Wolbachia Association and its Phylogenetic Affiliation of Brugia Malayi Parasites from India

Wolbachia have established a mutualistic association with filarial nematodes and has a phenomenal implication in its normal development, reproduction and survival. Elimination of Wolbachia by tetracycline class of antibiotic compounds have been suggested and successfully implemented for the treatment of lymphatic filarial parasites. Thereby, is necessary to assess the prevalence of the Wolbachia in B. malayi before such new strategies are employed, across the world. In the present communication, the presence of Wolbachia and phylogenetic affiliation in B. malayi collected from Sevagram, Maharashtra, India, has been addressed

Comparative Analysis of common Edge Detection Algorithms using Pre-processing Technique

Edge detection is the process of segmenting an image by detecting discontinuities in brightness. So far, several standard segmentation methods have been widely used for edge detection. However, due to inherent quality of images, these methods prove ineffective if they are applied without any preprocessing. In this paper, an image preprocessing approach has been adopted in order to get certain parameters that are useful to perform better edge detection with the standard edge detection methods. The proposed preprocessing approach involves median filtering to reduce the noise in image and then Edge Detection technique is carried out. And atlast Standard edge detection methods can be applied to the resultant preprocessing image and its Simulation results are show that our preprocessed approach when used with a standard edge detection method enhances its performance

Molecular characterization of senescence marker protein-30 gene promoter: Identification of repressor elements and functional nuclear factor binding sites

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30), whose expression declines during aging in rat liver, has been proposed as an important aging marker. Besides apoptosis, SMP30 also protects cells against various other injuries by enhancement of membrane calcium-pump activity. The mechanism of this differential gene expression mechanism is not known. DNA-protein interactions, mutation analysis and luciferase reporter assay studies have been performed to elucidate the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of SMP30 gene.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have characterized up to -2750 bp of the promoter by DNA-protein interactions studies. Twenty eight transcription factor binding sites have been identified by DNase I footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Transient transfection of 5' and 3' -deleted promoter-reporter constructs and luciferase assay illustrated the region between -128/+157 bp is sufficient to drive promoter activity. We have mapped an essential regulatory region between -513 to -352 bp which causes a drastic decline of reporter activity. This region contains CdxA, GATA2 and SRY transcription factor binding sites. Individual mutation of these three sites showed increase in reporter activity. Mutation in SRY site (-403/-368) showed maximum increase in reporter activity among these three sites. Therefore, we suggest that SRY like protein may be acting as a strong repressor of SMP30 gene along with CdxA and GATA-2. We also report that mutation of both Sp1 (172/-148 bp) and a C/EBPβ (-190/-177 bp) transcription binding site located adjacent to each other on SMP30 gene promoter, causes a significant enhancement in reporter activity than individual mutation, thus may be causing the repression of SMP30 promoter activity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These studies provide novel insights into the mechanism that regulate SMP30 gene expression.</p

Generation of Hidden Optical-Polarization: Squeezing and Non-Classicality

A monochromatic double-mode coherent light endowed with orthogonally polarized photons propagating collinearly is studied in Degenerate Parametric Amplification. Generation of Hidden Optical- Polarized States is shown by non-zero values of Index of Hidden Optical-Polarization. Squeezing in HOPS is demonstrated by recognizing a Squeezing function. The Non-Classical feature of HOPS is observed by 'degree of Hidden Optical-Polarization' which attains non-classical value 'greater than unity'. The dynamical nature of Generation, Squeezing and Non-Classicality are numerically presented.Comment: 14 pages and 02 figure

Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices Affects Crop Growth, Yield, Nutrients Uptake and Weed Dynamics in Wheat

The field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) of 2014 and 2015 at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi. The experiment was conducted with twenty four treatment combinations consisting of four crop establishment methods in wheat viz., conventional tillage (CT) no-residue, CT with residue, zero tillage (ZT) no residue, ZT with residue as main plots and six weed management practices viz., weedy check, weed free, mesosulfuron (12 g a.i. ha-1 at 30 days after sowing (DAS)) followed by (fb) one hand weeding at 45 DAS, metsulfuron (4 g a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS) fb one hand weeding at 45 DAS, clodinafop+metsulfuron (60+4 g a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS) and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron (12+2.4 g a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS) as sub plots in split-plot design with three replications, to evaluate the influence of crop establishment methods and weed management practices on crop growth, yield, nutrients uptake and weed dynamics. Results showed that ZT with residue recorded the lowest weeds density and dry weight, nutrients depletion by weeds and the highest weed control efficiency (WCE). However, CT with residue adjudged superior with respect to crop growth parameters, yield, and nutrients uptake by crop. Among herbicidal treatments, mix application of mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron recorded significantly lowest weeds density and dry weight and nutrients depletion by weeds and also recorded maximum WCE, plant height, number of tillers, crop dry weight, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content, yield, and nutrients uptake over rest of the herbicidal treatments. The interaction between crop establishment methods and weed management practices was found to be significant only for grain and straw yield

Hollow Bulb Definitive Obturation of a Post-Covid Mucormycosis Maxillectomy Defect – A Case Report.

The novel Coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), causes COVID-19.In the wake of COVID-19, incidences of mucormycosis were rising alarmingly, especially rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis.Most cases required surgical intervention followed by the fabrication of obturators.A hollow obturator is the most practical, convenient, and cost-effective solution for prosthodontic rehabilitation. A patient with pain overthe maxillary region (left) reported to the department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge. His past medical history revealed that he tested and recovered from SARS-CoV-2. Clinical, radiographic, and smear tests confirmed rhino-cerebral mucormycosis with post covid pneumonia. Surgical left partial maxillectomy performed 4 months back. His intra-oral examination revealed a large maxillary defect extending from the left-sided alveolar bone, along with a missing base of the maxilla and palatal bone.The case report presents a hollow bulb definitive obturator fabrication for the treatment of acquired maxillary defects after COVID-19-caused mucormycosis