PEMODELAN FREKUENSI PETIR DI BOGOR MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN LOGIKA FUZZY

Guinness Book of Record pada tahun 1989 dalam artikel Antara News (2013) menunjukkan bahwa Bogor adalah salah satu daerah yang memiliki potensi petir tertinggi di dunia. Namun, alat pencatat frekuensi petir yaitu lightning counter sering mengalami kerusakan sehingga data frekuensi petir tidak tercatat dengan baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat model frekuensi petir di Bogor menggunakan pendekatan logika fuzzy. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode Mamdani yang terdiri atas empat tahapan yaitu fuzzifikasi, aplikasi fungsi implikasi, agregasi semua aturan, dan defuzzifikasi. Model yang terbentuk mengambil input berupa suhu udara, kelembaban udara, kecepatan angin, curah hujan dan penguapan. Output dari model ini adalah frekuensi petir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 81 aturan model frekuensi petir. Keakuratan pemodelan fuzzy dapat dilihat dari nilai mean percentage absolute error (MAPE) sebesar 17.2%

Elemental and microstructural analysis of fake, real, and standard orthodontic brackets

The increasing demand for orthodontic treatment in the Malaysian community has led to the development of "fake" and "real" braces. Fake and real braces have been offered through social media by unqualified personnel using poor quality orthodontic brackets. Notably, cases of metal toxicity from these braces have been reported. Here, we explored the composition and microstructure of several types of fake, real, and standard (professional) braces. A total of nine upper right central incisor brackets were examined using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer to analyze the composition and evaluate the surface morphology of each bracket. Surface textures of the fake and real braces were noticeably more granular and unpolished than those of standard orthodontic brackets. All fake and real bracket designs were distinctly inferior from standard upper right central incisor brackets. All brackets were manufactured from different types of alloys; however, none contained any harmful elements

Boundary Segmentation and Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in Fundus Image

Recently, the automatic detection system or Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) is widely developed in the medical field to screen or diagnose the medical image. This paper presents the boundary segmentation and detection of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in fundus image. The proposed method uses Fuzzy C-Means for clustering and detect the boundary of the DR object. The number of cluster used in this work is 3 and the average number of iterations is 28.The DR region is successfully detected by FCM and the average processing time is 1.235s

Initial Experiment of Muscle Fatigue During Driving Game Using Electromyography

The road accident increases each year due to increased vehicle on the road. Driver vigilance easily distracted when in a state of fatigue and sleepiness. This research proposes to use physiological measures of electromyography (EMG) signal to assess muscle fatigue during driving game obtained from biceps brachii. The experiment starts with data collection of EMG signal for 3 subjects while driving Need for Speed the Run Game for 2 hours. Then signal preprocessing is applied to remove artifact in EMG signal. Next, the EMG signal is transformed into the frequency-domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). From FFT the Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Energy Spectral Density (ESD) can be obtained. Mean, median, RMS and average powers in PSD are calculated. While from the ESD, total energy was calculated. Based on results obtained (RMS = 9.7198, average power = 94.4744, mean = 6.2451 and median = 6.2456), the objective for the project is achieved. The result shows that the PSD is better used to evaluate the biceps brachii muscle fatigue compared to ESD

Physical, structural, and Raman spectroscopic traits of neodymium-doped lead Oxyfluoride zinc phosphate glass

Nd3+ with composition of (60 - x) P2O5 - 10ZnO - 30PbF2 - (x) Nd2O3 where (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 mol %) was prepared using a melt-quenching approach to the development of transparent glasses. These glasses have been confirmed to be an amorphous structure through XRD analysis. The glass density, molar volume and ionic packing density were obtained in the range of 3.978- 4.157 g cm-3, 41.949 - 41.073 cm3 mol-1 and 0.614-0.624, respectively. Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy, the chemical functional groups and biomolecules of samples were characterised. The FTIR spectra revealed six main bands assigned to P-O, P-O-P, P=O, (PO3)2- and hydroxyl groups (O-H), while Raman shift detected five symmetric and asymmetric bands attributed to P-O-P bonds in Q1 units, (PO4)3- bonds in Q0 units, (PO3)2- bonds in Q1 units, (PO2)- bonds in Q2 units and P=O bonds in Q3 units. It is believed that the proposed oxyfluoride glasses may be useful and suitable applicant to lasing materials and sensors sensitivity