EXTRACTION OF FLAVONOIDS FROM BUCHANANIA LANZAN SPRENG. SEEDS BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION AND DETERMINATION OF THEIR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Objective: The purpose of the study is to optimize supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions for the flavonoids from the seeds of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. followed by quantitative determination of the antioxidant ability of the supercritical fluid (SCF) extract.Methods: The conditions optimized for supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were temperature, pressure, carbon dioxide (CO2) flow rate and co-solvent percentage. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine the flavonoid content at each condition for optimization. Chromatographic conditions were mobile phase–Methanol: Acetonitrile: Orthophosphoric acid: Acetic acid: Water (200:100:10:10:200 v/v), flow rate–1 ml/min, column–Kromasil C18, 250 x 4.6 mm and detection was done in PDA range. Quantitative estimation of polyphenols was done spectrophotometrically. In vitro antioxidant ability of the extract was checked using free radical scavenging activity by 1, 1–Diphenyl–2–picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay.Results: The optimum supercritical fluid extraction conditions were temperature 35 °C, pressure 19.61 MPa, carbon dioxide flow rate 3 ml/min and co-solvent 5.66 %. The extraction yield obtained was 20.50±0.47 %. The polyphenolic content was 52.14±0.7 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract. EC50 value for free radical scavenging activity was 124.58±1.6 µg/ml, and ferric reducing capacity was 456.06±5.61 µg/ml.Conclusion: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) technique could be used as an alternative technique for obtaining the maximum yield of flavonoids from the seeds of Buchanania lanzan. The results showed that the supercritical fluid (SCF) extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity which could be due to the presence of polyphenols and flavonoidsÂ

Detection of Topic Trend and Removal of Vulgar Words from User Data Streams

Nowadays, social media is becoming very much popular. More than 170 million people are using it to being connected to the world. Trend detection is nothing but to summarize the event which the world is discussing about. This paper explains about the system of detecting current events from user stream. Here, implemented the hybrid algorithm which will extract the subset of current event. The system will tell us which or about whom the crowd is discussing. Natural language processing is used for preprocessing and filtering. And bisect K-means is used for clustering. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15074

Energy Harvesting from Roadways

AbstractThis paper presents a preview of an ongoing study to develop an energy harvesting system based on piezoelectric elements embedded into the pavements structure. The system development involved designing and testing a number of prototypes in the laboratory under controlled stress conditions. In addition, it involved numerical modeling of the stress distribution in the power generation module and economic analysis of the value of the electric power generated, under a given traffic composition scenario. The results available to date suggest that this technology shows promise in powering LED traffic lights and wireless sensors embedded into pavement structures

The Effect of Fertilizer Treatments at Three Compactness Levels on Qualitative Traits of Sport Lawn in Winter Season

Lawn quality, which introduces by good color, density, uniformity and texture varies depending on the species, maintenance operation, and time of the year. In the current study, the effect of organic fertilizers containing Leaf Mold (LM), Rice Husk (RH), manure, Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC), a mixture of LM, RH and SMC (mixture 1), a mixture of LM, RH and manure (mixture 2), with the ratio of 1:1:1 and control (no fertilizer) at three levels of soil compactness including roller weights of 36, 56, 76 kilograms on qualitative traits of sport lawn were investigated in winter season. Treatments were applied in a strip plot design with three replications, in research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during fall 2008-2009. According to achieved results, manure and RH treatments in first and second compaction and manure treatment in third compaction level showed the highest amount of chlorophyll content. In visual assessment, the highest and lowest of lawn quality was observed in the manure and the control treatment respectively. In first and second compaction, the maximum height was observed in manure treatment. Control and LM treatments showed the minimum height. In third compaction, maximum and minimum heights were associated with manure and control treatment respectively

Effect of Several Organic Fertilizers Along with Some Soil Compactness Levels on Nutrients Content of Sport Lawn in Fall Season

