Optimasi Parameter Proses Jar Test Menggunakan Metode Taguchi Dengan Pendekatan PCR-TOPSIS (Studi Kasus: PDAM Surya Sembada Kota Surabaya)

Koagulasi-flokulasi merupakan tahap awal dari proses penjernihan air yang dilakukan Perusahaan. Pada dasarnya, serangkaian proses di dalam Instalasi Penjernihan Air Minum (IPAM) yang paling utama adalah untuk menurunkan kadar kekeruhan air baku. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan sebuah eksperimen proses koagulasi-flokulasi dengan alat jar test menggunakan metode Taguchi dan PCR-TOPSIS untuk mengetahui parameter proses yang memiliki pengaruh terhadap Perubahan kekeruhan dan pH air untuk kemudian menentukan setting optimum yang dapat mengoptimumkan kekeruhan dan pH air. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dosis koagulan, lama waktu pengadukan cepat dan pengadukan lambat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Perubahan kekeruhan dan pH air dengan kontribusi berturut-turut sebesar 62,00%, 10,39% dan 16,03%. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada setting dosis koagulan sebanyak 110 ppm, pengadukan cepat selama 120 detik dan kecepatan pengadukan lambat sebesar 40 rpm

Aspects of Categorical Symmetries from Branes: SymTFTs and Generalized Charges

Recently it has been observed that branes in geometric engineering and holography have a striking connection with generalized global symmetries. In this paper we argue that branes, in a certain topological limit, not only furnish the symmetry generators, but also encode the so-called Symmetry Topological Field Theory (or SymTFT). For a $d$-dimensional QFT, this is a $(d+1)$-dimensional topological field theory, whose topological defects encode both the symmetry generators (invertible or non-invertible) and the generalized charges. Mathematically, the topological defects form the Drinfeld center of the symmetry category of the QFT. In this paper we derive the SymTFT and the Drinfeld center topological defects directly from branes. Central to the identification of these are Hanany-Witten brane configurations, which encode both topological couplings in the SymTFT and the generalized charges under the symmetries. We exemplify the general analysis with examples of QFTs realized in geometric engineering or holography.Comment: 68 pages plus appendice

Symmetry TFTs for 3d QFTs from M-theory

We derive the Symmetry Topological Field Theories (SymTFTs) for 3d supersymmetric quantum field theories (QFTs) constructed in M-theory either via geometric engineering or holography. These 4d SymTFTs encode the symmetry structures of the 3d QFTs, for instance the generalized global symmetries and their 't Hooft anomalies. Using differential cohomology, we derive the SymTFT by reducing M-theory on a 7-manifold $Y_7$, which either is the link of a conical Calabi-Yau four-fold or part of an $\text{AdS}_4\times Y_7$ holographic solution. In the holographic setting we first consider the 3d $\mathcal{N}=6$ ABJ(M) theories and derive the BF-couplings, which allow the identification of the global form of the gauge group, as well as 1-form symmetry anomalies. Secondly, we compute the SymTFT for 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ quiver gauge theories whose holographic duals are based on Sasaki-Einstein 7-manifolds of type $Y_7 = Y^{p,k}(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^2)$. The SymTFT encodes 0- and 1-form symmetries, as well as potential 't Hooft anomalies between these. Furthermore, by studying the gapped boundary conditions of the SymTFT we constrain the allowed choices for $U(1)$ Chern-Simons terms in the dual field theory.Comment: 44 pages plus appendice

A Panorama Of Physical Mathematics c. 2022

What follows is a broad-brush overview of the recent synergistic interactions between mathematics and theoretical physics of quantum field theory and string theory. The discussion is forward-looking, suggesting potentially useful and fruitful directions and problems, some old, some new, for further development of the subject. This paper is a much extended version of the Snowmass whitepaper on physical mathematics [1]

El vínculo de la conductividad hidráulica saturada con la velocidad de infiltración subsuperficial del suelo del bosque

