Identification of User Search Targets Using Feed Backs 1

Abstract Different users may have different search objectives and goals for a huge and confusing search item. The search engine performance can be improved by identifying and analyzing the search goals . In this paper, we propose a studied the approach to identify the user search goals by analyzing search engine query logs. The search goals of different users by clustering the proposed feedback from the search sessions.. to get the best results it is necessary to capture different user search goals. These user goals are nothing but information on different aspects of a query that different users want to obtain. The judgment and analysis of user search goals can be improved by the relevant result obtained from search engine and user's feedback. Here, feedback sessions are used to discover different user search goals based on series of both clicked and un clicked URL's. The pseudo-documents are generated to better represent feedback sessions which can reflect the information need of user. With this the original search results are restructured and to evaluate the performance of restructured search results, classified average precision is used. Keywords Search Goals, Feedback Sessions, Pseudo-Documents I. Introduction Web mining is one of the applications of data mining techniques to discover knowledge from the web. In web search, users are submitted queries to the search engines to get relevant information. But many search engines results are not informative and failed to produce results according to the user search goals. Users are usually giving some vague keywords representing their interests in their minds. Such keywords do not match with the results produced by the search engines. Many works about user search goals analysis should be carried out. Some users give ambiguous queries to the search engines they get mostly the irrelevant results. User search goals are classified as Navigational and Informational, the queries that seek a single website or webpage and queries that reflect the intent of the user to perform a particular transaction respectively. Many related works have been carried out according to the web search applications and the user search goals. In previous works, clustering is done on a set of top ranked results. The user search logs information is not analyzed and the feedback sessions are not considered. Analyzing the clicked URLS only from the web search logs. They only identify whether a pair of queries belong to the same goal or mission and does not care about what the goal is in detail. Semantic based web search for a particular query and the similarity between the words are carried out. Various algorithms such as star clustering algorithm, k-means clustering algorithm are used for clustering the pseudo documents but it also does not cluster the relevant information according to the user search goals. In clustering the cluster labels discovered are also not informative. User search goal is the information on different aspects of a query that users wants to obtain. Information need is a user's desire to obtain the relevant information to satisfy his need. To cluster web search results, the URLs are analyzed by extracting the titles and snippets. But all those works produced noisy results and does not obtain the user search goals precisely. When more irrelevant and relevant results are produced by the search engines it is tim

Activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) is a key determinant of resistance to endocrine treatment in an in vitro model of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2), a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins, has been implicated as a tumour suppressor in breast cancer. However, its exact role in breast cancer endocrine resistance is still unclear. We have previously shown that silencing of ATF2 leads to a loss in the growth-inhibitory effects of tamoxifen in the oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive, tamoxifen-sensitive MCF7 cell line and highlighted that this multi-faceted transcription factor is key to the effects of tamoxifen in an endocrine sensitive model. In this work, we explored further the in vitro role of ATF2 in defining the resistance to endocrine treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We knocked down ATF2 in TAMR, LCC2 and LCC9 tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines as well as the parental tamoxifen sensitive MCF7 cell line and investigated the effects on growth, colony formation and cell migration. We also performed a microarray gene expression profiling (Illumina Human HT12_v4) to explore alterations in gene expression between MCF7 and TAMRs after ATF2 silencing and confirmed gene expression changes by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: By silencing ATF2, we observed a significant growth reduction of TAMR, LCC2 and LCC9 with no such effect observed with the parental MCF7 cells. ATF2 silencing was also associated with a significant inhibition of TAMR, LCC2 and LCC9 cell migration and colony formation. Interestingly, knockdown of ATF2 enhanced the levels of ER and ER-regulated genes, TFF1, GREB1, NCOA3 and PGR, in TAMR cells both at RNA and protein levels. Microarray gene expression identified a number of genes known to mediate tamoxifen resistance, to be differentially regulated by ATF2 in TAMR in relation to the parental MCF7 cells. Moreover, differential pathway analysis confirmed enhanced ER activity after ATF2 knockdown in TAMR cells. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that ATF2 silencing may overcome endocrine resistance and highlights further the dual role of this transcription factor that can mediate endocrine sensitivity and resistance by modulating ER expression and activity

Modeling fiber-matrix splitting failure through a mesh-objective continuum-decohesive finite element method

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106435/1/AIAA2013-1725.pd

Investigation of progressive damage and fracture in laminated composites using the smeared crack approach

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97056/1/AIAA2012-1537.pd

Computational Implementation of a Thermodynamically Based Work Potential Model For Progressive Microdamage and Transverse Cracking in Fiber-Reinforced Laminates

A continuum-level, dual internal state variable, thermodynamically based, work potential model, Schapery Theory, is used capture the effects of two matrix damage mechanisms in a fiber-reinforced laminated composite: microdamage and transverse cracking. Matrix microdamage accrues primarily in the form of shear microcracks between the fibers of the composite. Whereas, larger transverse matrix cracks typically span the thickness of a lamina and run parallel to the fibers. Schapery Theory uses the energy potential required to advance structural changes, associated with the damage mechanisms, to govern damage growth through a set of internal state variables. These state variables are used to quantify the stiffness degradation resulting from damage growth. The transverse and shear stiffness of the lamina are related to the internal state variables through a set of measurable damage functions. Additionally, the damage variables for a given strain state can be calculated from a set of evolution equations. These evolution equations and damage functions are implemented into the finite element method and used to govern the constitutive response of the material points in the model. Additionally, an axial failure criterion is included in the model. The response of a center-notched, buffer strip-stiffened panel subjected to uniaxial tension is investigated and results are compared to experiment

Expression of steroid receptor coactivator 3 in ovarian epithelial cancer is a poor prognostic factor and a marker for platinum resistance

BACKGROUND: Steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC3) is an important coactivator of a number of transcription factors and is associated with a poor outcome in numerous tumours. Steroid receptor coactivator 3 is amplified in 25% of epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) and its expression is higher in EOCs compared with non-malignant tissue. No data is currently available with regard to the expression of SRC-3 in EOC and its influence on outcome or the efficacy of treatment. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was performed for SRC3, oestrogen receptor-α, HER2, PAX2 and PAR6, and protein expression was quantified using automated quantitative immunofluorescence (AQUA) in 471 EOCs treated between 1991 and 2006 with cytoreductive surgery followed by first-line treatment platinum-based therapy, with or without a taxane. RESULTS: Steroid receptor coactivator 3 expression was significantly associated with advanced stage and was an independent prognostic marker. High expression of SRC3 identified patients who have a significantly poorer survival with single-agent carboplatin chemotherapy, while with carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment such a difference was not seen. CONCLUSION: Steroid receptor coactivator 3 is a poor prognostic factor in EOCs and appears to identify a population of patients who would benefit from the addition of taxanes to their chemotherapy regimen, due to intrinsic resistance to platinum therapy