The complete chloroplast genome of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) and comparative analysis within the family poaceae

The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.), an important grain and forage crop in the family Poaceae, is reported in this study. The complete cp genome sequence of P. glaucum is 138,172 bp in length with 38.6% overall GC content and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure comprising one pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (22,275 bp) separated by a small single-copy (SSC) region (12,409 bp) and a large single-copy (LSC) region (81,213). The P. glaucum cp genome encodes 110 unique genes, 76 of which are protein-coding genes, 4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 18 duplicated genes in the IR region. Nine genes contain one or two introns. Whole genome alignments of cp genome were performed for genome-wide comparison. Locally collinear blocks (LCBs) identified among the cp genomes showed that they were well conserved with respect to gene organization and order. This newly determined cp genome sequence of P. glaucum will provide valuable information for the future breeding programs of valuable cereal crops in the family Poaceae

<smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="country-region" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"><smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place" downloadurl="http://www.5iantlavalamp.com/"> Micropropagation of <i style="">Baliospermum montanum</i> (Willd.) Muell. Arg.— A threatened medicinal plant </smarttagtype></smarttagtype>

223-226 An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol was developed for Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg., a wild threatened medicinal plant. The plants were regenerated from young nodal buds and shoot tips. The morphogenic frequency of shoot bud induction and shoot multiplication was significantly higher in nodal segments when compared to shoot tips. Maximum number of shoots (22.2 ± 0.84) with high frequency of shooting response (82%) was obtained in nodal explants cultured on MS medium fortified with 2.0 mg L-1 BAP. Maximum shoot height of 15.8 cm was achieved. Caulogenic effect of BAP was found to be significant compared to Kn. The excised shoots were cultured on MS medium with various concentrations and combinations of auxins for rooting. Maximum number of healthy rootlets (14.8 ± 2.07 cm) with 90% rooting response was observed due to a synergistic action of IBA (1.0 mg L-1) and IAA (0.5 mg L-1) on half strength MS basal medium. The regenerated plantlets were transferred to the natural habitat with 86.2% success. </smarttagtype