Estudio de incentivos para incrementar el uso de gd en colombia basado en un modelado en dinámica de sistemas

Este artículo presenta un estudio de penetración de la Generación Distribuida (GD) en el sistema de potencia colombiano, teniendo en cuenta una propuesta de incentivos comerciales, medioambientales y técnicos. Los incentivos comerciales y medioambientales fueron cuantificados usando experiencias internacionales. Los incentivos técnicos se cuantificaron considerando la remuneración obtenida por los agentes generadores por prestar el servicio de control automático de generación, dado que este es el único servicio complementario reconocido en Colombia. Además, se construyó un modelo en dinámica de sistemas para evaluar la propuesta completa. El modelo muestra que los incentivos actuales en la regulación colombiana, tales como la exención de impuestos, son insuficientes en recuperar los costos de inversión totales. Los incentivos medioambientales pueden ser una opción eficiente para promover el uso de energía renovable en Colombia, con el fin de lograr más capacidad en generación con menos índices de polución, y los incentivos técnicos en unión con los ambientales pueden mejorar aún más el crecimiento de la GD en Colombia. Así, el modelo de difusión llega a ser una herramienta adicional para el regulador colombiano que permite estudiar políticas remunerativas relacionadas con el control de tensión y de esta manera mejorar la calidad y seguridad del sistema eléctrico de potencia.This paper presents a study regarding the introduction of distributed generation (DG) within the Colombian power system by considering commercial, environmental and technical incentives. Environmental and commercial incentives were quantified by studying international precedents for implementing DG. Technical incentives were quantified by taking into consideration the remuneration received by generator agents providing automatic generation control (AGC), since this is the only ancillary service recognized in Colombia. A system dynamics model was built to evaluate the complete proposal. The study found that the current incentives proposed in Colombian regulation, such as tax breaks, are insufficient to cover total costs. Moreover, environmental incentives can be an efficient way of promoting renewable energy use in Colombia to achieve more generating capacity with lower pollution indices. Similarly, technical incentives, in conjunction with environmental incentives, can further improve DG growth in Colombia. The diffusion of DG thus becomes an additional tool for the operator of the interconnected system for controlling voltage and improving the quality and security of electrical power systems

Estudio de incentivos para incrementar el uso de gd en colombia basado en un modelado en dinámica de sistemas

Este artículo presenta un estudio de penetración de la Generación Distribuida (GD) en el sistema de potencia colombiano, teniendo en cuenta una propuesta de incentivos comerciales, medioambientales y técnicos. Los incentivos comerciales y medioambientales fueron cuantificados usando experiencias internacionales. Los incentivos técnicos se cuantificaron considerando la remuneración obtenida por los agentes generadores por prestar el servicio de control automático de generación, dado que este es el único servicio complementario reconocido en Colombia. Además, se construyó un modelo en dinámica de sistemas para evaluar la propuesta completa. El modelo muestra que los incentivos actuales en la regulación colombiana, tales como la exención de impuestos, son insuficientes en recuperar los costos de inversión totales. Los incentivos medioambientales pueden ser una opción eficiente para promover el uso de energía renovable en Colombia, con el fin de lograr más capacidad en generación con menos índices de polución, y los incentivos técnicos en unión con los ambientales pueden mejorar aún más el crecimiento de la GD en Colombia. Así, el modelo de difusión llega a ser una herramienta adicional para el regulador colombiano que permite estudiar políticas remunerativas relacionadas con el control de tensión y de esta manera mejorar la calidad y seguridad del sistema eléctrico de potencia.This paper presents a study regarding the introduction of distributed generation (DG) within the Colombian power system by considering commercial, environmental and technical incentives. Environmental and commercial incentives were quantified by studying international precedents for implementing DG. Technical incentives were quantified by taking into consideration the remuneration received by generator agents providing automatic generation control (AGC), since this is the only ancillary service recognized in Colombia. A system dynamics model was built to evaluate the complete proposal. The study found that the current incentives proposed in Colombian regulation, such as tax breaks, are insufficient to cover total costs. Moreover, environmental incentives can be an efficient way of promoting renewable energy use in Colombia to achieve more generating capacity with lower pollution indices. Similarly, technical incentives, in conjunction with environmental incentives, can further improve DG growth in Colombia. The diffusion of DG thus becomes an additional tool for the operator of the interconnected system for controlling voltage and improving the quality and security of electrical power systems

Cardiovascular examination using hand-held cardiac ultrasound

Echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality for assessing cardiac function and morphology. The miniaturisation of ultrasound technology has led to the development of hand-held cardiac ultrasound (HCU) devices. The increasing sophistication of available HCU devices enables clinicians to more comprehensively examine patients at the bedside. HCU can augment clinical exam findings by offering a rapid screening assessment of cardiac dysfunction in both the Emergency Department and in cardiology clinics. Possible implications of implementing HCU into clinical practice are discussed in this review paper

A Study of incentives to increase the use of DG in Colombia based on a System Dynamics modeling

This paper presents a study regarding the introduction of distributed generation (DG) within the Colombian power system by considering commercial, environmental and technical incentives. Environmental and commercial incentives were quantified by studying international precedents for implementing DG. Technical incentives were quantified by taking into consideration the remuneration received by generator agents providing automatic generation control (AGC), since this is the only ancillary service recognized in Colombia. A system dynamics model was built to evaluate the complete proposal. The study found that the current incentives proposed in Colombian regulation, such as tax breaks, are insufficient to cover total costs. Moreover, environmental incentives can be an efficient way of promoting renewable energy use in Colombia to achieve more generating capacity with lower pollution indices. Similarly, technical incentives, in conjunction with environmental incentives, can further improve DG growth in Colombia. The diffusion of DG thus becomes an additional tool for the operator of the interconnected system for controlling voltage and improving the quality and security of electrical power systems

Determination of the best timing for control application against cotton leaf worm using remote sensing and geographical information techniques

Knowledge of the larval-age distribution in the field is important for prediction purpose and timing of insecticide applications for insect pest management. This studies acts by calculating the average of thermal units in degree-days (dd’s). The average of thermal units required for completion of generation is 544.98, 640.63 and 599.66 degrees-days (°C) as calculated from air temperatures derived from thermograph and satellite images, and soil temperatures from satellite images, respectively, considering 9.89 °C as a developmental threshold. These were higher than the estimated value of dd’s based on laboratory data (524.27 degrees-days (°C)). There was a difference between degree days obtained from air temperatures derived from satellite images and thermograph by 59.2 dd’s, this value represented only about 2.85 days. In order to improve the predictability, a factor was estimated between them which is 0.81, 0.96 and 0.87 in case of thermograph, soil and air temperature that derived from satellite images so the predicted stages was highly improved. Egg hatching was estimated to be 80% complete by ≈80.45 dd’s. At 174.85 DD, mostly all larvae in the field experiment were from the first to third instars. The presence of more mature larvae (fourth to sixth instars) was not noticed until 197.59 dd’s. These data indicate that, the best timing for control application against Spodoptera littoralis would be at 174.85–197.59 dd’s. The results are important for quick prediction purposes, control timing and also as valuable tools used in an integrated control program for managing S. littoralis in Egypt