Beberapa Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Penularan Schistosoma Japonicum Di Dataran Tinggi Napu Kabupaten Poso Sulawesi Tengah

. The transmission of schistosomiasis is related with human behavior or habit factors in the schistosomiasis endemic area. The Purpose of this study was to identify several factors in relationship with schistosomiasis in Napu Highland. The Study was observational with cross sectional design. Data collection were coducted stool survey and interviewes in among 196 respondents using simple random sampling. Stool samples were examined by the Kato-Katz method and interviewed was used questionnaire to identify several factors in realtionship with schistosomiasis transmission. Out of 6 community behaviours suspected to contribute to infection of schistosomiasis, 5 were related with schistosomiasis, i. e. the habit of taking a bath and washing in the river (p=<0.001), always going to the focus area (p=0.04),utilizing water resources from well (p=0.001), washing legs or hand in the river(p=<0.001) and swimming (p=0.007). Schistosomiasis infection was related to the community behaviour of bathing and washing in the river, always going to the focus area, utilizing water resources from well, washing legs or hand in the river and swimming

Peningkatan Peranserta Masyarakat dalam Pelaksanaan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk Dbd (Psn-dbd) di Dua Kelurahan di Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is still one of the most important public health problem in Indonesia. Disease control efforts have been widely carried out, such as larvaciding, fogging focus, and mosquito breeding control. The efforts will be performing well if its involves community participation. The objectives of this study was to enhance community participation in the implementation of the mosquito control program of Dengue Hemorrhagic fever in Palupi and Singgani villages, Palu. The research design is a quasi experimental to analyze the difference between two approach, i.e. larvae surveyors (in Indonesia called as Jumantik) empowerment and the participation of the community leadres (in Indonesia called Ketua RT). Mosquito larvae survey was conducted with a single larval method. The population in this tsudy is all house in the two villages. Sample are consist of 100 houses in each village which were randomly selected. The result showed that during the first larvae survey in Palupi village, the larva-free rate (ABJ) was 68% with the result of CI, HI and BI were 20.81%, 32% and 46 respectively. In the village of Siranindi, the number of larva-free rate was 78%, with CI 19.64%, HI 22% and BI 33. At the seven weeks after the intervention with community participation suggests that the larva-free rate in Palupi village was became 89%, with the number of CI 3.67%, HI 11% and BI 1%. While in Siranindi village, the larva-free rate was 85% with the CI, HI and BI were 8.4%, 15% and 21% respectively. According to that result, the most effective of community participation on DHF vector control is larva monitors (jumantik) empowerment

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azadirachta Indica a. Juss) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Koloni Alternaria Porri Penyebab Penyakit Bercak Ungu Pada Bawang Wakegi (Allium X Wakegi Araki) Secara in Vitro

Purple blotch disease ( A. porri ) is to known as a main disease on onions it has becomes and has become endemic in central planting and it creates a lot of financial lose to farmer. Using neem leaf as a potential alternative pesticide can control the purple blotch on onion. The aim of this research was to determine the inhibition of neem leaf extract toward of fungal pathogens A. porri. This research was conducted in Laboratory of Plant Diseases Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University Central Sulawesi Palu. This research was conducted on August until November 2015. Method of this research was mixing neem leaf extract concentrate of 0.4% , 0.6% , 0,8% and 1% into the PDA. Results of this research show that neem leaf extract which is concentrate 1% more effective to press the inhibitory growth of A. porri was 43.33%

A case report in cardiovascular magnetic resonance: the contrast agent matters in amyloid

BACKGROUND: Cardiac amyloidosis is a progressive but underdiagnosed and underappreciated cause of heart failure. In the last few years, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has become the gold standard for non invasive diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis with the characteristic subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of a patient who, in the process of aligning protocols for a trial between different centers, had a paired study with two different contrast agents, Dotarem® and MultiHance®. MultiHance® surprisingly failed to demonstrate the characteristic imaging pattern, showing only non specific late gadolinium enhancement at the inferior right ventricular insertion point and different myocardial extracellular volume fraction compared to the one obtained with Dotarem®. MultiHance® is used by many centres, because its partial blood protein binding is a strength for MR angiography, but late gadolinium enhancement, particularly non-ischemic, appears to be compromised. CONCLUSIONS: This case report suggests that contrast agents should be selected with caution, especially with new therapies lining up for amyloid and CMR being used as exploratory end point in clinical trials

Situasi Filariasis Setelah Pengobatan Massal Tahun Ketiga di Kabupaten Mamuju Utara

Mass Drug Administration (MDA) of lymphatic filariasis has been carried out for three years in North of Mamuju District. However, achievement of efficacy of this programme was unknown. The implementation of mass treatment to filariasis have been conducted for three years in the District of North Mamuju, but achievement of efficacy of this activity were not known yet. To determine the change of filarial situation as well as knowledge, attitude and behavior of the people to filariasis, after three years mass drug treatment, studies were conducted in March-November 2015, the activities were to collect mass blood fingerprick and interview to the local community. The blood fingerprick was conducted to two selected villages do to age 5 years up old (≥ 5 years), and interviewed was conducted to thirty selected villages do to age 15 years up old (≥ 15 years). The results showed that microfilaria rate in North Mamuju district was 1,39%, and the species was Brugiamalayi. Interviewed to 1,586 respondents indicated that knowledge of filariasis disease and the mass treatment it self were low, similary with the behavior related prevention to drug consumption. On the other hand their behave to prevention, control and filariasis treatment were positif. Microfilaria rate was still higher than 1%, as well as knowledge, attitude and behavior related to prevention and mass drug consumption were particularly still low, those indicated that after three years of mass drug treatment implementation the result did not showed as excpected. It suggested that mass drug implementation in North Mamuju need to be continued until five years,with right procedures and seriously monitoring to the area with chronic and microfilaria positive cases

Epicardial myocardial strain abnormalities may identify the earliest stages of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.