The lawn has an incredible role in designing and construction of landscape areas and lawn bed provides aeration, moisture and nutrients, which is essential for having an acceptance lawn, so the role of organic matter and degree of soil compactness need to be studied. In the current study, the effect of some bed mixtures including Leaf Mold (LM), Rice Husk (RH), manure, Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC), a mixture of LM, RH and SMC (mixture 1), a mixture of LM, RH and manure (mixture 2) with the ratio of 1:1:1 and control (no fertilizer), also the effect of some different soil compactness (roller weights of 36, 56 and 76 kilograms) on the content of some nutrients of sport lawn in fall season were investigated. Hence, an experiment was conducted at the strip plot design with three replications, in research farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2008-09. According to the results of this study, interaction of fertilizer and soil compactness was significant for most measured factors. The manure and control treatments showed the most and the least amount of nitrogen in all compactness treatments respectively. The manure and SMC treatments and also treatments containing these organic matters increased plant phosphorus content in comparing with RH, LM and control treatments. Also in three compactness, manure and SMC treatments showed more plant potassium in contrast to control

Synthesis of triazine linked pyrazole heterocyclics by conventional heating and microwave irradiative cyclocondensation and evaluation of antitubercular and antimicrobial potential

1707-1712The synthesis of (4-benzylideneamino-6-methyl-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yl)-(5-methyl-2-substituted phenyl/H-pyrazol-3-yl)-amines and (4-benzylideneamino-6-methyl-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yl)-(5-methyl-2-substituted benzoyl/isonicotinoyl/cinnamoyl-pyrazol-3-yl)-amines by conventional heating and microwave irradiative cyclocondensation have been achieved by the cyclisation of N-(4-benzylideneamino-6-methyl-[1,3,5]-triazin-2-yl)-3-oxo butyramide with substituted hydrazines and acid hydrazides. The required butyramide has been synthesized by the reaction of 2,4-diamino-6-methyl-[1,3,5]-triazine with benzaldehyde followed by the condensation with ethyl acetoacetate. Structural elucidation of synthesized compounds has been performed by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral studies besides chemical transformation and elemental analysis. The title compounds have been evaluated for their antitubercular and antimicrobial potential against some selected microorganisms to establish the structure activity relationship

Dimensionality Reduction and Pattern Recognition of Flow Regime Using Acoustic Data

In this study we investigated the novel application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in order to reduce the dimensionality of acoustic data. The acoustic data are recorded by fibre optic distributed acoustic sensors which are attached along a 3500 m pipe with a sampling frequency of 10 kHz and for a duration of 24 hours. Data collected from distributed acoustic sensors are very large and we need to identify the part that contains the most informative signals. The algorithm is applied to water, oil and gas datasets. We aimed to form a smaller dataset which preserves the pattern of the original dataset which is more efficient for further analysis. The result of this study will lead to automation of multiphase flow pattern recognition for oil and gas industry applications

The influence of pelvicalyceal system anatomy on minimally invasive treatments of patients with renal calculi

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Nephrolithiasis has a multifactorial etiology, wherein, besides metabolic factors, the anatomy of the pelvicalyceal system might play a role. Using 3D-reconstructions of CT-urography (CT-U), we studied the morphometric properties of pelvicalyceal anatomy affecting kidney stone formation and compared those with existing literature on their effect on minimally invasive treatment techniques for renal calculi.METHODS: CT-U's were made between 01-01-2017 and 30-09-2018. Patients were chronologically included in two groups: a nephrolithiasis group when ≥ 1 calculus was present on the CT-U and a control group of patients with both the absence of calculi on the CT-U and no medical history of urolithiasis. Patients with a medical history of diseases leading to higher risks on urolithiasis were excluded. In the nephrolithiasis group affected kidneys were measured. In the control group, left and right kidneys were alternately measured.RESULTS: Twenty kidneys were measured in both groups. Mean calyceopelvic tract width was significantly larger in the lower segments of affected kidneys (3.9 vs. 2.7 mm). No significant differences between the groups were found in number of calyces, infundibular length, infundibular width, calyceopelvic angle, upper-lower angle and diameters of the pelvis. Transversal calyceal orientation in hours was significantly smaller in the upper and lower segments of the nephrolithiasis group (7.69 vs. 8.52 and 8.08 vs. 9.09 h), corresponding with more dorsally located calyces in stone-forming kidneys.CONCLUSION: Pelvicalyceal anatomy differs between stone-forming and non-stone-forming kidneys. Understanding the pelvicalyceal system and etiology of stone formation can improve development of endourological techniques.</p