El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el vínculo de la conductividad hidráulica saturada con las tasas de infiltración. Se determinó un total de 38 puntos de muestreo; 22 en cedro japonés (Cryptomeria japonica) y 16 en hiba arborvitae (Thujopsis dolabrata). Para obtener una precipitación se utilizó un simulador de lluvia de boquilla oscilante. Se tomaron de la superficie algunas muestras de vegetación. Se recogieron muestras de suelo de tres réplicas de profundidad de 0-5 y 5-10 cm cada uno por las características del suelo. La permeabilidad del suelo y la conductividad hidráulica se midieron antes y después del aclareo de cada muestra de tierra. La conductividad hidráulica es espacialmente irregular y los parámetros son independientes del tipo de vegetación. Ambos suelos forestales en general mostraron valores de permeabilidad alta, pero se ha demostrado también un valor tan pequeño como el acuícludo en un solo punto de la muestra de la superficie del cedro. Esto podría ser debido a la poca capa de hojarasca acumulada en el punto. Si el recubrimiento es escaso en el suelo del bosque, la reducción de la tasa de infiltración sería una preocupación debido a la obstrucción de la superficie por el impacto de las gotas de lluvia. Por otro lado, en términos de la profundidad de la baja permeabilidad, la superficie del suelo es menos afectada debido a las propiedades físicas del suelo y la cantidad de raíz. Para entender los factores de la infiltración y la cercanía del suelo con la superficie, otros parámetros, en especial la conductividad hidráulica saturada, cantidad de raíces en el suelo superficial, la densidad de la cobertura del suelo seco del bosque y contenido de la materia orgánica (peso de la pérdida por ignición durante 4 horas a 450 °C) fueron examinados, comparados y analizados para confirmar su relación. Los resultados revelaron que las características de la cubierta del suelo de los bosques y la permeabilidad se encontraron pobremente correlacionadas. Además, el resultado demostró que la tasa de infiltración y la permeabilidad difieren de acuerdo a las diferencias de las especies de árboles

G-flux and Spectral Divisors

We propose a construction of G-flux in singular elliptic Calabi-Yau fourfold compactifications of F-theory, which in the local limit allow a spectral cover description. The main tool of construction is the so-called spectral divisor in the resolved Calabi-Yau geometry, which in the local limit reduces to the Higgs bundle spectral cover. We exemplify the workings of this in the case of an E_6 singularity by constructing the resolved geometry, the spectral divisor and in the local limit, the spectral cover. The G-flux constructed with the spectral divisor is shown to be equivalent to the direct construction from suitably quantized linear combinations of holomorphic surfaces in the resolved geometry, and in the local limit reduces to the spectral cover flux.Comment: 30 page

Towards mirror symmetry \`a la SYZ for generalized Calabi-Yau manifolds

Fibrations of flux backgrounds by supersymmetric cycles are investigated. For an internal six-manifold M with static SU(2) structure and mirror \hat{M}, it is argued that the product M x \hat{M} is doubly fibered by supersymmetric three-tori, with both sets of fibers transverse to M and \hat{M}. The mirror map is then realized by T-dualizing the fibers. Mirror-symmetric properties of the fluxes, both geometric and non-geometric, are shown to agree with previous conjectures based on the requirement of mirror symmetry for Killing prepotentials. The fibers are conjectured to be destabilized by fluxes on generic SU(3)xSU(3) backgrounds, though they may survive at type-jumping points. T-dualizing the surviving fibers ensures the exchange of pure spinors under mirror symmetry.Comment: 30 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX; v2: references adde

An Instanton Toolbox for F-Theory Model Building

Several dimensionful parameters needed for model building can be engineered in a certain class of SU(5) F-theory GUTs by adding extra singlet fields which are localized along pairwise intersections of D7-branes. The values of these parameters, however, depend on dynamics external to the GUT which causes the singlets to acquire suitable masses or expectation values. In this note, we demonstrate that D3-instantons which wrap the same 4-cycle as one of the intersecting D7's can provide precisely the needed dynamics to generate several important scales, including the supersymmetry-breaking scale and the right-handed neutrino mass. Furthermore, these instantons seem unable to directly generate the \mu term suggesting that, at least in this class of models, it should perhaps be tied to one of the other scales in the problem. More specifically, we study the simple system consisting of a pair of D7-branes wrapping del Pezzo surfaces which intersect along a curve $\Sigma$ of genus 0 or 1 and classify all instanton configurations which can potentially contribute to the superpotential. This allows one to formulate topological conditions which must be imposed on \Sigma for various model-building applications. Along the way, we also observe that the construction of arXiv:0808.1286 which engineers a linear superpotential in fact realizes an O'Raifeartaigh model at the KK scale whose 1-loop Coleman-Weinberg potential generically leads to a metastable, long-lived SUSY-breaking vacuum.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figures; v2: updated to reflect corrections in v2 of 0808.128