increase up to 2005; the catch that year was 1201465 t, forming about 26% of the world catch. Since 2006 onwards there has been a decline in the volume of catches and in 2008 the catch was only 913625 t. The Principal species caught in the Indian Ocean are skipjack and yellowfin. Western Indian Ocean contributed 78.2% and eastern Indian Ocean 21.8% of the total tuna production from the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean stock is currently overfished and IOTC has made some recommendations for management regulations aimed at sustaining the tuna stock. Fishing operations can cause ecological impacts of different types: by catches, damage of the habitat, mortalities caused by lost or discarded gear, pollution, generation of marine debris, etc. Periodic reassessment of the tuna potential is also required with adequate inputs from exploratory surveys as well as commercial landings and this may prevent any unsustainable trends in the development of the tuna fishing industry in the Indian Ocean