The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the value of echocardiographic multilayer strain analysis in the identification of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) in its earliest stages in which sudden cardiac death can occurs. Twenty seven asymptomatic relatives of AC probands (mean age 39.6 ± 19.5 years, 37 % male) with a desmosomal pathogenic mutation but no additional criteria for AC (group II) were compared to age and sex-matched healthy controls (group I). In addition, 70 patients harboring a pathogenic desmosomal mutation with "definitive" diagnosis of AC (group IV), and 19 subjects with "borderline" diagnosis (group III) were also studied. A standard echocardiographic evaluation plus left (LV) and right ventricular global and regional transmural, endocardial, and epicardial longitudinal strain (LS) analysis, was performed. In group II, while LV ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and S' were not significantly reduced compared to controls, transmural global LS was significantly reduced to 19.3 ± 1.8 % in group II versus 20.9 ± 1.1 % in controls (p = 0.0003). Compared to controls, group II presented significant (p < 0.05) regional LS decrease in the basal infero-lateral, antero-lateral, latero-apical, infero-septal, and septo-apical segments. Moreover, LS of the latero-apical and the basal antero-lateral segments was significantly altered in the epicardium (p < 0.05) but not significantly in the endocardium. Global and regional LV LS analysis allows detection of AC in an early or non-diagnostic stage of the disease. Moreover, epicardial LS analysis allows the detection of abnormalities earlier than endocardial LS

Impact of microvascular obstruction on semiautomated techniques for quantifying acute and chronic myocardial infarction by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

AIMS: The four most promising semiautomated techniques (5-SD, 6-SD, Otsu and the full width half maximum (FWHM)) were compared in paired acute and follow-up cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), taking into account the impact of microvascular obstruction (MVO) and using automated extracellular volume fraction (ECV) maps for reference. Furthermore, their performances on the acute scan were compared against manual myocardial infarct (MI) size to predict adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling (≥20% increase in end-diastolic volume). METHODS: 40 patients with reperfused ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with a paired acute (4±2 days) and follow-up CMR scan (5±2 months) were recruited prospectively. All CMR analysis was performed on CVI42. RESULTS: Using manual MI size as the reference standard, 6-SD accurately quantified acute (24.9±14.0%LV, p=0.81, no bias) and chronic MI size (17.2±9.7%LV, p=0.88, no bias). The performance of FWHM for acute MI size was affected by the acquisition sequence used. Furthermore, FWHM underestimated chronic MI size in those with previous MVO due to the significantly higher ECV in the MI core on the follow-up scans previously occupied by MVO (82 (75-88)% vs 62 (51-68)%, p<0.001). 5-SD and Otsu were precise but overestimated acute and chronic MI size. All techniques were performed with high diagnostic accuracy and equally well to predict adverse LV remodelling. CONCLUSIONS: 6-SD was the most accurate for acute and chronic MI size and should be the preferred semiautomatic technique in randomised controlled trials. However, 5-SD, FWHM and Otsu could also be used when precise MI size quantification may be adequate (eg, observational studies)

Insight into hypertrophied hearts: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study of papillary muscle mass and T1 mapping

AIMS: Left ventricular papillary muscles (LVPM) can appear disproportionately hypertrophied, particularly in Fabry disease (FD) where storage appears detectable by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping. The aim of the study was to measure LVPM mass in heart diseases with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and to gain insight into the mechanisms of LVPM hypertrophy in FD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four hundred and seventy-eight cases were retrospectively recruited: 125 FD, 85 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 67 amyloid, 82 aortic stenosis (AS), 40 hypertension, 79 controls. LVPM contribution to LVM was manually contoured on CMR short axis cines. T1 values (septal, LVPM) were measured using ShMOLLI sequences in FD and controls. LVPM contribution to LVM was highest in LVH+ve FD and significantly increased compared to all other LVH+ve groups (FD 13 ± 3%, HCM 10 ± 3%, amyloid 8 ± 2%, AS 7 ± 3%, hypertension 7 ± 2%, controls 7 ± 1%; P < 0.001). LVH+ve HCM also had significantly increased LVPM. In LVH−ve cohorts, only FD had significantly increased LVPM (11 ± 3%; P < 0.001). In FD there was concordant septal and LVPM T1. LVH+ve FD: when septal T1 was low, LVPM T1 was low in 90%. LVH−ve FD: when septal T1 was normal, LVPM T1 was normal in 70% (indicating no detectable storage); when septal T1 was low, 75% had low LVPM T1 (indicating storage). LVPM hypertrophy was similar between the low and normal septal T1 groups (11 ± 3% vs. 10 ± 3%, P = 0.08). CONCLUSION: Disproportionate hypertrophy of LVPMs in LVH+ve hearts occurred in FD and HCM. This phenomenon also occurred in LVH−ve FD. Low T1 was not always present in FD LVPM hypertrophy, implying additional mechanisms activating hypertrophy signalling pathways