Some inequalities for (α,β)(\alpha, \beta)-normal operators in Hilbert spaces

An operator $T$ acting on a Hilbert space is called $(\alpha ,\beta)$-normal ($0\leq \alpha \leq 1\leq \beta$) if \begin{equation*} \alpha ^{2}T^{\ast }T\leq TT^{\ast}\leq \beta ^{2}T^{\ast}T. \end{equation*} In this paper we establish various inequalities between the operator norm and its numerical radius of $(\alpha ,\beta)$-normal operators in Hilbert spaces. For this purpose, we employ some classical inequalities for vectors in inner product spaces.Comment: 11 page

Periplasmic flagella of the spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Spirochetes are unique bacteria that cause a variety of diseases. Motility, provided by periplasmic flagella (PFs), is a virulence factor for spirochetes. This work focuses on PFs from Borrelia burgdorferi and Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. PFs consist of three main parts: basal body, hook, and filament. Monoclonal antibodies were developed to attempt identification of individual FlaB filament proteins in B. hyodysenteriae .;The PF filament of B. burgdorferi consists of a major flagellin, FlaB, and a minor flagellin, FlaA. FlaB constitutes 10-14%, whereas FlaA contributes less than 0.5%, of total cellular protein. Although these flagellins co-precipitate, the location of FlaA on a PF is unknown. FlaA accumulates at only 13% of wild type levels in the flaB null mutant, MC-1. Because mRNA levels are not negatively altered, FlaA regulation occurs at a posttranscriptional level. As FlaA is degraded over time, protein turnover may be a mechanism responsible for reduced FlaA accumulation in MC-1.;The flagellar hook has structural and regulatory roles in many bacteria. The PF hook gene, flgE, is required for motility, wave-like cell morphology, and PF synthesis in B. burgdorferi. The flgE null mutant, SC-1, has markedly reduced levels of filament proteins FlaB and FlaA. Because flaB and flaA transcripts are not negatively altered, filament protein synthesis is regulated at a posttranscriptional level. As seen in MC-1, FlaA is degraded over time in SC-1. Conversely, FlaB is stable indicating that protein turnover is not a significant mechanism for maintaining reduced FlaB accumulation in SC-1.;In addition to a loss of FlgE in SC-1, a series of high molecular weight bands reactive to hook antisera was lost. This ladder was present in wild type strains B31 and N40, and also in MC-1 cells, all of which presumably assemble the PF hook. The ladder is absent in SC-1 and fliF null basal body mutants in which the PF hook cannot assemble. Furthermore, the ladder is present in purified PFs and in isolated hook-basal body complexes from B31 PFs. The ladder suggests that these bands are FlgE aggregates that are strongly associated, perhaps by cross-linking. The nature of FlgE protein association is currently unknown

Komposit polianilin/logam oksida: sintesis, karakterisasi dan aplikasi: sebuah telaah pustaka

Polianilin (PANi) merupakan polimer yang memiliki sifat stabil dalam lingkungan, konduktivitas listrik yang baik, dan harga yang relatif murah. Sintesis komposit PANi/logam oksida dilakukan dengan berbagai metode yang meliputi polimerisasi in situ, mechanical milling, elektrodeposisi, pengadukan, ultrasonikasi. Produk sintesis PANi/logam oksida diantaranya seperti PANi/TiO2, PANi/SiO2, PANi/ZnO, dan PANi/Fe3O4. Komposit PANi/logam oksida memiliki berbagai aplikasi yaitu sebagai adsorben, fotodegradasi, dan antikorosi

Perkembangan Sintesis MCM-41 Berbasis Sumber Daya Alam dan Aplikasinya: Sebuah Telaah Pustaka

perkembangan sintesis dan aplikasi dari MCM-41 memberikan dampak yang positif di berbagai bidang di dunia. Komponen penting dalam sintesis ini adalah sumber silika. Di Indonesia banyak varietas tumbuhan yang dapat dijadikan sumber silika. Dengan beragamnya sumber tersebut maka diharapkan agar dimasa depan ditemukan alternatif silika bahan alam selain yang sudah ada saat ini. Telaah pustaka ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan, memilah, dan menelaah berbagai pustaka dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan/atau Melayu terkait perkembangan, sintesis dan aplikasi dari MCM-41. Dalam melakukan sintesis terdapat dua jenis, yaitu sintesis konvensional dan sintesis tak langsung. Analisis menggunakan beberapa instrumentasi seperti difraksi sinar-X, Fourier Transform Inframerah, dan scanning electron microscope dalam menentukan karakteristik padatan MCM-41 yang dihasilkan. Adanya artikel telaah ini diharapkan dapat menjadi gambaran dan rujukan ilmiah bagi pengembangan material sejenis di masa daring

On the Orthogonal Stability of the Pexiderized Quadratic Equation

The Hyers--Ulam stability of the conditional quadratic functional equation of Pexider type f(x+y)+f(x-y)=2g(x)+2h(y), x\perp y is established where \perp is a symmetric orthogonality in the sense of Ratz and f is odd.Comment: 10 pages, Latex; Changed conten

Nanophotonic modal dichroism: mode-multiplexed modulators

As the diffraction limit is approached, device miniaturization to integrate more functionality per area becomes more and more challenging. Here we propose a strategy to increase the functionality-per-area by exploiting the modal properties of a waveguide system. With such an approach the design of a mode-multiplexed nanophotonic modulator relying on the mode-selective absorption of a patterned in-dium-tin-oxide (ITO) is proposed. Full-wave simulations of a device operating at the telecom wavelength of 1550 nm show that two modes can be independently modulated, while maintaining performances in line with conventional single-mode ITO modulators reported in the recent literature. The proposed design principles can pave the way to a class of mode-multiplexed compact photonic devices able to effectively multiply the functionality-per-area in integrated photonic systems. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America1153Ysciescopu