Local Atomic Structure of Martensitic Ni2+x_{2+x}Mn1−x_{1-x}Ga: An EXAFS Study

The local atomic structure of Ni$_{2+x}$Mn$_{1-x}$Ga with 0 $\le$ $x$ $\le$ 0.16 alloys was explored using Mn and Ga K-edge Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) measurement. Inorder to study the atomic re-arrangements that occur upon martensitic transformation, room temperature and low temperature EXAFS were recorded. The changes occurring in the L2$_1$ unit cell and the bond lengths obtained from the analysis enables us to determine the modulation amplitudes over which the constituent atoms move giving rise to shuffling of the atomic planes in the modulated structure. The EXAFS analysis also suggests the changes in hybridization of Ga-$p$ and Ni-$d$ orbitals associated with the local symmetry breaking upon undergoing martensitic transition.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review

To Investigate Electrode Wear Rate on Steel Material with Different Parameters on EDM Machine

The studies of an experimental investigation evaluate the effects of EDM machining parameters such as MRR, EWR with two different electrode materials. The process parameters such as Input current, Pulse on time and duty cycle keeping flushing pressure constant. With the use of Design of Experiment The full factorial design of experiment (L2)4 is used to study the effects of machining parameters on die steel material. Investigations selected the machine Model Electra plus leader-1-znc Electra machine, through practical, investigation the output parameters of EDM increases with the increase in input current and the best machining rates are achieved with copper electrodes, better surface roughness compare to brass electrode. A brass electrode with higher input current and maximum pulse on time resulted in more EWR compared to copper electrodes

The role of CYP1B1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: CYP1B1 is crucial for the metabolism of tobacco-derived procarcinogens to reactive metabolites which is known to play a major role in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of the review was to know whether CYP1B1 gene is associated with OSCC risk. Materials and Methods: The databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched to synthesize evidence on the relationship between CYP1B1 and OSCC. Results: Seven studies investigated CYP1B1 in 450 OSCC patients and 917 controls. Four studies have concluded that CYP1B1 is upregulated in OSCC, while three of the studies reported presence of polymorphism. Upregulation and downregulation of CYP1B1 was reported in three and two studies, respectively, while the remaining two studies reported differential presence of polymorphism. Different samples and methods were used for evaluation. Further, habits information was provided in a few studies. The most common polymorphisms were Arg48Gly, Ala119Ser, Leu432Val, and Ans453Ser. Overall, only four studies suggested CYP1B1 association with OSCC. Conclusions: There is not sufficient evidence to suggest a clear association of CYP1B1 with OSCC. However, considering the clearly defined role of CYP1B1 in metabolizing pro-carcinogens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phase I metabolism, there is need for well-designed cohort study

Prosthetic rehabilitation of oral submucous fibrosis patients: A systematic review of published case reports and case series

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an insidious chronic condition characterized by restricted mouth opening. Prosthetic rehabilitation is challenging for OSF patients as obtaining a good impression requires adequate mouth opening. The aim of the present review is to systematically present the data from case reports published in the English-language literature. Method: A comprehensive search of the literature databases (PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar) along with the references of published articles on prosthetic rehabilitation in OSF patients published to date was conducted. Keywords included a combination of ‘Oral submucous fibrosis’, ‘prosthesis’, ‘dentures’ and/or ‘restricted mouth opening’. Citations from selected references and bibliographic linkages taken from similar cases were included in this review. The inclusion criteria selected for case reports on prosthetic rehabilitation in OSF patients, and cases of restricted mouth opening due to causes other than OSF were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 21 cases were identified and analysed from 17 papers published in the English-language literature. Of these, 9 cases employed the sectional denture technique, 4 cases emphasized the need-based treatment approach in which conventional methods were modified, and 4 cases used mouth exercising devices. Finally, 1 case each involved, flexible denture, oral screen prosthesis, oral stents, surgery in conjunction with dentures. Conclusion: Prosthetic rehabilitation in OSF patients is a multifaceted approach and should be patient specific, although sectional dentures have achieved the best results

Comparison of orthogonal versus parallel double plating technique in patients type C distal humeral fractures: a randomised control trial

Background: Distal humerus fracture accounts approximately 2%-6% of all fractures and 30% of all elbow fractures, intra articular distal humerus fracture are rare accounting 0.5% of all fractures. These fractures had bimodal distribution, with respect to age and gender, with peaks of incidence in males aged 12 to 19 years and females aged 80 years and over. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups, one undergoing perpendicular plating with 17 patients and the other parallel plating with 17 patients. Patients were followed up minimally for 12 months. Results: We observed that time of union for parallel plating method was 12.82 weeks and 12 weeks in orthogonal plating. In our study functional outcome based upon Mayo elbow performance score, in group 1 (Parallel plating) was excellent in 7 patients (41.17%), good in 6 patients (35.29%), fair in 4 patients (23.52%). Conclusions: In terms of arc of motion and stability a good to excellent functional outcome was achieved in >85% of the study group. In cases of osteoporotic and comminuted bones, a rigid construct must be achieved

A Comparative Analysis of Biomarker Expression and Molecular Subtypes of Pure Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Invasive Breast Carcinoma by Image Analysis: Relationship of the Subtypes with Histologic Grade, Ki67, p53 Overexpression, and DNA Ploidy

There is a paucity of data regarding molecular subtypes of pure ductal carcinoma in situ (pDCIS). We evaluated the expression of ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, and p53 and DNA ploidy in 118 pDCIS and 100 invasive breast carcinomas (IBCAs) by routine IHC and classified them according to molecular subtypes. Quantification of biomarkers and DNA ploidy was performed by image analysis. Expression of ER, PR, and high ki67 was more frequent in pDCIS compared to IBCA. High-grade tumors had lower ER and PR expression, high Ki67, overexpression of HER2 and p53, and DNA aneuploidy. Luminal A and HER2 subtypes were more common in pDCIS, and triple negative was more prevalent in IBCA. In both groups, HER2 and triple negative subtypes were characterized by high ki67, overexpression of p53, and DNA aneuploidy compared to luminal subtypes. Molecular subtypes of IBCA are distinct from those of pDCIS. Invasion is characterized by change in phenotype in some tumors

A Data Transmission Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Priority Approach

Recent development in the field of a wireless sensor network has shown the significant improvement and has emerged as a new energy efficient wireless technology for low data rate applications. Handling different types of event data altogether is a crucial task in the sensor networks. This paper presents the solution to the problem of heterogeneous data transmission of long distance prioritised nodes in low data rate wireless sensor networks (LR-WSNs). The solution comprises three main algorithms, namely data reporting, traffic scheduling, and centralised reporting rate mechanism. The data reporting algorithm reports the demanded data in each specified decision window size with variable reporting rate. The traffic aware packet scheduling algorithm performs the packet reprioritisation and scheduling. The priority assignment is designed based on the data priority and hop count. It serves transient traffic against newly sensed packets, or less hop distance travelled packets. As a result, it minimises the chances of dying earlier than its deadline. The third algorithm presents the flexible data gathering approach based on the level of the buffer either sensed by its own or recently received information from hop node. It uses a decision interval window for managing the frequency of data delivery. This centralised decision approach makes the sink node more adaptive for data gathering and controlling the active source nodes. This multi-tier framework functions over CSMA/CA due to its unique feature of energy saving, especially for LR-WSNs. The reported work is simulated and examined over various scenarios in the multi-hop wireless sensor networks. Moreover, the performance of the scheduler proves better data transmission rate for prioritybased traffic over regular traffic flows; approximately 7% over First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) and 5% against Precedence Control Scheme (PCS) mechanism using theoretical analysis and computer simulations